CN102621000B - True triaxial pressure device capable of realizing hydraulic fracturing test - Google Patents
True triaxial pressure device capable of realizing hydraulic fracturing test Download PDFInfo
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- CN102621000B CN102621000B CN 201210084189 CN201210084189A CN102621000B CN 102621000 B CN102621000 B CN 102621000B CN 201210084189 CN201210084189 CN 201210084189 CN 201210084189 A CN201210084189 A CN 201210084189A CN 102621000 B CN102621000 B CN 102621000B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a true triaxial pressure device capable of realizing hydraulic fracturing test. A lower opening of a self-balancing pressure cylinder is sealed by a bottom cover and fixed by a bottom cover fixing part, an upper opening of the self-balancing pressure cylinder is sealed by a top cover and fixed by a top cover fixing part, a positioning part is fixed onto the bottom cover, apressure-bearing part and a test sample are arranged on the fixing parts, deformation measuring parts are arranged on the pressure-bearing part and the test sample, a hoisting ring and a high-pressure valve are arranged above the top cover, a pair of multistage self-balancing pistons and a pair of single-stage self-balancing pistons are sequentially arranged in the middle of the pressure cylinderand fixedly sealed by multistage side end covers and single-stage side end covers respectively, the multistage self-balancing pistons share a shaft, the single-stage self-balancing pistons share a shaft, and the two shafts are orthogonal on the same horizontal plane. The functions of the hydraulic fracturing test and conventional true triaxial compression test can be switched, environmental oil pressure is higher than hydraulic pressure needed by fracturing of the test sample when the hydraulic fracturing test is made, sealing is facilitated, water is prevented from being mixed into an oil way, and hydraulic cutting is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the test unit field, more specifically relate to a kind of true triaxial pressure device of realizing the hydrofracturing test, this device can not only be finished conventional true three axial compression contracting Experiments of Machanics, also can be used for simulation sample waterfrac treatment process under the true three axial compression ambient stresses in stratum simultaneously.
Background technology
Hydrofracturing claims waterfrac treatment again, is by fracturing unit the high viscosity fracturing liquid to be clamp-oned the stratum, causes new or enlarges the once visited place stressor layer, thereby improve the perviousness on stratum around the wellhole, improves oil-gas mining and extracts output.The hydrofracturing technology is used widely in exploitation fields such as oil, coal-seam gas, shale gas and underground heat.In order to reach best hydrofracturing result, then need to understand the mechanism that the crack produces and develops in rock mass.Therefore, it is then extremely important to realize controlling in the reservoir stress environment hydrofracturing experiment.
Because rock mass generally is in (namely three direction stress do not wait) under the true triaxial stress state in the earth's crust, realize that so the hydrofracturing experiment then must true three chargers.At present, true three loadings of main flow are divided into two kinds: one is all to adopt the rigidity of jack type to load on three directions, and another then is that two directions are that rigidity loads and the flexibility loading that direction is hydraulic environment.In the waterfrac treatment experiment, water pressure is usually greater than 30MPa, and for open true three loading structures, so big water pressure can form the waterpower cutting after cutting brokenly rock sample, might bring the harm that is difficult to expect, therefore three direction rigidity load and are not suitable for finishing this type of experiment; Have true three chargers of second class of hydraulic environment owing to adopt the self-equilibrating piston, the least principal stress that its hydraulic environment loads, yet in the hydrofracturing experiment, water pressure needs greater than least principal stress, the waterpower cutting problem that can bring sealing, water to sneak into oil circuit and may exist equally thus.In addition, the true triaxial test device can not cause the waste of device resource because carrying out can not carrying out conventional true triaxial compression test after the complicated improvement as a kind of equipment that involves great expense.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the problems referred to above at existing technology existence, be to provide a kind of true triaxial pressure device of realizing the hydrofracturing test, this pressure apparatus both can overcome conventional true triaxial pressure device can not effectively finish the hydrofracturing experiment, do not lose simultaneously yet and finish the function that conventional true three-axis force is learned experiment, and structure and simplicity of design, the increase that can not bring cost.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of true triaxial pressure device of realizing the hydrofracturing test comprises self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder, bottom, bottom fixture, loam cake, loam cake fixture, keeper, pressure part and deformation measurement spare.The following nozzle of self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder is fixed by the bottom sealing and by the bottom fixture, and the last nozzle of self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder is fixed by the loam cake sealing and by the loam cake fixture; Keeper is fixed on the bottom, and pressure part and sample place on the fixture, and deformation measurement spare is arranged on pressure part and the sample, and described keeper can elevating movement on the axis of self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder; Described true triaxial pressure device also comprises a pair of coaxial single-stage self-equilibrating piston and a pair of coaxial multistage self-equilibrating piston of a pair of single-stage side end cap and a pair of multistage side end cap and difference institute fixing seal thereof, confined space of the inner formation of true triaxial pressure device can be kept the confined pressure environment by oil pressure thus, the two pairs of self-equilibrating pistons are same level quadrature shape and can stretch in the pressure apparatus seal cavity and contact with pressure part, transmit the load of external load device, form true three loadings together with the confined pressure of pressure apparatus.
A pair of multistage self-equilibrating piston on the aforesaid self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder, its loading end area in true triaxial pressure device is consistent with the face area of sample; Form between multistage self-equilibrating piston and self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder and the multistage side end cap and can form three chambeies, be respectively oil pocket, air chamber and switching chamber, thus three guide holes that arrange on the multistage self-equilibrating piston, three chambeies control chamber internal pressure environment that communicates therewith; Multistage self-equilibrating piston exposed area in switching the chamber is consistent with its effective loading end area, and multistage self-equilibrating piston then equals its exposed area in true triaxial pressure device at the oil pocket exposed area and deducts effective loading end area.
Can form two chambeies between single-stage self-equilibrating piston and self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder and the single-stage side end cap as mentioned above be oil pocket and air cavity, thus three guide holes that arrange on the multistage self-equilibrating piston, three chambeies control chamber internal pressure environment that communicates therewith; The exposed area of single-stage self-equilibrating piston in oil pocket is with its exposed area unanimity in true triaxial pressure device.
Aforesaid pressure part comprises a pair of trough pressure-bearing cushion block and a pair of tack pressure-bearing cushion block, transmit the load of a pair of multistage self-equilibrating piston and a pair of single-stage self-equilibrating piston respectively to sample, described sample is rectangle, four vertical faces of sample and horizontal direction contact with pressure part respectively, up and down for the free face and a circle mesopore is set is used for hydrofracturing, trough pressure-bearing cushion block contacts by the post groove with multistage self-equilibrating piston loading end, be furnished with the cushion block O-ring seal in the trough pressure-bearing cushion block post groove, make the loading end that adds multistage self-equilibrating piston not be subjected to the influence of oil pressure in the true triaxial pressure; The loading end undersized of tack pressure-bearing cushion block contacts face size in it with sample, prevent sample deformation after, inconsistent with trough pressure-bearing cushion block; Lid is filled out by silica gel between a pair of tack pressure-bearing cushion block and a pair of trough pressure-bearing cushion block and two free face of sample, thereby make sample be in itself and pressure apparatus oil pressure is isolated.
The upper and lower surface of aforesaid trough pressure-bearing cushion block and tack pressure-bearing cushion block is all being fixed an end and is being propped up for the fixed deformation measuring piece.
Aforesaid deformation measurement spare comprises a pair of axial deformation measuring piece, a pair of lateral deformation measuring piece and a pair of vertical deformation measurement spare, a pair of axial deformation measuring piece prop up respectively in the end of a pair of trough pressure-bearing cushion block top and bottom prop up be used for to measure sample along multistage self-equilibrating the axis of the piston to distortion, a pair of lateral deformation measuring piece prop up respectively in the end of a pair of tack pressure-bearing cushion block top and bottom prop up be used for to measure sample along single-stage self-equilibrating the axis of the piston to distortion, a pair of vertical deformation measurement spare is fixed on the easy on and off face of sample and is used for measuring sample in the distortion of oil pressure loading direction.
Aforesaid keeper, comprise the positioning piston, bottom cover and the orienting sleeve that are arranged on the bottom, described positioning piston is sealingly fastened on the bottom by bottom cover, described orienting sleeve is fixed on the top of bottom, be used for retraining the positioning piston horizontal shift and increase its bending resistance, positioning piston top is provided with location tray, on it side be equipped with the pair of end locating piece be used for to limit sample along single-stage self-equilibrating the axis of the piston to displacement, be provided with heating member in the bottom of location tray.
Aforesaid keeper, sample is being installed and is being applied the pre-load stage, described positioning piston rises to the centering state, it is the up maximum process of positioning piston, sample is placed on the location tray together with pressure part and deformation measurement spare, a pair of trough pressure-bearing cushion block places to be finished on the location tray along the make progress location of sample of multistage self-equilibrating the axis of the piston, finished at sample in location that single-stage self-equilibrating the axis of the piston makes progress by single-stage self-equilibrating piston and pair of end locating piece, implement prestrain after finishing the location of sample, the positioning piston of backing off makes that sample can Free Transform in the subsequent load process.
Aforesaid loam cake is fixed on the self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder by an a pair of fixing watt loam cake fixture of forming, and the loam cake arranged outside has high-pressure valve and suspension ring to be respectively applied to exhaust release and lifting; Aforesaid bottom, be fixed on the self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder by an a pair of down fixing watt bottom fixture of forming, also be provided with pipeline and circuit fairlead at the end, oil circuit and water route can be drawn from the pipeline fairlead by the cutting ferrule sealing bolt, and circuit is then drawn from the circuit fairlead by lead-in wire seal and sealing bolt.
Aforesaid true triaxial pressure device except heating member and lead-in wire seal, is to be formed by metal material processing.
Aforesaid true triaxial pressure device, when carrying out the hydrofracturing experiment, the oil pocket of multistage self-equilibrating piston communicates with true triaxial pressure device inside, the pressure that is oil pocket is consistent with true triaxial pressure device oil pressure, air cavity communicates with outside atmosphere, switch the chamber and then also communicated with atmosphere by bottom upper pipeline fairlead by steel pipe, thereby make the load that applies of multistage self-equilibrating piston equal the load of its transmission; Single-stage self-equilibrating piston, its oil pocket communicates with true triaxial pressure device inside, and single-stage self-equilibrating piston applied pressure adds the pressure of pressure environment for the external pressure of its transmission; Therefore, when a pair of multistage self-equilibrating is lived and the pressure of the sample that is applied to during less than oil pressure, the pressure that oil pressure in the true triaxial pressure device is applied to the sample free face then is intermediate principal stress, because the required hydraulic pressure of fracturing is generally less than intermediate principal stress, so, the hydraulic pressure of the sample mesopore that is applied to makes that less than the oil pressure environment in the true triaxial pressure device mesopore two ends can be easy to also can avoid testing the problem that back water is sneaked into oil circuit and waterpower cutting of destroying simultaneously by a pair of fracturing seal sealing.
Aforesaid true triaxial pressure device, also can be by suitable improvement trough pressure-bearing cushion block or the loading end of tack pressure-bearing cushion block, make it possess the function that the fracturing seal has simultaneously, so, the mesopore of sample can be offered along the different directions of examination rock, is convenient to the hydrofracturing problem of the different boring trends of simulating reality.
Aforesaid true triaxial pressure device, when carrying out the true triaxial compression test of routine, only need switching chamber and pressure apparatus inside are linked to each other, then the load transmitted of a pair of multistage self-equilibrating piston is sample at the suffered partial load of this direction, this partial load and the addition of true triaxial pressure device oil pressure environment then are that sample is at the suffered real load of this direction, this is in single-stage self-equilibrating piston loading principle unanimity, therefore, only need to change the continuous environment that multistage self-equilibrating piston switches the chamber, can realize the switching on the true triaxial pressure apparatus function, make device be fully utilized.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: 1, simple in structure, easy and simple to handle; 2, adopt multistage self-equilibrating piston, can realize the switching on the true triaxial compression test function of hydrofracturing experiment and routine; When 3, carrying out the hydrofracturing experiment, the environment oil pressure is greater than the required hydraulic pressure of sample fracturing, and convenient sealing and anti-sealing are sneaked into oil circuit and waterpower cutting.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of true triaxial pressure device schematic top plan view;
Fig. 2 is a kind of true triaxial pressure device front elevational schematic;
Fig. 3 is a kind of multistage self-equilibrating piston synoptic diagram;
Fig. 4 is a kind of single-stage self-equilibrating piston synoptic diagram.
Among the figure: 1, loam cake; 2, suspension ring; 3, high-pressure valve; On the 4-1, first fixing watt; On the 4-2, second fixing watt; 5, self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder; 6-1, the first multistage self-equilibrating piston; 6-2, the second multistage balance piston; 7-1, the first multistage side end cap; 7-2, the second multistage side end cap; 8-1, the first single-stage self-equilibrating piston; The 8-2 second single-stage self-equilibrating piston; 9-1, the first single-stage side end cap; 9-2, the second single-stage side end cap; 10, bottom; Fixing watt of 11-1, first time; Fixing watt of 11-2, second time; 12, bottom cover; 13, positioning piston; 14, lead-in wire seal; 15, sealing bolt; 16, orienting sleeve; 17, location tray; 18, heating member; 19-1, the first trough pressure-bearing cushion block; 19-2, the second trough pressure-bearing cushion block; 20-1, the first tack pressure-bearing cushion block; 20-2, the second tack pressure-bearing cushion block; 21-1, the first cushion block O-ring seal; 21-2, the second cushion block O-ring seal; 22-1, first end prop up; 22-2, second end prop up; 22-3, the 3rd end prop up; 22-4, the 4th end prop up; 22-5, five terminal prop up; 22-6, the 6th end prop up; 22-7, the 7th end prop up; 22-8, the 8th end prop up; 23-1, the first axial deformation measuring piece; 23-2, the second axial deformation measuring piece; 24-1, the first lateral deformation measuring piece; 24-2, the second lateral deformation measuring piece; 25-1, the first vertical deformation measurement spare; 25-2, the second vertical measuring piece; 26-1, the first cutting ferrule sealing bolt; 26-2, the second cutting ferrule sealing bolt; 27-1, the first end locating piece; 27-2, the second end locating piece; 28-1, the first fracturing seal; 28-2, the second fracturing seal; 29, sample.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a kind of true triaxial pressure device of realizing the hydrofracturing test comprises self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder 5, bottom 10, bottom fixture, loam cake 1, loam cake fixture, keeper, pressure part and deformation measurement spare.The following nozzle of self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder 5 is fixed by bottom 10 sealings and by the bottom fixture, and the last nozzle of self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder 5 is fixed by loam cake 1 sealing and by the loam cake fixture; Keeper is fixed on the bottom 10, and pressure part and sample 29 place on the fixture, and deformation measurement spare is arranged on pressure part and the sample 29, and described keeper can elevating movement on the axis of self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder 5; Described a kind of true triaxial pressure device also comprises the first single-stage side end cap 9-1, the second single-stage side end cap 9-2, the first multistage side end cap 7-1, the second multistage side end cap 7-2 and institute's fixing seal thereof by the first single-stage self-equilibrating piston 8-1, the second single-stage self-equilibrating piston 8-2, two couple of the first multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-1 and the second multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-2 is in the self-equilibrating piston of quadrature, confined space of the inner formation of true triaxial pressure device can be kept the confined pressure environment by oil pressure thus, the two pairs of self-equilibrating pistons can stretch to self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder 5 inner sealing spaces and contact with pressure part, transmit the load of external load device, form true three loadings together with the confined pressure of pressure apparatus.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the sample 29 that aforesaid true triaxial pressure device experimentizes is a rectangle, it contacts with pressure part respectively with four faces of horizontal vertical, and sample 29 upper and lower end faces are the free face, and the center of a pair of free face arranges and penetrates round mesopore for hydrofracturing.
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, the first multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-1 on the aforesaid self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder 5 and the second multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-2, its loading end area in true triaxial pressure device is consistent with the face area of sample 29; Form between the first multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-1 and self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder 5 and the first multistage side end cap 7-1 and can form three chambeies, be respectively oil pocket, air chamber and switching chamber, and these three chambeies are gone up three guide holes that arrange by the first multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-1 respectively and are communicated with pressure apparatus inner space or atmosphere, thereby keep the different pressure environment in each chamber; First multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-1 area in switching the chamber exposure is consistent with its effective loading end area, and the first multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-1 then equals its exposed area in true triaxial pressure device at the oil pocket exposed area and deducts effective loading end area; The second multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-2 is consistent with the above-mentioned feature of the first multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-1.
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 4, can form oil pocket and air cavity between the first single-stage self-equilibrating piston 8-1 and self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder 5 and the first single-stage side end cap 9-1 as mentioned above, these two chambeies communicate with pressure apparatus inner space or atmosphere by two guide holes of the first single-stage self-equilibrating piston 8-1 respectively, thereby keep the different pressure environment in each chamber; The exposed area of the first single-stage self-equilibrating piston 8-1 in this oil pocket is with its exposed area unanimity in true triaxial pressure device; The second single-stage self-equilibrating piston 8-2 is consistent with the first single-stage self-equilibrating piston 8-1 feature.
Aforesaid pressure part comprises the first trough pressure-bearing cushion block 19-1, the second trough pressure-bearing cushion block 19-2, the first tack pressure-bearing cushion block 20-1 and the second tack pressure-bearing cushion block 20-2, wherein the first trough pressure-bearing cushion block 19-1 transmits the load of the first multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-1 to sample 29, both contact by groove, and be furnished with the first cushion block O-ring seal 21-1 and seal, make loading end not be subjected to the influence of oil pressure in the true triaxial pressure device; The second trough pressure-bearing cushion block 19-2 transmits the load of the second multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-2, and both contact by groove, and is furnished with the second cushion block O-ring seal 21-2 and seals, and makes loading end not be subjected to the influence of oil pressure in the true triaxial pressure device; The first tack pressure-bearing cushion block 20-1 and the second tack pressure-bearing cushion block 20-2 transmit the load of the first single-stage self-equilibrating piston 8-1 and the second single-stage self-equilibrating piston 8-2 respectively, both loading end undersized are in the size of itself and sample 29 surface of contact, after preventing sample 29 distortion, inconsistent with the first trough pressure-bearing cushion block 19-1, the second trough pressure-bearing cushion block 19-2; Between the first trough pressure-bearing cushion block 19-1, the second trough pressure-bearing cushion block 19-2, the first tack pressure-bearing cushion block 20-1 and the second tack pressure-bearing cushion block 20-2 and two Free Surfaces of sample 29 fill out lid by silica gel, thereby make sample 29 be in itself and pressure apparatus oil pressure are isolated.
The aforesaid first trough pressure-bearing cushion block 19-1 top and bottom are fixing that first end props up 22-1 and second end props up 22-2, the second trough pressure-bearing cushion block 19-2 top and bottom are fixing that the 3rd end props up 22-3 and the 4th end props up 22-4, the first tack pressure-bearing cushion block 20-1 top and bottom are fixing that five terminal props up 22-5 and the 6th end props up 22-6, and the second tack pressure-bearing cushion block 20-2 top and bottom are fixing that the 7th end props up 22-7 and the 8th end props up 22-8.
Aforesaid deformation measurement spare comprises the first axial deformation measuring piece 23-1, the second axial deformation measuring piece 23-2, the first lateral deformation measuring piece 24-1, the second lateral deformation measuring piece 24-2, the first vertical deformation measurement spare 25-1 and the second vertical deformation measurement spare 25-2; The first axial deformation measuring piece 23-1 props up in first end and props up 22-1 and the 3rd end props up between the 22-3, the second axial deformation measuring piece 23-2 props up in second end and props up 22-2 and the 4th end props up between the 22-4, and both measure the strain of the first multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-1 loading direction sample 29 jointly; The first lateral deformation measuring piece 24-1 props up in five terminal and props up 22-5 and the 7th end props up between the 22-7, the second lateral deformation measuring piece 24-2 props up in the 6th end and props up 22-6 and the 8th end props up between the 22-8, and both measure the strain of the first single-stage self-equilibrating piston 8-1 loading direction sample 29 jointly; The first vertical deformation measurement spare 25-1 and the second vertical measuring piece 25-2 are fixed on the easy on and off surface of sample 29, measure sample 29 jointly in the strain of oil pressure loading direction.
Aforesaid keeper, comprise the positioning piston 13 that is arranged on the bottom 10, bottom cover 12 and orienting sleeve 16, described positioning piston 13 is sealingly fastened on the bottom 10 by bottom cover 12, described orienting sleeve 16 is fixed on the top of bottom 10, be used for retraining positioning piston 13 horizontal shifts and increase its bending resistance, positioning piston 13 tops are provided with location tray 17, side is equipped with the first end locating piece 27-1 and the second end locating piece 27-2 and is used for limiting sample 29 in the displacement of the first single-stage self-equilibrating piston 8-1 direction on it, is provided with heating member 18 in the bottom of location tray 17.
Aforesaid keeper, sample 29 is being installed and is being applied the pre-load stage, described positioning piston 13 rises to the centering state, it is the up maximum process of positioning piston 13, sample 29 is placed on the location tray 17 together with pressure part and deformation measurement spare, the first trough pressure-bearing cushion block 19-1 and the second trough pressure-bearing cushion block 19-2 place the location of finishing on the location tray 17 along the sample 29 of the first multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-1 on axially, by the first single-stage self-equilibrating piston 8-1 and the first end locating piece 27-1, the second end locating piece 27-2 finishes the location on sample 29 is axial along the first single-stage self-equilibrating piston 8-1, implement prestrain after finishing the location of sample 29, the positioning piston 13 of backing off makes that sample 29 can Free Transform in the subsequent load process.
Aforesaid loam cake 1, the loam cake fixture of being made up of fixing watt 4-2 on the fixing watt 4-1 and second on first is fixed on the self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder 5, and loam cake 1 arranged outside has high-pressure valve 3 and suspension ring 2 to be respectively applied to exhaust release and lifting; Aforesaid bottom 10, the bottom fixture of being made up of first time fixing watt 11-1 and second time fixing watt 11-2 is fixed on the self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder 5, also be provided with pipeline and circuit fairlead on the bottom 5, oil circuit and water route can be drawn from the pipeline fairlead by the cutting ferrule sealing bolt, and circuit is then drawn from the circuit fairlead by lead-in wire seal 15 and sealing bolt.
Shown in Fig. 3 and 4, aforesaid true triaxial pressure device, when carrying out the hydrofracturing experiment, the oil pocket of the first multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-1 communicates with true triaxial pressure device inside, the pressure that is oil pocket is consistent with true triaxial pressure device oil pressure, air cavity communicates with outside atmosphere, switching the chamber then communicates with atmosphere by bottom 10 upper pipeline fairleads by the steel pipe of being drawn by the first cutting ferrule sealing bolt 26-1, thereby the load that applies that guarantees the first multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-1 equals the load of its transmission, and the second multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-2 also is like this; The first single-stage self-equilibrating piston 8-1, thus direct the communicating with true triaxial pressure device inside of its oil pocket makes pressure consistent, and the first single-stage self-equilibrating piston 8-1 applied pressure adds the pressure of pressure environment for the external pressure of its transmission; So, when by the stress of the first multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-1 and the second multistage self-equilibrating piston sample that 6-2 is applied to 29 during less than oil pressure, the pressure that oil pressure in the true triaxial pressure device is applied to sample 29 free face is intermediate principal stress, because of the required hydraulic pressure of fracturing generally greater than least principal stress less than intermediate principal stress, so, the hydraulic pressure of the sample that is applied to 29 mesopores less than the oil pressure environment in the true triaxial pressure device, make that mesopore can be easy to be sealed by the first fracturing seal 28-1 and the second fracturing seal 28-2, also can avoid testing the problem that back water is sneaked into oil circuit and waterpower cutting of destroying simultaneously.
Aforesaid true triaxial pressure device except heating member and lead-in wire seal, is to be formed by metal material processing.
Aforesaid true triaxial pressure device, also can be by the loading end of the suitable improvement first trough pressure-bearing cushion block 19-1 and the second trough pressure-bearing cushion block 19-2 or the first tack pressure-bearing cushion block 20-1 and the second tack pressure-bearing cushion block 20-2, make it possess the function that the first fracturing seal 28-1 has simultaneously, so, the mesopore of sample 29 can be parallel to the first trough pressure-bearing cushion block 19-1 or the first tack pressure-bearing cushion block 20-1 loading direction, be convenient to simulate different borings walk to the hydrofracturing problem.
Aforesaid true triaxial pressure device, when carrying out the true triaxial compression test of routine, only the switching chamber need be changed into pressure apparatus inside from communicating with outside atmosphere and communicating, then the load of transmitting of the first multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-1 and the second multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-2 is sample 29 at the suffered partial load of this direction, this partial load and true triaxial pressure device oil pressure environment addition survey for sample 29 at the suffered real load of this direction, this loading principle with the first single-stage self-equilibrating piston 8-1 is consistent.
Aforesaid true triaxial pressure device, only needs change the connection environment in the switching chamber of the first multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-1 and the second multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-2, can realize the switching on the true triaxial pressure apparatus function, make device be fully utilized.
Specific embodiment described herein only is that the present invention's spirit is illustrated.Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or replenish or adopt similar mode to substitute described specific embodiment, but can't depart from spirit of the present invention or surmount the defined scope of appended claims.
Although this paper has used loam cake 1 morely, suspension ring 2, high-pressure valve 3, fixing watt 4-1 on first, fixing watt 4-2 on second, self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder 5, the first multistage self-equilibrating piston 6-1, the second multistage balance piston 6-2, the first multistage side end cap 7-1, the second multistage side end cap 7-2, the first single-stage self-equilibrating piston 8-1, the second single-stage self-equilibrating piston 8-2, the first single-stage side end cap 9-1, the second single-stage side end cap 9-2, bottom 10, first time fixing watt 11-1, second time fixing watt 11-2, bottom cover 12, positioning piston 13, lead-in wire seal 14, sealing bolt 15, orienting sleeve 16, location tray 17, heating member 18, the first trough pressure-bearing cushion block 19-1, the second trough pressure-bearing cushion block 19-2, the first tack pressure-bearing cushion block 20-1, the second tack pressure-bearing cushion block 20-2, the first cushion block O-ring seal 21-1, the second cushion block O-ring seal 21-2, first end props up 22-1, second end props up 22-2, the 3rd end props up 22-3, the 4th end props up 22-4, five terminal props up 22-5, the 6th end props up 22-6, the 7th end props up 22-7, the 8th end props up 22-8, the first axial deformation measuring piece 23-1, the second axial deformation measuring piece 23-2, the first lateral deformation measuring piece 24-1, the second lateral deformation measuring piece 24-2, the first vertical deformation measurement spare 25-1, the second vertical deformation measurement spare 25-2, the first cutting ferrule sealing bolt 26-1, the second cutting ferrule sealing bolt 26-2, the first end locating piece 27-1, the second end locating piece 27-2, the first fracturing seal 28-1, the second fracturing seal 28-2 and sample 29, but do not get rid of the possibility of using other term.Using these terms only is in order to describe and explain essence of the present invention more easily; They are construed to any additional restriction all is contrary with spirit of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the true triaxial pressure device that can realize hydrofracturing test, comprise self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder (5), bottom (10), the bottom fixture, loam cake (1), the loam cake fixture, keeper, pressure part and deformation measurement spare, the following nozzle of self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder (5) is fixed by bottom (10) sealing and by the bottom fixture, the last nozzle of self-equilibrating pressure measuring cylinder (5) is fixed by loam cake (1) sealing and by the loam cake fixture, keeper is fixed on the bottom (10), pressure part and sample (29) place on the keeper, deformation measurement spare is arranged on pressure part and the sample (29), loam cake (1) top arranges suspension ring (2) and high-pressure valve (3), it is characterized in that: described pressure measuring cylinder (5) middle part sets gradually the first multistage self-equilibrating piston (6-1), the second multistage self-equilibrating piston (6-2) and the first single-stage self-equilibrating piston (8-1) and the second single-stage self-equilibrating piston (8-2), and respectively by the first multistage side end cap (7-1), the second multistage side end cap (7-2), the first single-stage side end cap (9-1) and second single-stage side end cap (9-2) fixing seal, the first multistage self-equilibrating piston (6-1) and the second multistage self-equilibrating piston (6-2) are coaxial, the first single-stage self-equilibrating piston (8-1) and the second single-stage self-equilibrating piston (8-2) are coaxial, diaxon is at same horizontal quadrature, described pressure part comprises the first trough pressure-bearing cushion block (19-1), the second trough pressure-bearing cushion block (19-2), the first tack pressure-bearing cushion block (20-1) and the second tack pressure-bearing cushion block (20-2), the first trough pressure-bearing cushion block (19-1) and second trough pressure-bearing cushion block (19-2) compression end are equipped with a post groove, and post groove inside is respectively equipped with the first cushion block O-ring seal (21-2) and the second cushion block O-ring seal (21-2).
2. a kind of true triaxial pressure device of realizing hydrofracturing test according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the inner face of the described first multistage self-equilibrating piston (6-1) and the second multistage self-equilibrating piston (6-2) is respectively equipped with also fixing stainless-steel tube of the first cutting ferrule sealing bolt (26-1) and the second cutting ferrule sealing bolt (26-2).
3. a kind of true triaxial pressure device of realizing hydrofracturing test according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: circular hole is set in the middle of the described sample (29), circular hole one end is by the sealing of the first fracturing seal (28-1), and the other end is by the sealing of the second fracturing seal (28-2).
4. a kind of true triaxial pressure device of realizing hydrofracturing test according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described deformation measurement spare comprises the first axial deformation measuring piece (23-1), the second axial deformation measuring piece (23-2), the first lateral deformation measuring piece (24-1), the second lateral deformation measuring piece (24-2), the first vertical deformation measurement spare (25-1) and the second vertical measuring piece (25-2).
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103471923B (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-04-08 | 中国地震局地壳应力研究所 | Rapid testing machine for multi-diameter rock core hydraulic fracturing tensile strength |
| CN103592186A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-02-19 | 重庆大学 | Device and experimental method for researching shale hydraulic-fracturing damage evolution under true triaxial loading condition |
| CN104614497B (en) | 2015-03-09 | 2016-04-20 | 中国矿业大学 | True triaxial stream pressure fracturing, slot, seepage flow, gas drive integrated experimental system |
| CN106872330A (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-06-20 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | True triaxial test method and system |
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| CN102031954A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2011-04-27 | 河南理工大学 | Coal and rock bore hydraulic fracture experimental apparatus |
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| JPH10281955A (en) * | 1997-04-01 | 1998-10-23 | Mitsui Constr Co Ltd | Three-axis compression tester |
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| FR2649202A1 (en) * | 1989-06-29 | 1991-01-04 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Device for applying three-dimensional (triaxial) stresses on a sample of material |
| CN2451720Y (en) * | 2000-10-30 | 2001-10-03 | 西南石油学院 | Double-stroke hydraulic pressure device |
| CN2643300Y (en) * | 2003-04-21 | 2004-09-22 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | Small-aperture hydrofracturing ground stress test unit |
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