CN103592186A - Device and experimental method for researching shale hydraulic-fracturing damage evolution under true triaxial loading condition - Google Patents
Device and experimental method for researching shale hydraulic-fracturing damage evolution under true triaxial loading condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and an experimental method for researching shale hydraulic-fracturing damage evolution under the true triaxial loading condition. The device comprises a true triaxial loading system, a hydraulic-fracturing system, a deformation test system and a sound emission monitoring system. The true triaxial loading system is used for simulating a true triaxial stress state of a shale test piece. The hydraulic-fracturing system is used for applying different hydrostatic pressures to the shale test piece. The deformation test system is used for testing transverse and axial deformation of the shale test piece in fracturing. The sound emission monitoring system is used for monitoring shale test piece crack growth sound emission characteristics, plane and three-dimensional damage location and crack evolution in hydraulic fracturing under the true triaxial loading condition. The device and the experimental method can realize monitoring on shale test piece crack growth sound emission characteristics, plane and three-dimensional damage location and crack evolution in hydraulic fracturing under the true triaxial loading condition, and can simulate crack growth rules of the shale under conditions of different stress, different fracture apertures and true triaxial loading.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to shale gas production technique field, be specifically related to shale waterfrac treatment damage evolution device and experimental technique under a kind of true three axle stress conditions.
Background technology
Along with the sustained and rapid development of national economy, China increases day by day to the demand of the energy, and the situation of domestic energy resources shortage is also more and more serious.The interdependency of China's natural gas import increases year by year, annual inlet natural gas 31,000,000,000 m in 2011
3, annual inlet natural gas 44,000,000,000 m in 2012
3, than 2011, increase by 40%.In order to solve the tense situation of the energy, country will give priority to unconventional rock gas and other new forms of energy in " 12 " ENERGY PLANNING.
The U.S. is the country that the most successfully realizes a large amount of business exploitations of shale gas at present, and within 2011, its shale gas output has reached 1,800 hundred million m
334% of ，Zhan U.S. gas production, estimates that U.S.'s shale gas output in 2015 will reach 2800 billion cubic meters.The rich organic shale of China is widely distributed, southern area, North China and Tarim Basin In Xinjiang etc. are grown marine facies shale, North China, the Junggar Basin, tell and breathe out basin, Ordos Basin, Bohai gulf basin and loose distant basin etc. and grow terrestrial facies shale, shale gas mining resources amount is about 25,000,000,000,000 m
3, surpass conventional gas resource.It was developed in the starting stage, but also obtained preliminary progress, studied and divided the favourable prospective area of shale gas resource, tentatively having found out the rich organic shale in Favorable Areas distributes, determine main force's series of strata, set up shale gas favo(u)rable target district preferred standard, optimized a collection of shale gas enrichment Favorable Areas.In shale gas " 12 " planning, explicitly call for " advancing the unconventional petroleum resourceses such as shale gas to develop ", by 2015, estimate that shale gas output reaches 6,500,000,000 m
3it completes national shale gas resource potential investigation and evaluates; grasp shale gas resource potential and distribution; optimize He Li target area, a collection of shale gas prospective area, build up a collection of shale gas exploratory development district, tentatively accomplish scale production; forming one is national shale gas technical standard and standard; the shale gas industry policy system of Erecting and improving, is the fast-developing establish a firm foundation of " 13 " shale gas, and planning the year two thousand twenty shale gas total production is 60,000,000,000 m
3to 1,000 hundred million m
3.
Shale gas is mainly composed and is existed in shale reservoir with ADSORPTION STATE and free state, and adsorbed state accounts for 20%-85%, and due to the typical low porosity and low permeability feature of shale gas reservoir reservoir tool, factor of porosity is generally 4%～6%, and permeability is less than 0.001 * 10
-3μ m
2, so the exploitation of shale gas must be carried out reservoir fracturing and anatonosis transformation, the current main permeability that adopts hydraulic fracturing technology to improve shale both at home and abroad.
The underground shale reservoir buried depth containing shale gas is in 2000 meters of left and right, terrestrial stress is up to 50MPa left and right, and rock mass stress is in true three Spindle Status, hydrostatic force is up to 10MPa, therefore study particularly necessity of shale waterfrac treatment Crack Extension under true three axle stress conditions, damage evolution device, the analogue means of this respect is developed seldom both at home and abroad at present.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of this invention is to provide shale waterfrac treatment damage evolution device under a kind of true three axle stress conditions, shale waterfrac treatment Crack Extension mechanism under energy simulates real three axle conditions; Can monitor the evolutionary process of characteristics of Acoustic Emission, plane and Three-dimensional damage location and the crackle of shale waterfrac treatment Crack Extension under true three axle conditions; Can simulate Crack Extension feature under different stress, different hydraulic condition.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Under three axle stress conditions, a shale waterfrac treatment damage evolution device, comprises true three axle loading systems, waterfrac treatment system, deformation test system and acoustic emission monitoring system; Described true three axle loading systems are for simulating the true Three-phase stress state of shale test specimen; Described waterfrac treatment system is for applying different hydrostatic forces to shale test specimen; Described deformation test system is for testing shale test specimen in horizontal, the axial distortion of fracturing process; Described acoustic emission monitoring system is for monitoring the evolutionary process of characteristics of Acoustic Emission, plane and Three-dimensional damage location and the crackle of shale test specimen Crack Extension when waterfrac treatment under true three axle stress conditions;
Further, described true three axle loading systems comprise shale test specimen are carried out to the rock mechanics test macro of vertical direction loading, small-sized actuator and the bearing plate that shale test specimen two horizontal directions is carried out to level loading;
Further, described rock mechanics test macro is MTS815 rock mechanics test macro;
Further, described waterfrac treatment system comprises high precision piston pump and pressure break pipe;
Further, described deformation test system comprises and is arranged on three high accuracy displacement sensors that are subject on force direction of shale test specimen;
Further, described acoustic emission monitoring system comprise Acoustic radiating instrument, for analyzing the host computer of pressure break data and acoustic emission data and being arranged on the positive Three-dimensional damage alignment sensor with the back side of shale test specimen;
Further, described Three-dimensional damage alignment sensor respectively arranges 4 in shale test specimen front with the back side, and is symmetrical arranged.
The invention also discloses the test method that under a kind of true three axle stress conditions, shale waterfrac treatment damage is developed and tested, comprise the steps:
(1) test specimen processing: the shale piece that scene is fetched is made as cube at rock sample Processing Room, then at test specimen centre drill hydraulic pressure ceasma;
(2) pressure break pipe is put into the hydraulic pressure ceasma of test specimen, then in hole, injected hardening agent and epoxy resin, allow pressure break pipe and test specimen tube wall firm pasting, reach sealing effectiveness;
(3) test specimen is put into true three axle loading systems, pressure break pipeline is connected with piston pump, pastes calibrate AE sensor on bearing plate, and connects with Acoustic radiating instrument, then to test specimen, applies certain horizontal stress and axial stress;
(4) open Acoustic radiating instrument, set data and the figure of acoustic emission parameters, required collection, such as the three-dimensional space position of threshold, velocity of wave, sampling rate, sensor;
(5) start piston pump, to test specimen, add hydrostatic force, hydraulic pressure slowly raises, flow and the flow velocity of monitoring piston pump injected water, and when adding hydraulic pressure, the characteristics of Acoustic Emission in monitoring test specimen fracturing process, plane damage location, Three-dimensional damage location etc.;
(6) after experiment pressure break finishes, observe destructive characteristics and the direction in pressure break hole, and take pictures;
(7) analyze pressure break data and acoustic emission data.
Further, the cube in described step (1) is of a size of 100mm * 100mm * 200mm, and the hydraulic pressure ceasma diameter in described step (1) is the cylindrical hole of φ 30mm * 120mm, two kinds of specifications of φ 20mm * 120mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: device of the present invention and test method, can monitor the characteristics of Acoustic Emission, plane of shale waterfrac treatment Crack Extension under true three axle conditions and the evolutionary process of Three-dimensional damage location and crackle; The crack propagation law of different stress, different pressure breaks aperture shale under energy simulates real three axle conditions.
Other advantages of the present invention, target and feature will be set forth to a certain extent in the following description, and to a certain extent, based on will be apparent to those skilled in the art to investigating below, or can be instructed from the practice of the present invention.Target of the present invention and other advantages can be realized and be obtained by instructions below.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, wherein:
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention front elevational schematic;
Fig. 2 is apparatus of the present invention schematic top plan view.
Embodiment
Hereinafter with reference to accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.Should be appreciated that preferred embodiment is only for the present invention is described, rather than in order to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in the figure, under a kind of true three axle stress conditions, shale waterfrac treatment damage evolution device, comprises true three axle loading systems, waterfrac treatment system, deformation test system and acoustic emission monitoring system; Described true three axle loading systems are for simulating the true Three-phase stress state of shale test specimen 1; Described waterfrac treatment system is for applying different hydrostatic forces to shale test specimen; Described deformation test system is for testing the distortion of three directions of shale test specimen; Described acoustic emission monitoring system is for monitoring the evolutionary process of characteristics of Acoustic Emission, plane and Three-dimensional damage location and the crackle of shale test specimen waterfrac treatment Crack Extension under true three axle stress conditions.
In the present embodiment, by device of the present invention, can monitor the evolutionary process of characteristics of Acoustic Emission, plane and Three-dimensional damage location and the crackle of shale waterfrac treatment Crack Extension under true three axle conditions; The crack propagation law of different stress, different pressure breaks aperture shale under energy simulates real three axle conditions.
In the present embodiment, described true three axle loading systems comprise carries out the rock mechanics test macro 2 of vertical direction loading, small-sized actuator 3 and the bearing plate 4 that shale test specimen two horizontal directions is carried out to level loading to shale test specimen.
In the present embodiment, described rock mechanics test macro is MTS815 rock mechanics test macro.
In the present embodiment, described waterfrac treatment system comprises high precision piston pump 5 and pressure break pipe 6, and described pressure break pipe is UHV (ultra-high voltage) water pipe.
In the present embodiment, described deformation test system comprises and is arranged on three high accuracy displacement sensors that are subject on force direction of shale test specimen.
In the present embodiment, described acoustic emission monitoring system comprises Acoustic radiating instrument 7, for analyzing the host computer 8 of pressure break data and acoustic emission data and being arranged on the positive Three-dimensional damage alignment sensor 9 with the back side of shale test specimen.
In the present embodiment, described Three-dimensional damage alignment sensor respectively arranges four in shale test specimen front with the back side, and for being symmetrical arranged.
Utilize the present embodiment device to carry out the test method that under true three axle stress conditions, shale waterfrac treatment damage is developed and tested, comprise the steps:
(1) test specimen processing: the shale piece that scene is fetched is made as cube at rock sample Processing Room, then at test specimen centre drill hydraulic pressure ceasma 10, cube in this step is of a size of 100mm * 100mm * 200mm, and hydraulic pressure ceasma is the cylindrical hole of upper and lower φ 30mm * 120mm, two kinds of specifications of φ 20mm * 120mm;
(2) pressure break pipe is put into the hydraulic pressure ceasma of test specimen, then in hole, injected hardening agent and epoxy resin, allow pressure break pipe and test specimen tube wall firm pasting, reach sealing effectiveness;
(3) test specimen is put into true three axle loading systems, pressure break pipeline is connected with piston pump, pastes calibrate AE sensor on bearing plate, and connects with Acoustic radiating instrument, then to test specimen, applies certain horizontal stress and axial stress;
(4) open Acoustic radiating instrument, set data and the figure of acoustic emission parameters, required collection, such as the three-dimensional space position of threshold, velocity of wave, sampling rate, sensor;
(5) start piston pump, to test specimen, add hydrostatic force, hydraulic pressure slowly raises, flow and the flow velocity of monitoring piston pump injected water, and when adding hydraulic pressure, the characteristics of Acoustic Emission in monitoring test specimen fracturing process, plane damage location, Three-dimensional damage location etc.;
(6) after experiment pressure break finishes, observe destructive characteristics and the direction in pressure break hole, and take pictures;
(7) analyze pressure break data and acoustic emission data.
Finally explanation is, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not departing from aim and the scope of the technical program, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a shale waterfrac treatment damage evolution device under true three axle stress conditions, is characterized in that: comprise true three axle loading systems, waterfrac treatment system, deformation test system and acoustic emission monitoring system; Described true three axle loading systems are for simulating the true Three-phase stress state of shale test specimen; Described waterfrac treatment system is for applying different hydrostatic forces to shale test specimen; Described deformation test system is for testing shale test specimen in horizontal, the axial distortion of fracturing process; Described acoustic emission monitoring system is for monitoring the evolutionary process of characteristics of Acoustic Emission, plane and Three-dimensional damage location and the crackle of shale test specimen Crack Extension when waterfrac treatment under true three axle stress conditions.
2. shale waterfrac treatment damage evolution device under true three axle stress conditions according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described true three axle loading systems comprise carries out the rock mechanics test macro of vertical direction loading, small-sized actuator and the bearing plate that shale test specimen two horizontal directions is carried out to level loading to shale test specimen.
3. shale waterfrac treatment damage evolution device under true three axle stress conditions according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described rock mechanics test macro is MTS815 rock mechanics test macro.
4. shale waterfrac treatment damage evolution device under true three axle stress conditions according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described waterfrac treatment system comprises high precision piston pump and pressure break pipe.
5. shale waterfrac treatment damage evolution device under true three axle stress conditions according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described deformation test system comprises and is arranged on three high accuracy displacement sensors that are subject on force direction of shale test specimen.
6. shale waterfrac treatment damage evolution device under true three axle stress conditions according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described acoustic emission monitoring system comprises Acoustic radiating instrument, for analyzing the host computer of pressure break data and acoustic emission data and being arranged on the Three-dimensional damage alignment sensor at the positive and back side of shale test specimen.
7. shale waterfrac treatment damage evolution device under true three axle stress conditions according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described Three-dimensional damage alignment sensor respectively arranges 4 in shale test specimen front with the back side, and is symmetrical arranged.
8. utilize the test method that under the true three axle stress conditions described in claim 7, shale waterfrac treatment damage evolution device is tested, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) test specimen processing: the shale piece that scene is fetched is made as cube at rock sample Processing Room, then at test specimen centre drill hydraulic pressure ceasma;
(2) pressure break pipe is put into the hydraulic pressure ceasma of test specimen, then in hole, injected hardening agent and epoxy resin, allow pressure break pipe and test specimen tube wall firm pasting, reach sealing effectiveness;
(3) test specimen is put into true three axle loading systems, pressure break pipeline is connected with piston pump, pastes calibrate AE sensor on bearing plate, and connects with Acoustic radiating instrument, then to test specimen, applies certain horizontal stress and axial stress;
(4) open Acoustic radiating instrument, set data and the figure of acoustic emission parameters, required collection, such as the three-dimensional space position of threshold, velocity of wave, sampling rate, sensor;
(5) start piston pump, to test specimen, add hydraulic pressure, hydraulic pressure slowly raises, flow and the flow velocity of monitoring piston pump injected water, and when adding hydraulic pressure, the characteristics of Acoustic Emission in monitoring test specimen fracturing process, plane damage location, Three-dimensional damage location etc.;
(6) after experiment pressure break finishes, observe destructive characteristics and the direction in pressure break hole, and take pictures;
(7) analyze pressure break data and acoustic emission data.
9. utilize the test method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that: the cube in described step (1) is of a size of 100mm * 100mm * 200mm, the hydraulic pressure ceasma diameter in described step (1) is the cylindrical hole of φ 30mm * 120mm, two kinds of specifications of φ 20mm * 120mm.
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| CN103822823A (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2014-05-28 | 东北大学 | Rock sample preassembling and clamping device used for hard rock true triaxial test |
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| CN105628501A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2016-06-01 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | True triaxial hydraulic fracturing rock mechanical test system |
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| CN105716953A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2016-06-29 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Laboratory simulation test method of circulation pressure-variable fracturing |
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| CN105863596A (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-08-17 | 中国矿业大学 | Ultrasonic wave and hydrofracture compound coal-body fracturing simulation device and method for underground coal mine |
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