CN114278274B - Natural gas hydrate exploitation simulation device and method - Google Patents
Natural gas hydrate exploitation simulation device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114278274B CN114278274B CN202111623033.8A CN202111623033A CN114278274B CN 114278274 B CN114278274 B CN 114278274B CN 202111623033 A CN202111623033 A CN 202111623033A CN 114278274 B CN114278274 B CN 114278274B
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Abstract
The invention is applicable to the technical field of natural gas exploitation simulation equipment, and particularly relates to a natural gas hydrate exploitation simulation device and method, wherein the device comprises the following components: the device comprises an air injection unit, a temperature control unit, a reaction unit, an outlet control unit and a data processing unit, wherein the air injection unit is communicated with the reaction unit, the reaction unit is arranged in the temperature control unit, the temperature control unit is used for controlling the reaction conditions of the reaction unit, the outlet control unit is connected with the reaction unit, and the data processing unit is connected with the air injection unit, the temperature control unit, the reaction unit and the outlet control unit and used for data acquisition and data processing. According to the invention, under the characteristic of truly simulating a natural gas hydrate reservoir, a one-dimensional large-scale natural gas hydrate exploitation experiment can be performed, exploitation evaluation can be performed on the methods of depressurization, N2 purging, replacement and the like, the exploitation efficiency and economy of a specific hydrate stratum can be examined by various exploitation methods, and a reliable scheme and technical guidance are provided for the commercial exploitation of the natural gas hydrate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of natural gas exploitation simulation equipment, and particularly relates to a natural gas hydrate exploitation simulation device and method.
Background
Currently, the natural gas hydrate exploitation methods mainly comprise a depressurization method, a heat injection method, a chemical inhibitor injection method, a displacement method and the like, and are applied to field trial exploitation. The pressure reduction, heat injection and chemical inhibitor injection methods are used for artificially breaking the temperature and pressure balance conditions of the natural gas hydrate, so that the natural gas hydrate is decomposed, and then natural gas is produced to the ground; the displacement method is to displace the natural gas in the natural gas hydrate by carbon dioxide to obtain the carbon dioxide hydrate and the natural gas, thereby realizing the exploitation of the natural gas.
Aiming at various hydrate exploitation methods, a certain simulation experiment device is needed to evaluate the exploitation effect of the specific hydrate reservoir, and theoretical and technical support is provided for field exploitation and commercial exploitation.
At present, most of domestic natural gas hydrate exploitation experimental devices are transverse, one-dimensional and small-scale three-dimensional experimental devices, and when in hydrate exploitation experiments, only partial and short-distance hydrate exploitation conditions can be reflected, and the conditions of changes such as exploitation efficiency, effect and the like along with the increase of exploitation radius cannot be examined, so that the selection of effective, economic and safe methods for exploitation of hydrates in the field under a large scale is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a natural gas hydrate exploitation simulation device and aims to solve the problem in the third part of the background technology.
The embodiment of the invention is realized in that the device comprises: the gas injection unit is communicated with the reaction unit and is used for conveying reaction gas to the reaction unit and controlling the flow and pressure of the injected gas, the reaction unit is arranged in the temperature control unit and is used for controlling the reaction conditions of the reaction unit, the reaction unit is used for simulating the stratum environment of hydrate, the outlet control unit is connected with the reaction unit and is used for controlling the output pressure of gas and water which are simulated to be extracted and collecting the extracted gas, and the data processing unit is connected with the gas injection unit, the temperature control unit, the reaction unit and the outlet control unit and is used for data acquisition and data processing.
Preferably, the gas injection unit comprises a CH4 gas cylinder, a first pressure reducing valve, a CO2 gas cylinder, a second pressure reducing valve, an N2 gas cylinder, a third pressure reducing valve, a first stop valve, a constant pressure constant flow pump, a second stop valve, a third stop valve, a first piston tank, a second piston tank, a fourth stop valve, a fifth stop valve, a sixth stop valve, a seventh stop valve and a main pipeline, wherein the CH4 gas cylinder, the CO2 gas cylinder and the N2 gas cylinder are respectively communicated with the main pipeline through the first pressure reducing valve, the second pressure reducing valve and the third pressure reducing valve, the constant pressure constant flow pump is respectively connected with the first piston tank and the second piston tank through the second stop valve and the third stop valve, the first piston tank and the second piston tank are respectively connected with the main pipeline through the fifth stop valve and the fourth stop valve, the first stop valve and the sixth stop valve are respectively arranged on two sides of the connection part of the fifth stop valve and the fourth stop valve and the main pipeline, the first stop valve is positioned on one side close to the CH4 gas cylinder, and the main pipeline is connected with the reaction unit; the reaction unit is a one-dimensional reaction kettle, the one-dimensional reaction kettle is connected with the main pipeline, the temperature control unit is low-temperature water bath equipment, and the one-dimensional reaction kettle is arranged in the low-temperature water bath equipment.
Preferably, the one-dimensional reaction kettle comprises a first-stage reaction kettle, a middle-stage reaction kettle and a tail-stage reaction kettle, wherein the middle-stage reaction kettle at least comprises one stage, the first-stage reaction kettle, the middle-stage reaction kettle and the tail-stage reaction kettle are connected through ball valves, and the first-stage reaction kettle, the middle-stage reaction kettle and the tail-stage reaction kettle are all provided with a gas injection port, a temperature and pressure monitoring control and a gas outlet.
Preferably, one end of the first-stage reaction kettle is connected with the main pipeline, all gas injection ports are connected with the gas injection unit, and one end of the tail-stage reaction kettle, which is far away from the middle-stage reaction kettle, is connected with the outlet control unit.
Preferably, the pressure resistance of the one-dimensional reaction kettle ranges from 0 Mpa to 35Mpa.
Preferably, the outlet control unit comprises a seventh stop valve, a gas-liquid separator, a dryer, a back pressure valve, a mass flowmeter, an eighth stop valve, a ninth stop valve and an air storage tank, wherein the seventh stop valve, the gas-liquid separator, the dryer, the back pressure valve, the mass flowmeter, the ninth stop valve and the air storage tank are sequentially connected in series, and the gas-liquid separator is connected with the reaction unit.
It is another object of an embodiment of the present invention to provide a method for simulating the production of natural gas hydrates, the method comprising:
preparation of hydrate before synthesis: connecting a simulation medium one-dimensional reaction kettle mixed with a certain amount of distilled water with each section of reaction kettle through a ball valve and installing detection equipment; closing a ball valve among each section of reaction kettle, and carrying out N2 pressure measurement and vacuumizing treatment on each section of reaction kettle;
synthesis of hydrate: putting the one-dimensional reaction kettle into a low-temperature water bath, keeping the ball valve closed, injecting CH4 gas with the same pressure into each section of reaction kettle, performing constant volume synthesis, and calculating the synthesis amount of the hydrate according to the temperature and pressure change of the single section of reaction kettle before and after the hydrate synthesis;
hydrate simulated exploitation: opening ball valves among the reaction kettles at each section to stabilize the pressure of the one-dimensional reaction kettles, and then carrying out a depressurization exploitation test, an N2 gas purging exploitation test and a displacement exploitation test;
evaluation of mining effect: after the exploitation experiment is finished, the ball valve between each section of reaction kettle is closed, and then exploitation effect evaluation is carried out for various exploitation methods.
Preferably, the step of hydrate simulated exploitation specifically comprises the following steps:
depressurization exploitation experiment: adjusting the pressure of an outlet control unit, and setting experimental pressure to perform depressurization exploitation;
n2 gas purging exploitation: regulating the pressure of the outlet control unit to the stratum pressure, injecting nitrogen into the one-dimensional reaction kettles at constant pressure or constant flow rate through the gas injection unit, and taking gas from each single-stage reaction kettle at fixed time in the exploitation process;
displacement exploitation experiment: the pressure of the outlet control unit is regulated, liquid CO2, gaseous CO2 or CO2-N2 mixed gas is injected into the one-dimensional reaction kettle at constant pressure or constant flow through the gas injection unit, and gas extraction is carried out through the single-stage reaction kettle at fixed time in the exploitation process.
Preferably, the step of evaluating the mining effect specifically includes:
depressurization exploitation: after the exploitation experiment is finished, raising the temperature of the water bath, heating and decomposing the hydrate in each section of reaction kettle, calculating the residual hydrate amount according to the temperature and pressure conditions of each section of reaction kettle before and after decomposition, obtaining the variation of the decompression exploitation radius and the permeability condition of a hydrate layer according to the temperature and pressure variation in the exploitation process, recording the variation of the gas production rate according to the outlet control unit, and evaluating the decompression exploitation effect according to the parameters;
n2 gas purging exploitation: after the exploitation experiment is finished, the one-dimensional reaction kettle is rapidly cooled, the gas in each section of reaction kettle is emptied, the temperature and the decomposition are carried out, the residual hydrate amount is calculated according to the temperature and the pressure conditions of each section of reaction kettle before and after the decomposition, the gas sample is taken out of each section of reaction kettle in the exploitation process and is subjected to gas chromatography measurement, the influence of the exploitation radius increase on N2 gas purging exploitation is known according to the gas phase component change, the formation penetration condition and the change of the hydrate decomposition intensity are known according to the pressure and temperature change in the exploitation process, the integral effect and the efficiency change of N2 gas purging exploitation are known according to the flow and the outlet gas component change in the outlet control unit, and the N2 gas purging effect is evaluated according to the parameters.
Displacement exploitation: after the displacement exploitation experiment is finished, rapidly cooling the one-dimensional reaction kettle, evacuating gas in each section of reaction kettle, carrying out heating decomposition, and calculating the residual hydrate amount through the temperature and pressure conditions of each section of reaction kettle before and after decomposition; taking out a gas sample from each section of reaction kettle in the exploitation process, and carrying out gas chromatography measurement, wherein the influence of the exploitation radius increase on displacement exploitation is known through the gas phase component change; knowing the change of stratum permeation condition through the change of pressure and temperature in the exploitation process; the overall effect and efficiency change of displacement exploitation are known through the flow rate and outlet gas composition change in the outlet control unit, and the displacement exploitation effect is evaluated through the parameters.
The invention provides a natural gas hydrate exploitation simulation device, which can be used for carrying out one-dimensional and large-scale natural gas hydrate exploitation experiments under the condition of truly simulating a natural gas hydrate reservoir, carrying out exploitation evaluation on methods such as depressurization, N2 purging, replacement and the like, and examining the exploitation efficiency and economy of a specific hydrate stratum by a plurality of exploitation methods, thereby providing a reliable scheme and technical guidance for the commercial exploitation of the natural gas hydrate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a natural gas hydrate exploitation simulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a one-dimensional reaction kettle provided by an embodiment of the invention.
In the accompanying drawings: 1. CH4 gas cylinder; 2. a first pressure reducing valve; 3. CO2 gas cylinders; 4. a second pressure reducing valve; 5. an N2 gas cylinder; 6. a third pressure reducing valve; 7. a first stop valve; 8. constant pressure constant flow pump; 9. a second shut-off valve; 10. a third stop valve; 11. a first piston can; 12. a second piston can; 13. a fourth shut-off valve; 14. a fifth shut-off valve; 15. a sixth shut-off valve; 16. a seventh stop valve; 17. a low temperature water bath apparatus; 18. a one-dimensional reaction kettle; 19. a seventh stop valve; 20. a gas-liquid separator; 21. a dryer; 22. a back pressure valve; 23. a mass flowmeter; 24. an eighth shutoff valve; 25. a ninth shut-off valve; 26. a gas storage tank; 27. a data conversion module; 28. a gas chromatography apparatus; 29. a data processing device; 30. an air injection port; 31. temperature and pressure monitoring control; 32. an air outlet; 33. a ball valve; 34. a first-stage reaction kettle; 35. a middle section reaction kettle; 36. and a tail section reaction kettle.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Specific implementations of the invention are described in detail below in connection with specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a natural gas hydrate exploitation simulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided, where the device includes: the gas injection unit is communicated with the reaction unit and is used for conveying reaction gas to the reaction unit and controlling the flow and pressure of the injected gas, the reaction unit is arranged in the temperature control unit and is used for controlling the reaction conditions of the reaction unit, the reaction unit is used for simulating the stratum environment of hydrate, the outlet control unit is connected with the reaction unit and is used for controlling the output pressure of gas and water which are simulated to be extracted and collecting the extracted gas, and the data processing unit is connected with the gas injection unit, the temperature control unit, the reaction unit and the outlet control unit and is used for data acquisition and data processing.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gas injection unit includes a CH4 gas cylinder 1, a first pressure reducing valve 2, a CO2 gas cylinder 3, a second pressure reducing valve 4, an N2 gas cylinder 5, a third pressure reducing valve 6, a first stop valve 7, a constant pressure constant flow pump 8, a second stop valve 9, a third stop valve 10, a first piston tank 11, a second piston tank 12, a fourth stop valve 13, a fifth stop valve 14, a sixth stop valve 15, a seventh stop valve 16, and a main pipe, the CH4 gas cylinder 1, the CO2 gas cylinder 3, and the N2 gas cylinder 5 are respectively connected to the main pipe through the first pressure reducing valve 2, the second pressure reducing valve 4, and the third pressure reducing valve 6, the constant pressure constant flow pump 8 is respectively connected to the first piston tank 11 and the second piston tank 12 through the second stop valve 9 and the third stop valve 10, the first piston tank 11 and the second piston tank 12 are respectively connected to the main pipe through the fifth stop valve 14 and the fourth stop valve 13, the first stop valve 7 and the sixth stop valve 15 are further provided thereon, the first stop valve 7 and the sixth stop valve 15 are respectively connected to the main pipe at two sides of the first stop valve 7 and the main pipe and the third stop valve 13 are respectively located near to the side of the first stop valve 1 and the main pipe; the reaction unit is a one-dimensional reaction kettle 18, the one-dimensional reaction kettle 18 is connected with a main pipeline, the temperature control unit is a low-temperature water bath device 17, and the one-dimensional reaction kettle 18 is arranged in the low-temperature water bath device 17.
In the embodiment, the gas injection unit is used for inputting natural gas for synthesis, N2, CO2+N2 and other gases for exploitation into the one-dimensional tubular long reaction kettle, and controlling the flow and pressure of the injected gas; the temperature control unit is used for controlling the environmental temperature of the one-dimensional tubular long reaction kettle and providing a low-temperature environment for synthesizing the hydrate; the reaction kettle is a one-dimensional tubular long reaction container, is divided into 10 sections, can be used for simulating the stratum environment of the hydrate, and can be used for examining the rule of the exploitation effect changing along with the exploitation radius; the outlet control unit is used for controlling the output pressure of the simulated extracted gas and water and collecting the extracted gas; the data processing unit is used for acquiring and processing data such as temperature, pressure, flow and the like of the experimental device, and can also measure and process the components of the acquired gas sample in the process of exploitation.
In the embodiment, during the synthesis of the hydrate, a CH4 gas cylinder 1 is opened, a first pressure reducing valve 2 is set to a proper pressure, a first stop valve 7 and a sixth stop valve 15 are opened, and methane gas is injected into each section of tubular reaction kettle to an experimental pressure; when N2 is purged and mined, an N2 gas cylinder 5 is opened, a third pressure reducing valve 6 is set to proper pressure, a first stop valve 7 and a sixth stop valve 15 are opened, and nitrogen with proper pressure is injected into the one-dimensional tubular long reaction kettle; when the displacement exploitation is performed, the CO2 gas cylinder 3 and the N2 gas cylinder 5 are opened, the second pressure reducing valve 4 and the third pressure reducing valve 6 are set to proper pressures, the fourth stop valve 13 and the fifth stop valve 14 are opened, gas injection is performed to the first piston tank 11 and the second piston tank 12, mixed gas is configured, after the gas is uniformly mixed, the second stop valve 9 is opened, the fifth stop valve 14 is closed, and a constant pressure constant flow pump is used for injecting fluid to the first piston tank 11 to perform gas injection to the one-dimensional tubular long reaction kettle 18. The piston tanks 11 and 12 can circularly discharge the mixed gas and configure the mixed gas to realize constant pressure or constant flow injection of the gas.
As shown in fig. 2, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the one-dimensional reaction kettle 18 includes a first-stage reaction kettle 34, a middle-stage reaction kettle 35, and a tail-stage reaction kettle 36, where the middle-stage reaction kettle 35 includes at least one stage, the first-stage reaction kettle 34, the middle-stage reaction kettle 35, and the tail-stage reaction kettle 36 are connected by a ball valve 33, and the first-stage reaction kettle 34, the middle-stage reaction kettle 35, and the tail-stage reaction kettle 36 are all provided with an air injection port 30, a temperature and pressure monitoring control 31, and an air outlet 32.
As shown in fig. 2, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, one end of the first stage reaction vessel 34 is connected to the main pipe, and all the gas injection ports 30 are connected to the gas injection unit, and one end of the tail stage reaction vessel 36, which is remote from the middle stage reaction vessel 35, is connected to the outlet control unit.
In the embodiment, the reaction unit is a one-dimensional reaction kettle 18, one end of the one-dimensional reaction kettle 18 is connected with the gas injection unit, the other end of the one-dimensional reaction kettle 18 is connected with the outlet control unit, the total length is 5m, the reaction unit is divided into 10 sections, and the sections are connected by adopting stainless steel ball valves. Each section of tubular reaction kettle is 50cm long, 3 holes are formed in the side face, the gas injection port 30, the temperature and pressure monitoring control 31 and the gas outlet 32 are respectively arranged, the gas outlet 32 can be a gas outlet or a gas extraction port, and the gas injection port 30 of each section of tubular reaction kettle is also connected with a gas injection unit.
In this embodiment, the temperature control unit is a low-temperature water bath apparatus 17, the low-temperature water bath apparatus 17 provides temperature conditions for hydrate reaction, a constant-temperature low-temperature environment is provided during hydrate synthesis and exploitation, and a lower-temperature or high-temperature environment is provided during exploitation effect analysis.
As shown in fig. 1, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outlet control unit includes a seventh shut-off valve 19, a gas-liquid separator 20, a dryer 21, a back pressure valve 22, a mass flow meter 23, an eighth shut-off valve 24, a ninth shut-off valve 25, and a gas tank 26, the seventh shut-off valve 19, the gas-liquid separator 20, the dryer 21, the back pressure valve 22, the mass flow meter 23, the ninth shut-off valve 25, and the gas tank 26 being connected in series in this order, the gas-liquid separator 20 being connected to the reaction unit.
In this embodiment, when hydrate production is performed, the seventh stop valve 19 and the ninth stop valve 25 are opened, the back pressure valve 22 is adjusted to a proper pressure, and a production experiment is performed; during N2 purge and displacement operations, the eighth shut-off valve 24 is opened at intervals to take a gas sample.
In this embodiment, the data processing unit includes: the data conversion module 27, the gas chromatography device 28, the data processing device 29 may be a computer. In the experimental process, temperature and pressure signals on the one-dimensional reaction kettle 18, injection pressure and flow signals of the constant pressure and constant flow pump 8 and flow of the mass flowmeter 23 are converted into identification signals of the data processing equipment 29 through the data conversion module 27, and data recording is carried out; after the gas samples collected from the one-dimensional reaction kettle 18, the outlet of the gas injection unit and the like are detected by the gas chromatography device 28, the gas sample gas phase component results are recorded on the data processing device 29.
There is also provided in one embodiment of the invention a method of simulating production of natural gas hydrates, the method comprising:
preparation of hydrate before synthesis: connecting the simulation medium one-dimensional reaction kettle 18 mixed with a certain amount of distilled water with each section of reaction kettle through a ball valve 33 and installing detection equipment; closing a ball valve 33 between each two sections of reaction kettles, and carrying out N2 pressure measurement and vacuumizing treatment on each section of reaction kettles;
synthesis of hydrate: placing the one-dimensional reaction kettle 18 into a low-temperature water bath, keeping the ball valve 33 closed, injecting CH4 gas with the same pressure into each section of reaction kettle, performing constant volume synthesis, and calculating the synthesis amount of the hydrate according to the temperature and pressure change of the single section of reaction kettle before and after the hydrate synthesis;
hydrate simulated exploitation: and opening ball valves among the reaction kettles at each section to stabilize the pressure of the one-dimensional reaction kettles 18, and then carrying out depressurization exploitation test, N2 gas purging exploitation test and displacement exploitation test.
The hydrate simulated exploitation method specifically comprises the following steps of:
depressurization exploitation experiment: adjusting the pressure of an outlet control unit, and setting experimental pressure to perform depressurization exploitation;
n2 gas purging exploitation: regulating the pressure of the outlet control unit to the stratum pressure, injecting nitrogen into the one-dimensional reaction kettle 18 at constant pressure or constant flow rate through the gas injection unit, and taking gas from each single-stage reaction kettle at fixed time in the exploitation process;
displacement exploitation experiment: the pressure of the outlet control unit is regulated, liquid CO2, gaseous CO2 or CO2-N2 mixed gas is injected into the one-dimensional reaction kettle at constant pressure or constant flow through the gas injection unit, and gas extraction is carried out through the single-stage reaction kettle at fixed time in the exploitation process.
Evaluation of mining effect: after the exploitation experiment is finished, the ball valve 33 between each two reaction kettles is closed, and then exploitation effect evaluation is carried out for various exploitation methods.
The mining effect evaluation step specifically comprises the following steps:
depressurization exploitation: after the exploitation experiment is finished, raising the temperature of the water bath, heating and decomposing the hydrate in each section of reaction kettle, calculating the residual hydrate amount according to the temperature and pressure conditions of each section of reaction kettle before and after decomposition, obtaining the variation of the decompression exploitation radius and the permeability condition of a hydrate layer according to the temperature and pressure variation in the exploitation process, recording the variation of the gas production rate according to the outlet control unit, and evaluating the decompression exploitation effect according to the parameters;
n2 gas purging exploitation: after the exploitation experiment is finished, the one-dimensional reaction kettle 18 is rapidly cooled, the gas in each section of reaction kettle is emptied, the temperature and the decomposition are carried out, the residual hydrate amount is calculated according to the temperature and pressure conditions of each section of reaction kettle before and after the decomposition, the gas sample is taken out of each section of reaction kettle in the exploitation process and is subjected to gas chromatography measurement, the influence of the exploitation radius increase on N2 gas purging exploitation is known according to the gas phase component change, the formation penetration condition and the change of the hydrate decomposition intensity are known according to the pressure and temperature change in the exploitation process, the integral effect and the efficiency change of N2 gas purging exploitation are known according to the flow and the outlet gas component change in the outlet control unit, and the N2 gas purging exploitation effect is evaluated according to the parameters.
Displacement exploitation: after the displacement exploitation experiment is finished, the one-dimensional reaction kettle 18 is rapidly cooled, the gas in each section of reaction kettle is exhausted, the temperature rise decomposition is carried out, and the residual hydrate amount is calculated through the temperature and pressure conditions of each section of reaction kettle before and after the decomposition; taking out a gas sample from each section of reaction kettle in the exploitation process, and carrying out gas chromatography measurement, wherein the influence of the exploitation radius increase on displacement exploitation is known through the gas phase component change; knowing the change of stratum permeation condition through the change of pressure and temperature in the exploitation process; the overall effect and efficiency change of displacement exploitation are known through the flow rate and the outlet gas composition change in the outlet control unit, the displacement exploitation effect is evaluated through the parameters, and the single-stage reaction kettle is one of a first-stage reaction kettle 34, a middle-stage reaction kettle 35 and a tail-stage reaction kettle 36.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A natural gas hydrate production simulation device, the device comprising: the gas injection unit is communicated with the reaction unit and is used for conveying reaction gas to the reaction unit and controlling the flow and pressure of the injected gas, the reaction unit is arranged in the temperature control unit and is used for controlling the reaction condition of the reaction unit, the reaction unit is used for simulating the stratum environment of the hydrate,the outlet control unit is connected with the reaction unit and used for controlling the output pressure of the gas and water which are simulated to be mined, and can collect the gas which is mined, and the data processing unit is connected with the gas injection unit, the temperature control unit, the reaction unit and the outlet control unit and used for data acquisition and data processing; the gas injection unit comprises CH 4 Gas cylinder, first pressure reducing valve and CO 2 Gas cylinder, second pressure reducing valve, N 2 Gas cylinder, third relief pressure valve, first stop valve, constant pressure constant flow pump, second stop valve, third stop valve, first piston jar, second piston jar, fourth stop valve, fifth stop valve, sixth stop valve, seventh stop valve and trunk line, CH 4 Gas cylinder, CO 2 Gas cylinder and N 2 The gas cylinder is communicated with the main pipeline through a first pressure reducing valve, a second pressure reducing valve and a third pressure reducing valve respectively, the constant pressure constant flow pump is connected with a first piston tank and a second piston tank through a second stop valve and a third stop valve respectively, the first piston tank and the second piston tank are connected with the main pipeline through a fifth stop valve and a fourth stop valve respectively, a first stop valve and a sixth stop valve are further arranged on the main pipeline, the first stop valve and the sixth stop valve are respectively positioned on two sides of the joint of the fifth stop valve and the main pipeline and the fourth stop valve, and the first stop valve is positioned close to CH (CH) 4 One side of the gas cylinder, the main pipeline is connected with the reaction unit; the reaction unit is a one-dimensional reaction kettle, the one-dimensional reaction kettle is connected with the main pipeline, the temperature control unit is low-temperature water bath equipment, and the one-dimensional reaction kettle is arranged in the low-temperature water bath equipment; the one-dimensional reaction kettle comprises a first-stage reaction kettle, a middle-stage reaction kettle and a tail-stage reaction kettle, wherein the middle-stage reaction kettle at least comprises one stage, the first-stage reaction kettle, the middle-stage reaction kettle and the tail-stage reaction kettle are connected through ball valves, and gas injection ports, temperature and pressure monitoring control pieces and gas outlets are formed in the first-stage reaction kettle, the middle-stage reaction kettle and the tail-stage reaction kettle.
2. The natural gas hydrate exploitation simulation device according to claim 1, wherein one end of the first-stage reaction kettle is connected with the main pipeline, all gas injection ports are connected with the gas injection unit, and one end of the tail-stage reaction kettle, which is far away from the middle-stage reaction kettle, is connected with the outlet control unit.
3. The natural gas hydrate exploitation simulation device according to claim 1, wherein the pressure-resistant range of the one-dimensional reaction kettle is 0-35 Mpa.
4. The natural gas hydrate production simulation device according to claim 1, wherein the outlet control unit comprises a seventh stop valve, a gas-liquid separator, a dryer, a back pressure valve, a mass flowmeter, an eighth stop valve, a ninth stop valve and a gas storage tank, and the seventh stop valve, the gas-liquid separator, the dryer, the back pressure valve, the mass flowmeter, the ninth stop valve and the gas storage tank are sequentially connected in series, and the gas-liquid separator is connected with the reaction unit.
5. A method of simulating the production of natural gas hydrates, wherein the simulation is performed using a natural gas hydrate production simulation apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, the method comprising:
preparation of hydrate before synthesis: connecting a simulation medium one-dimensional reaction kettle mixed with a certain amount of distilled water with each section of reaction kettle through a ball valve and installing detection equipment; pipeline connected with experimental device, closing ball valve between each section of reaction kettle, and carrying out N on each section of reaction kettle 2 Measuring pressure and vacuumizing;
synthesis of hydrate: putting the one-dimensional reaction kettle into a low-temperature water bath, keeping the ball valve closed, and injecting CH with the same pressure into each section of reaction kettle 4 The gas is subjected to constant volume synthesis, and the synthesis amount of the hydrate is calculated according to the temperature and pressure change of the single-stage reaction kettle before and after the synthesis of the hydrate;
hydrate simulated exploitation: opening ball valves among the reaction kettles at each section to stabilize the pressure of the one-dimensional reaction kettles, and then carrying out depressurization exploitation test and N 2 Gas purge exploitation test and displacement exploitation test;
evaluation of mining effect: after the exploitation experiment is finished, the ball valve between each section of reaction kettle is closed, and then exploitation effect evaluation is carried out for various exploitation methods.
6. The method for simulating the production of natural gas hydrate according to claim 5, wherein the step of simulating the production of the hydrate specifically comprises the following steps:
depressurization exploitation experiment: adjusting the pressure of an outlet control unit, and setting experimental pressure to perform depressurization exploitation;
N 2 gas purging and exploitation: regulating the pressure of the outlet control unit to the stratum pressure, injecting nitrogen into the one-dimensional reaction kettles at constant pressure or constant flow rate through the gas injection unit, and taking gas from each single-stage reaction kettle at fixed time in the exploitation process;
displacement exploitation experiment: regulating the pressure of the outlet control unit, and injecting liquid CO into the one-dimensional reaction kettle at constant pressure or constant flow rate through the gas injection unit 2 CO in gaseous state 2 Or CO 2 -N 2 And mixing the gases, and taking the gases through a single-stage reaction kettle at fixed time in the exploitation process.
7. The method for simulating production of natural gas hydrate according to claim 5, wherein the step of evaluating the production effect specifically comprises:
depressurization exploitation: after the exploitation experiment is finished, raising the temperature of the water bath, heating and decomposing the hydrate in each section of reaction kettle, calculating the residual hydrate amount according to the temperature and pressure conditions of each section of reaction kettle before and after decomposition, obtaining the variation of the decompression exploitation radius and the permeability condition of a hydrate layer according to the temperature and pressure variation in the exploitation process, recording the variation of the gas production rate according to the outlet control unit, and evaluating the decompression exploitation effect according to the parameters;
N 2 gas purging and exploitation: after the exploitation experiment is finished, rapidly cooling the one-dimensional reaction kettle, evacuating gas in each section of reaction kettle, carrying out heating decomposition, calculating the residual hydrate amount according to the temperature and pressure conditions of each section of reaction kettle before and after decomposition, taking out a gas sample from each section of reaction kettle in the exploitation process, carrying out gas chromatography measurement, and obtaining the exploitation radius increase pair N according to the gas phase component change 2 The influence of the purge exploitation is known by the pressure and temperature change in the exploitation process, the formation penetration condition and the change of the hydrate decomposition intensity are obtained by the flow rate and the outlet gas component in the outlet control unitVariation knowing N 2 Overall effect and efficiency of gas purge exploitation varies by the above parameters for N 2 Evaluating the gas purging exploitation effect;
displacement exploitation: after the displacement exploitation experiment is finished, rapidly cooling the one-dimensional reaction kettle, evacuating gas in each section of reaction kettle, carrying out heating decomposition, and calculating the residual hydrate amount through the temperature and pressure conditions of each section of reaction kettle before and after decomposition; taking out a gas sample from each section of reaction kettle in the exploitation process, and carrying out gas chromatography measurement, wherein the influence of the exploitation radius increase on displacement exploitation is known through the gas phase component change; knowing the change of stratum permeation condition through the change of pressure and temperature in the exploitation process; the overall effect and efficiency change of displacement exploitation are known through the flow rate and outlet gas composition change in the outlet control unit, and the displacement exploitation effect is evaluated through the parameters.
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