CN111305796B - Experimental device and method for stability of tubular column in hydrate pilot production process - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for stability of tubular column in hydrate pilot production process Download PDFInfo
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- CN111305796B CN111305796B CN202010156162.XA CN202010156162A CN111305796B CN 111305796 B CN111305796 B CN 111305796B CN 202010156162 A CN202010156162 A CN 202010156162A CN 111305796 B CN111305796 B CN 111305796B
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 99
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane clathrate Chemical compound C.C.C.C.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O NMJORVOYSJLJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
- E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
- E21B33/035—Well heads; Setting-up thereof specially adapted for underwater installations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/001—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells specially adapted for underwater installations
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Abstract
An experimental device and method for stability of a pipe column in a hydrate pilot production process relate to the technical field of deepwater hydrate exploitation, and comprise a hydrate preparation and exploitation simulation system, a pressure reduction and decomposition simulation system and a pressure reduction and decomposition simulation system, wherein the hydrate preparation and exploitation simulation system is used for simulating gas and/or liquid generated by decomposition of a hydrate in the pressure reduction and decomposition process; the hydrate exploitation well wellhead-multi-layer pipe system is used for simulating vertical load and bending moment applied in the hydrate experiment process and simulating different operation working conditions; the data acquisition and processing system is used for monitoring and analyzing the data of the sedimentation condition, the inclination condition and/or the strain and stress change condition of the simulated hydrate in the decomposition process; the method is used for evaluating the stability of the wellhead-multi-layer pipe system of the hydrate exploitation well under different exploitation working conditions, the variation rule of the parameters related to the stability of the well casing in the hydrate exploitation process is revealed by combining the simulation experiment device and a simulation experiment method, and the method has important significance for carrying out related numerical simulation analysis in the next step.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of deepwater hydrate exploitation, in particular to an experimental device and method for stability of a pipe column in a hydrate trial exploitation process.
Background
With the rapid increase of the consumption of oil and gas resources, the development and utilization of new energy sources, especially clean energy sources, are the research direction of future energy sources. The natural gas hydrate is the most valuable oil alternative energy source which is recognized due to the advantages of wide distribution, large resource amount, high energy density, cleanness, no pollution and the like. However, compared with traditional oil and gas exploitation, the ocean hydrate is buried in a shallow layer in deep water, the operation environment is more complex, and in consideration of the fact that the stability of the hydrate is greatly influenced by temperature and pressure changes, so how to avoid a series of hazards such as landslide, eruption, seabed settlement, wellhead instability and underwater production system damage caused by hydrate exploitation becomes an important factor restricting the commercial production of the hydrate.
The underwater wellhead and pipe column system is used as a key part in deepwater drilling and production operation, and the stability of the underwater wellhead and pipe column system is an important factor for ensuring the safe and effective operation of hydrate production.
Because the pressure and the temperature are continuously changed in the process of mining, along with the decomposition and the re-synthesis of the hydrate, the numerical simulation and the simulation are difficult to accurately identify the action mechanism of the hydrate on a tubular column system, and a stability test of the marine hydrate mining tubular column system needs to be further developed, therefore, in order to realize the stability test of the hydrate mining tubular column system, the inventor designs a tubular column stabilizing device under a simulated hydrate trial mining experiment, and the change rule of the parameters related to the stability of a well casing in the process of mining the hydrate is revealed by combining the simulated experiment device with a method of the simulated experiment, so that the method has important significance for developing related numerical simulation analysis in the next step.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an experimental device and method for stability of a tubular column in a hydrate pilot production process, and the scheme is as follows:
an experimental device for stability of a tubular column in a hydrate pilot production process comprises
The hydrate preparation and exploitation simulation system is used for simulating the gas and/or liquid generated by decomposition of the hydrate in the depressurization decomposition process;
the hydrate exploitation well wellhead-multi-layer pipe system is used for simulating vertical load and bending moment applied in the hydrate experiment process and simulating different operation working conditions;
and the data acquisition and processing system is used for monitoring and analyzing the data of the sedimentation condition, and/or the inclination condition, and/or the strain and stress change condition of the simulated hydrate in the decomposition process.
Further, the hydrate preparation and production simulation system comprises,
a raw material supply unit, a reaction unit and a gas-liquid collection unit;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the raw material supply unit consists of a methane gas source, a deionized water source, a preheater, a disc-shaped gas uniform distribution plate, a high-precision gas injection pump, a high-precision water injection pump and a first one-way needle valve,
the methane gas source is connected with the high-precision gas injection pump and forms a gas conveying channel with the first one-way needle valve,
the deionized water source is connected with the high-precision water injection pump and forms a liquid flow channel with the preheater;
the gas conveying channel and the liquid flow channel are converged at the outlet end to form a gas-liquid mixing channel, and the gas-liquid mixing channel is connected with the inlet end of the disc-shaped gas uniform distribution plate;
the disc-shaped gas uniform distribution plate is arranged in the hydrate porous medium skeleton;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the reaction unit consists of a reaction kettle, at least two covering soil layers, a circulating refrigerator and a hydrate porous medium skeleton,
the reaction kettle is a cylindrical container with a cover, an upper covering soil layer and a lower covering soil layer are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the reaction kettle, and the middle parts of the upper covering soil layer and the lower covering soil layer are provided with the hydrate porous medium skeleton;
the upper covering soil layer and the lower covering soil layer are prepared according to the grain size, density, components and the like of the submarine soil of the hydrate mining target area, and the field soil environment can be simulated to the maximum extent;
the reaction kettle is connected with the circulating refrigerator;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the gas-liquid collecting unit consists of a sand filter, a gas-liquid separating device, a liquid collecting cylinder, a gas storage cylinder, a pressure regulating pump, a back pressure valve, a pressure reducing valve, a gas mass flowmeter, a liquid rotameter, a second one-way needle valve and a pressure stabilizing valve,
one end of the pressure regulating pump is connected with an outlet at the top of the reaction kettle, and the other end of the pressure regulating pump is communicated with the sand filter, the back pressure valve and the pressure reducing valve in sequence and then communicated with the gas-liquid separation device;
a liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separation device is communicated with the second one-way needle valve, and the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separation device is connected with the liquid rotor flow meter and then enters the liquid collecting barrel;
and a gas outlet of the gas-liquid separation device is communicated with the pressure stabilizing valve, and is connected with the gas mass flow meter and then enters the gas storage cylinder.
Further, the wellhead-multilayer pipe system of the hydrate production well comprises,
a wellhead, a guide pipe, a cement sheath, a casing and a wellhead assembly,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the conduit is disposed within the hydrate porous media scaffold,
the casing is arranged inside the guide pipe, and the annular space between the guide pipe and the casing is formed into the cement sheath through cement;
the wellhead is welded with the top end of the guide pipe, and the bottom of the wellhead is in threaded connection with the casing pipe through a threaded joint;
and the number of the first and second electrodes,
the wellhead device assembly comprises a balancing weight, a telescopic rod and an additional balancing weight,
six telescopic rods are arranged and are connected with the well mouth and the additional balancing weight through bolts,
the balancing weight is connected with the well mouth through a bolt,
the additional balancing weight is provided with different weights, and can be selected according to requirements in an experiment.
Further, in the above-mentioned case,
the bottom end of the conduit is inserted in the upper soil covering layer,
the end part of the bottom end of the sleeve is positioned in the hydrate porous medium framework, and the top end of the sleeve penetrates through the wellhead and the balancing weight to be connected with the PVC pipe through a flange plate flange.
Further, in the above-mentioned case,
the data acquisition and processing system comprises a data acquisition and processing system,
the system comprises a strain gauge type pressure sensor, a strain sensor, a first laser displacement sensor, a second laser displacement sensor and a temperature and pressure detector;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the strain gauge type pressure sensors are adhered to the outer walls of the sleeve and the guide pipe and are uniformly distributed along the vertical direction,
the strain sensor is adhered to the inner wall and the outer wall of the sleeve,
moreover, the strain sensor is also adhered to the outer wall of the conduit,
the first laser displacement sensors are positioned on two side surfaces of the inner wall of the reaction kettle,
the second laser displacement sensor is positioned at the top cover plate of the reaction kettle,
wherein the first laser displacement sensor and at least six telescopic joints on the balancing weight are respectively kept in the same vertical plane,
the temperature and pressure detectors are uniformly distributed in the hydrate porous medium skeleton.
Furthermore, the disk-shaped gas uniform distribution plate is an L-shaped polyvinyl chloride hard pipe.
Furthermore, all the parts in the device are communicated through polyvinyl chloride hoses.
The experimental method of the experimental device for the stability of the tubular column in the hydrate trial production process comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation of simulated environment: preparing an upper covering soil layer and a lower covering soil layer in the reaction kettle according to the soil characteristics of the target area, and sequentially placing the upper covering soil layer and the lower covering soil layer together with a hydrate porous medium skeleton in the reaction kettle to form a soil environment basic framework;
s2, applying force: connecting the additional balancing weight with a telescopic rod, and applying vertical loads and bending moments with different sizes to a wellhead by adjusting the length of the telescopic rod and selecting the additional balancing weights with proper/different masses to simulate different working conditions;
s3, check before simulation: the components are connected with the systems, all guide pipes are blown off by nitrogen, the air tightness of the experiment device system for the stability of the deepwater hydrate exploitation pipe column system is checked, and whether all parts of the device can work normally is checked;
s4, preparation of hydrate: according to the temperature set in the hydrate porous medium framework and the pressure value detected by the pressure detector, the temperature in the hydrate porous medium framework is reduced to the required temperature through the circulating refrigerator, methane gas and water vapor are mixed and then continuously introduced into the hydrate porous medium framework, and when the gas quantity at the inlet and the outlet of the reaction kettle is the same, the preparation of the hydrate is completed;
s5, decomposition of hydrate: stopping introducing the mixed gas and the operation of the circulating refrigerator, reducing the pressure of the sleeve and the porous medium skeleton of the hydrate through the pressure regulating pump to decompose the hydrate, and exploiting the hydrate by using a simulated depressurization method;
s6, collecting gas and liquid respectively: removing sand and soil from the gas, liquid and silt generated by mining through a sand and soil filter, obtaining methane gas and liquid through a gas-liquid separation device, metering the gas through a gas mass flowmeter, storing the gas in a gas storage bottle, metering the liquid through a rotor flowmeter, storing the liquid in a liquid collecting cylinder, and reflecting the yield and the decomposition rate of the methane gas in the hydrate decomposition process according to real-time data of a gas-liquid collecting unit;
s701, recording the change of sedimentation and inclination: recording the position of the guide pipe in the soil before and after mining, analyzing data by combining a second laser displacement sensor at a cover plate at the top of the reaction kettle, monitoring the settlement condition of an upper soil layer and the guide pipe in the hydrate decomposition process, and monitoring the inclination condition of a pipe column system in the hydrate decomposition process according to the data of the first laser displacement sensor at the side surface of the inner wall of the reaction kettle;
s702, recording the change conditions of strain and stress, acquiring data in real time through a strain type pressure sensor and a strain sensor, and monitoring the change conditions of strain and stress of the tubular column structure in the vertical direction in the decomposition process of the hydrate;
and S703, analyzing and processing the data, inputting the acquired data into a processing system, and analyzing and processing the acquired data.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the decompression exploitation of the hydrate is realized through a pressure regulating pump, and the decomposition process and the decomposition range of the hydrate can be observed more intuitively by adopting a skeleton structure of a hydrate porous medium.
Secondly, the relationship between the decomposition pressure drop of the hydrate, the decomposition rate and the yield can be reflected in a quantitative mode through the real-time measurement of the gas-liquid collecting system.
The testing device is provided with the balancing weight and the additional balancing weight to apply load to the top end of the wellhead system, and the size, the number and the position of the additional balancing weight can be adjusted to simulate the top end bending moment of the wellhead system under different working conditions.
And fourthly, real-time monitoring of the displacement characteristic of soil, the inclination condition of a well mouth and the mechanical characteristic of the tubular column system in the hydrate exploitation process can be realized through the data acquisition and processing system, the strength evolution rule of the tubular column system under different hydrate decomposition conditions is identified, and the stability influence factors of the tubular column system under various working conditions are analyzed.
The above description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the present invention can be implemented in accordance with the content of the description so as to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, and the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus for stability of a tubular column during a hydrate pilot production process disclosed by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an experimental method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a wellhead overall framework according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a portion of a wellhead assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a wellhead to casing connection.
Reference numerals:
1-a source of deionized water; 2-high precision water injection pump; 3-a preheater; 4-a bolt; 5-a balancing weight; 6-pressure regulating pump; 7-a sand filter; 8-back pressure valve; 9-a pressure reducing valve; 10-a gas-liquid separation device; 11-a pressure maintaining valve; 12-a gas mass flow meter; 13-gas cylinder; 14-a liquid collection bucket; 15-liquid rotameter; 16-a second one-way needle valve; 17-a data acquisition processing system; 18-additional weight block; 19-a telescopic rod; 20-temperature and pressure probes; 21-a circulation refrigerator; 22-a threaded joint; 23-a disk-shaped gas uniform distribution plate; 24-strain gauge pressure sensor; 25-cement sheath; 26-a cannula; 27-a strain sensor; 28-a catheter; 29-reaction kettle; 30-hydrate porous media framework; 31-covering a soil layer; 32-a first laser displacement sensor; 33-well head; 34-a source of methane gas; 35-a high-precision air injection pump; 36-a first one-way needle valve; 37-a second laser displacement sensor; 38-flange plate; 39-PVC pipe; 40-a gas delivery channel; 41-liquid delivery channel; 42-gas-liquid mixing channel; 43-lower cover soil layer; 44-wellhead assembly.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
The experimental device for the stability of the tubular column in the hydrate pilot production process comprises a hydrate preparation and production simulation system, a hydrate pressure reduction and decomposition simulation system and a hydrate pressure reduction and decomposition simulation system, wherein the hydrate preparation and production simulation system is used for simulating gas and/or liquid generated by decomposition in the pressure reduction and decomposition process of the hydrate; the hydrate exploitation well wellhead-multi-layer pipe system is used for simulating vertical load and bending moment applied in the hydrate experiment process and simulating different operation working conditions; and the data acquisition and processing system is used for monitoring and analyzing the data of the sedimentation condition, the inclination condition and/or the strain and stress change condition of the simulated hydrate in the decomposition process. The problem that a shaft test research method is deficient in the hydrate exploitation process is solved, stability evaluation of a wellhead-multi-layer pipe system of the hydrate exploitation well under different exploitation working conditions is facilitated, the variation rule of related parameters of the stability of the shaft in the hydrate exploitation process is revealed by combining the simulation experiment device and the simulation experiment method, and the method has important significance for carrying out related numerical simulation analysis in the next step.
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
Examples
FIG. 1 is an experimental apparatus for stability of a tubular column during trial production of hydrate, which comprises a hydrate preparation and production simulation system for simulating gas and liquid generated by decomposition of hydrate during depressurization decomposition;
the hydrate preparation and exploitation simulation system comprises a raw material supply unit, a reaction unit and a gas-liquid collection unit;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the raw material supply unit consists of a methane gas source 34, a deionized water source 1, a preheater 3, a disc-shaped gas uniform distribution plate 23, a high-precision air injection pump 35, a high-precision water injection pump 2 and a first one-way needle valve 36,
the methane gas source 34 is connected with the high-precision gas injection pump 35 and forms a gas delivery channel 40 with the first one-way needle valve 36,
the deionized water source 1 is connected with the high-precision water injection pump 2 and forms a liquid conveying channel 41 with the preheater 3;
the gas conveying channel 40 and the liquid conveying channel 41 are converged at outlet ends to form a gas-liquid mixing channel 42, and the gas-liquid mixing channel 42 is connected with the inlet end of the disc-shaped gas uniform distribution plate 23;
the disc-shaped gas uniform distribution plate 23 is arranged in the hydrate porous medium skeleton 30;
as shown in fig. 1, the raw material supply unit includes a methane gas source 34, a deionized water source 1, a preheater 3, a disk-shaped gas uniform distribution plate 23, a high-precision gas injection pump 35, a high-precision water injection pump 2, and a first one-way needle valve 36. A methane gas source 34 is connected with the high-precision air injection pump 35 and then connected with a first one-way needle valve 36, and a deionized water source 1 is connected with the high-precision air injection pump 2 and then connected with a preheater 3; the first one-way needle valve 36 and the preheater 3 are converged at the outlet and then connected with the inlet of the disc-shaped gas uniform distribution plate; the disk-shaped gas uniform distribution plate 23 is L-shaped and made of a PVC hard tube, and the bottom of the disk-shaped gas uniform distribution plate is arranged in the hydrate porous medium framework 30.
The reaction unit consists of a reaction kettle 29, at least two covering soil layers, a circulating refrigerator 21 and a hydrate porous medium skeleton 30,
the reaction kettle 29 is a cylindrical container with a cover, an upper soil layer 31 and a lower soil layer 43 are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the reaction kettle 29, and the hydrate porous medium skeleton 30 is arranged in the middle of the upper soil layer 31 and the lower soil layer 43;
the upper covering soil layer 31 and the lower covering soil layer 43 are prepared according to the grain size, density, components and the like of the submarine soil of the hydrate mining target area, and can simulate the field soil environment to the maximum extent;
the reaction kettle 29 is connected with the circulating refrigerator 21;
as shown in fig. 1, the reaction unit includes a reaction kettle 29, an upper soil covering layer 31, a lower soil covering layer 43, a circulation refrigerator 21, and a hydrate porous medium skeleton 30. The reaction kettle 29 is a cylindrical container with a cover, an upper covering soil layer 31 and a lower covering soil layer 43 are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the reaction kettle 29, and a hydrate porous medium skeleton 30 is arranged in the middle of the reaction kettle; the soil of the upper covering soil layer 31 and the lower covering soil layer 43 is prepared according to the grain diameter, density, components and the like of the submarine soil of a hydrate mining target area, so that the field soil environment is simulated to the maximum extent; the reaction kettle is connected with a circulating refrigerator 21, and the temperature of the hydrate porous medium skeleton 30 is reduced through the circulating refrigerator 21.
The gas-liquid collecting unit consists of a sand filter 7, a gas-liquid separating device 10, a liquid collecting cylinder, a gas storage bottle 13, a pressure regulating pump 6, a back pressure valve 8, a pressure reducing valve 9, a gas mass flow meter 12, a liquid rotameter 15, a second one-way needle valve 16 and a pressure stabilizing valve 11,
one end of the pressure regulating pump 6 is connected with an outlet part at the top of the reaction kettle 29, and the other end of the pressure regulating pump 6 is communicated with the sand filter 7, the backpressure valve 8 and the pressure reducing valve 9 in sequence and then communicated with the gas-liquid separation device 10;
the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separation device 10 is communicated with the second one-way needle valve 16, and is connected with the liquid rotameter 15 and then enters the liquid collection barrel 14;
and a gas outlet of the gas-liquid separation device 10 is communicated with the pressure stabilizing valve 11, and is connected with the gas mass flowmeter 12 and then enters the gas storage cylinder 13.
Specifically, the pressure regulating pump 6 is connected with the outlet of the reaction kettle 29, is connected with a back pressure valve 8 and a pressure reducing valve 9 through a sand filter 7, and enters a gas-liquid separation device 10; the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separation device 10 is connected with a second one-way needle valve 16, passes through a liquid rotameter 15 and then enters a liquid collecting barrel 14; the gas outlet of the gas-liquid separation device 10 is connected with a pressure stabilizing valve 11, passes through a gas mass flowmeter 12 and then enters a gas storage bottle 13.
The wellhead-multilayer pipe system of the hydrate production well is used for simulating vertical load and bending moment applied in the hydrate experiment process and simulating different operation working conditions;
specifically, the wellhead-multilayer pipe system of the hydrate production well comprises a wellhead 33, a guide pipe 28, a cement sheath 25, a casing 26 and a wellhead assembly 44,
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the conduit 28 is disposed within the hydrate porous media matrix 30,
the casing 26 is arranged inside the conduit 28, the cement sheath 25 being formed by cement in the annular space between the conduit 28 and the casing 26;
the wellhead 33 is welded with the top end of the guide pipe 28, and the bottom of the wellhead 33 is in threaded connection with the casing 26 through a threaded joint 22;
and the number of the first and second electrodes,
the wellhead assembly 44 comprises a balancing weight 5, a telescopic rod 19 and an additional balancing weight 18,
six telescopic rods 19 are connected with the balancing weight 5 and the additional balancing weight 18 through bolts 4,
the balancing weight 5 is connected with the wellhead 33 through a bolt 4,
the additional weight 18 is provided with a different weight.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, 4, the sleeve 26 is disposed inside the conduit 28; cement is arranged in the annular space between the conduit 28 and the casing 26 to form a cement sheath 25; the wellhead 33 is connected with the top end of the guide pipe 28 in a welding mode, and the bottom of the wellhead 33 is connected with the casing 26 through the threaded connector 22.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, wellhead 33 upper portion device assembly includes balancing weight 5, telescopic link 19, additional balancing weight 18, and telescopic link 19 has six, all adopts threaded connection between with balancing weight 5 and the additional balancing weight 18, and additional balancing weight 18 is provided with different weight, can select according to the demand in the experiment.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
the bottom end of said conduit 28 is inserted in the overlying soil layer 31,
the bottom end of the sleeve 26 is positioned within the hydrate porous media matrix 30,
the top end of the casing 26 passes through the wellhead 33 and the counterweight 5 and is connected with the PVC pipe 39 through a flange 38 in a flange mode.
The data acquisition and processing system provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for monitoring and analyzing the data of the sedimentation condition, the inclination condition and/or the strain and stress change condition of the simulated hydrate in the decomposition process.
Specifically, the data acquisition and processing system comprises a strain gauge type pressure sensor 24, a strain sensor 27, a first laser displacement sensor 32, a second laser displacement sensor 37 and a temperature and pressure detector 20;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the strain gauge type pressure sensors 24 are adhered to the outer walls of the sleeve 26 and the guide tube 28, and are uniformly distributed in the vertical direction,
the strain sensors 27 are adhered to the inner and outer walls of the sleeve 26,
and, the strain sensor 27 is also adhered to the outer wall of the conduit 28,
the first laser displacement sensor 32 is positioned on one side surface of the inner wall of the reaction kettle 29,
the second laser displacement sensor 37 is located at the top cover plate of the reaction vessel 29,
wherein, the first laser displacement sensor 32 and at least six telescopic joints on the balancing weight 5 are respectively kept in the same vertical plane,
the temperature and pressure detectors 20 are uniformly distributed inside the hydrate porous medium skeleton 30.
Specifically, the data acquisition and processing system includes strain gage pressure sensors 24, strain sensors 27, laser displacement sensors, and temperature and pressure detectors 20. The strain gauge type pressure sensors 24 are adhered to the outer walls of the sleeve 26 and the guide pipe 28 and are uniformly distributed along the vertical direction; the strain sensor 27 is adhered to the inner wall and the outer wall of the sleeve 26; the strain sensor 27 is adhered to the outer wall of the conduit 28; the first laser displacement sensor 32 and the second laser displacement sensor 37 are respectively positioned on the side wall and the cover plate of the reaction kettle 29; the first laser displacement sensors 32 positioned on the side walls and the six telescopic rods 19 on the balancing weight 5 are respectively kept in the same vertical plane; the temperature and pressure probe 20 is located within the hydrate porous media skeleton 30.
As a technical solution of the present invention, the disk-shaped gas uniform distribution plate 23 is an L-shaped polyvinyl chloride hard tube.
As a technical scheme of the invention, all the parts in the device are communicated through polyvinyl chloride hoses.
Based on the experimental device for the stability of the tubular column in the hydrate trial production process, the embodiment of the invention also provides an experimental method for the stability of the tubular column in the hydrate trial production process, fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the experimental method for the stability of the tubular column in the hydrate trial production process, and with reference to fig. 2, the experimental method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a simulation environment: preparing an upper covering soil layer 31 and a lower covering soil layer 43 in the reaction kettle 29 according to the soil characteristics of the target area, and sequentially placing the upper covering soil layer and the lower covering soil layer together with the hydrate porous medium skeleton 30 in the reaction kettle 29 to form a basic framework of a soil environment;
s2, applying force: connecting the additional balancing weight 18 with the telescopic rod 19, and simulating different operation working conditions by adjusting the length of the telescopic rod 19 and selecting the appropriate/different-mass additional balancing weight 18 to apply vertical loads and bending moments with different sizes to the wellhead 33;
s3, check before simulation: connecting the components of the systems through polyvinyl chloride hoses, blowing all the guide pipes 28 clean by using nitrogen, checking the air tightness of the deepwater hydrate exploitation tubular column system stability experiment device system, and checking whether all the parts of the device can work normally;
s4, preparation of hydrate: according to the temperature set in the hydrate porous medium skeleton 30 and the pressure value detected by the pressure detector 20, the temperature in the hydrate porous medium skeleton 30 is reduced to the required temperature through the circulating refrigerator 21, methane gas generated by a methane gas source 34 and water vapor generated by a deionized water source 1 are mixed and then continuously introduced into the hydrate porous medium skeleton 30, and when the gas quantity at the inlet and the outlet of the reaction kettle 29 is the same, the preparation of the hydrate is completed;
s5, decomposition of hydrate: stopping introducing the mixed gas and the operation of the circulating refrigerator 21, reducing the pressure of the sleeve 26 and the hydrate porous medium framework 30 through the pressure regulating pump 6 to decompose the hydrate, and exploiting the hydrate by using a simulated depressurization method;
s6, collecting gas and liquid respectively: removing sand from gas, liquid and silt generated by mining through a sand filter 7, obtaining methane gas and liquid through a gas-liquid separation device 10, measuring the gas through a gas mass flowmeter 12, storing the gas in a gas storage bottle 13, measuring the liquid through a rotameter, storing the liquid in a liquid collecting cylinder, and reflecting the yield and the decomposition rate of the methane gas in the hydrate decomposition process according to real-time data of a gas-liquid collecting unit;
s701, recording the change of sedimentation and inclination: recording the position of the guide pipe 28 in the soil before and after mining, analyzing data by combining a second laser displacement sensor 37 on a cover plate at the top of the reaction kettle 29, monitoring the settlement conditions of the upper soil covering layer 31 and the guide pipe 28 in the hydrate decomposition process, and monitoring the inclination condition of a pipe column system in the hydrate decomposition process according to the data of a first laser displacement sensor 32 on the side surface of the inner wall of the reaction kettle 29;
s702, recording the change conditions of strain and stress, acquiring data in real time through the strain gauge type pressure sensor 24 and the strain sensor 27, and monitoring the change conditions of strain and stress of the conduit and sleeve structure in the vertical direction in the decomposition process of the hydrate;
and S703, analyzing and processing the data, inputting the acquired data into the data acquisition and processing system 17, and analyzing and processing the acquired data.
One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: according to the experimental method and the experimental method for the stability of the tubular column in the hydrate pilot production process, soil physical property parameters, the hydrate decomposition process and the load on the top of a wellhead-multi-layer pipe system of a hydrate production well are simulated, and the scheme specifically comprises a hydrate preparation and production simulation system which is used for simulating the gas and/or liquid generated by decomposition in the depressurization decomposition process of the hydrate; the hydrate exploitation well wellhead-multi-layer pipe system is used for simulating vertical load and bending moment applied in the hydrate experiment process and simulating different operation working conditions; and the data acquisition and processing system is used for monitoring and analyzing the data of the sedimentation condition, the inclination condition and the strain and stress change condition of the simulated hydrate in the decomposition process. The method solves the problem that a shaft test research method is deficient in the hydrate exploitation process, facilitates the development of stability evaluation of a wellhead-multi-layer pipe system of the hydrate exploitation well under different exploitation working conditions, reveals the change rule of related parameters of the stability of the shaft in the hydrate exploitation process by combining the simulation experiment device and the method of the simulation experiment, and has important significance for the development of related numerical simulation analysis in the next step.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides an experimental apparatus of hydrate pilot production in-process tubular column stability which characterized in that: comprises that
The hydrate preparation and exploitation simulation system is used for simulating the gas and/or liquid generated by decomposition of the hydrate in the depressurization decomposition process; the hydrate preparation and exploitation simulation system comprises a raw material supply unit, a reaction unit and a gas-liquid collection unit;
the raw material supply unit consists of a methane gas source, a deionized water source, a preheater, a disc-shaped gas uniform distribution plate, a high-precision air injection pump, a high-precision water injection pump and a first one-way needle valve,
the methane gas source is connected with the high-precision gas injection pump and forms a gas conveying channel with the first one-way needle valve,
the deionized water source is connected with the high-precision water injection pump and forms a liquid flow channel with the preheater;
the gas conveying channel and the liquid flow channel are converged at the outlet end to form a gas-liquid mixing channel, and the gas-liquid mixing channel is connected with the inlet end of the disc-shaped gas uniform distribution plate;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the reaction unit consists of a reaction kettle, at least two covering soil layers, a circulating refrigerator and a hydrate porous medium skeleton,
the reaction kettle is a cylindrical container with a cover, an upper covering soil layer and a lower covering soil layer are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the reaction kettle, and the middle parts of the upper covering soil layer and the lower covering soil layer are provided with the hydrate porous medium skeleton;
the disc-shaped gas uniform distribution plate is arranged in the hydrate porous medium skeleton;
the upper covering soil layer and the lower covering soil layer are prepared according to the grain size, density and components of the submarine soil of the hydrate mining target area, and the field soil environment can be simulated to the maximum extent;
the reaction kettle is connected with the circulating refrigerator;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the gas-liquid collecting unit consists of a sand filter, a gas-liquid separating device, a liquid collecting cylinder, a gas storage cylinder, a pressure regulating pump, a back pressure valve, a pressure reducing valve, a gas mass flowmeter, a liquid rotameter, a second one-way needle valve and a pressure stabilizing valve,
one end of the pressure regulating pump is connected with an outlet part at the top of the reaction kettle, and the other end of the pressure regulating pump is communicated with the sand filter, the back pressure valve and the pressure reducing valve in sequence and then communicated with the gas-liquid separation device;
a liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separation device is sequentially connected with the second one-way needle valve and the liquid rotameter and then enters the liquid collection barrel;
a gas outlet of the gas-liquid separation device is sequentially connected with the pressure stabilizing valve and the gas mass flowmeter and then enters the gas storage cylinder;
the hydrate exploitation well wellhead-multi-layer pipe system is used for simulating vertical load and bending moment applied in the hydrate experiment process and simulating different operation working conditions; the wellhead-multilayer pipe system of the hydrate production well comprises a wellhead, a guide pipe, a cement sheath, a sleeve and a wellhead device assembly;
the data acquisition and processing system is used for monitoring and analyzing the data of the sedimentation condition, the inclination condition and/or the strain and stress change condition of the simulated hydrate in the decomposition process; the data acquisition and processing system comprises a strain gauge type pressure sensor, a strain sensor, a first laser displacement sensor, a second laser displacement sensor and a temperature and pressure detector;
the conduit is disposed within the hydrate porous media scaffold,
the casing is arranged inside the guide pipe, and the annular space between the guide pipe and the casing is formed into the cement sheath through cement;
the wellhead is welded with the top end of the guide pipe, and the bottom of the wellhead is in threaded connection with the casing pipe through a threaded joint;
and the number of the first and second electrodes,
the wellhead device assembly comprises a balancing weight, an expansion rod and an additional balancing weight,
six telescopic rods are arranged and are connected with the well mouth and the additional balancing weight through bolts,
the balancing weight is connected with the well mouth through a bolt,
the additional balancing weight is provided with different weights, and is selected according to requirements in an experiment;
the strain gauge type pressure sensors are adhered to the outer walls of the sleeve and the guide pipe and are uniformly distributed along the vertical direction,
the strain sensor is adhered to the inner wall and the outer wall of the sleeve,
moreover, the strain sensor is also adhered to the outer wall of the conduit,
the first laser displacement sensors are positioned on two side surfaces of the inner wall of the reaction kettle,
the second laser displacement sensor is positioned on the top cover plate of the reaction kettle,
wherein the first laser displacement sensor and at least six telescopic joints on the balancing weight are respectively kept in the same vertical plane,
the temperature and pressure detectors are uniformly distributed in the hydrate porous medium skeleton;
the bottom end of the conduit is inserted in the upper soil covering layer,
the end part of the bottom end of the sleeve is positioned in the hydrate porous medium framework, and the top end of the sleeve penetrates through the well mouth and the balancing weight to be connected with the PVC pipe through a flange plate flange.
2. The experimental device for stability of the tubular column in the process of pilot production of the hydrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the disk-shaped gas uniform distribution plate is an L-shaped polyvinyl chloride hard tube.
3. The experimental device for stability of the tubular column in the hydrate pilot production process according to claim 2, characterized in that: all parts in the device are communicated through polyvinyl chloride hoses.
4. An experimental method for the stability of a pipe column in the process of pilot production of hydrates, which is applied to the experimental device as claimed in claim 3, and comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a simulated environment: preparing an upper covering soil layer and a lower covering soil layer in the reaction kettle according to the soil characteristics of the target area, and sequentially placing the upper covering soil layer and the lower covering soil layer together with a hydrate porous medium skeleton in the reaction kettle to form a soil environment basic framework;
s2, applying force: connecting the additional balancing weight with the telescopic rod, and applying vertical loads and bending moments with different sizes to a wellhead by adjusting the length of the telescopic rod and selecting additional balancing weights with different weights, so as to simulate different working conditions;
s3, check before simulation: the component is connected with the systems, all the guide pipes are blown off by nitrogen, the air tightness of the experimental device is checked, and whether all parts of the device can work normally is checked;
s4, preparation of hydrate: according to the temperature set in the hydrate porous medium framework and the pressure value detected by the pressure detector, the temperature in the hydrate porous medium framework is reduced to the required temperature through the circulating refrigerator, methane gas and water vapor are mixed and then continuously introduced into the hydrate porous medium framework, and when the gas quantity at the inlet and the outlet of the reaction kettle is the same, the preparation of the hydrate is completed;
s5, decomposition of hydrate: stopping introducing the mixed gas and the operation of the circulating refrigerator, reducing the pressure of the sleeve and the porous medium skeleton of the hydrate through the pressure regulating pump to decompose the hydrate, and exploiting the hydrate by using a simulated depressurization method;
s6, collecting gas and liquid respectively: removing sandy soil from gas, liquid and silt generated by mining through a sandy soil filter, obtaining methane gas and liquid through a gas-liquid separation device, metering the gas through a gas mass flowmeter and storing the gas in a gas storage bottle, metering the liquid through a liquid rotameter and storing the liquid in a liquid collecting cylinder, and reflecting the yield and the decomposition rate of the methane gas in the hydrate decomposition process according to real-time data of a gas-liquid collecting unit;
s701, recording the change of sedimentation and inclination: recording the position of the guide pipe in the soil before and after mining, analyzing data by combining a second laser displacement sensor at a cover plate at the top of the reaction kettle, monitoring the settlement condition of an upper soil layer and the guide pipe in the hydrate decomposition process, and monitoring the inclination condition of a pipe column system in the hydrate decomposition process according to the data of the first laser displacement sensor at the side surface of the inner wall of the reaction kettle;
s702, recording the change condition of the strain and the stress: acquiring data in real time through a strain type pressure sensor and a strain sensor, and monitoring the strain and stress change conditions of the tubular column structure in the vertical direction in the hydrate decomposition process;
s703, data analysis and processing: and inputting the acquired data into a data acquisition and processing system, and analyzing and processing the acquired data.
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| CN111679061B (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2024-04-05 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Frozen soil stratum melting and sedimentation test simulation device and method |
| CN112665986B (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-06-25 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Test system and method for simulating geological deformation caused by hydrate thermal recovery |
| CN113187469B (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2022-02-25 | 广州海洋地质调查局 | Method for establishing communication connection between upper completion string and lower completion string |
| CN113898337A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2022-01-07 | 中国矿业大学 | Interaction model of hydrate exploitation shaft and sedimentary deposit and use method thereof |
| CN113931616A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-14 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司 | Omnibearing cyclic loading test device and method for deepwater underwater wellhead system |
| CN114517654A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-05-20 | 深圳市百勤石油技术有限公司 | Simulation operation experiment system suitable for gas production tree of natural gas hydrate well head |
| CN114278274B (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-05-26 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Natural gas hydrate exploitation simulation device and method |
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| CN108918266B (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2020-09-08 | 常州大学 | Experimental device and method for simulating influence of deep water geological disasters on pipe column strength |
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