CN101509367A - Oil reservoir development simulation system, upper-coated pressure system and data processing method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

A multimode linkage three-dimensional proportion simulation system of steam injection for thermal recovery of an oil reservoir comprises a steam injection system, a reservoir model body, an overburden pressure system and a data acquisition and graphic system; wherein, the overburden pressure system consists of a spherical pressure tank, a triple pump, a relief valve, an electrical heating component and temperature control interfaces and various pipeline interfaces thereof as well as corresponding connecting pipelines and valves. The technical proposal solves simulation of steam throughput elastic energy and the unique design of a cap layer, a bottom layer and the overburden pressure system ensures transmission of heat to the cap layer and the bottom layer, simulation of mass transfer and control of the overburden pressure during steam injection for thermal recovery of an oil layer.

Description

A kind of oil reservoir development simulation system, upper-coated pressure system and data processing method thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to the geology development technique, specifically belong to the oil development technology, relate more specifically to a kind of oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system that is used to study oil recovery by heating mechanism and predict its development effectiveness, and relate to a kind of upper-coated pressure system that in this oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system, uses; Additionally, the method that relates to employed data acquisition and processing in said system.

Background technology

As everyone knows, in geophysical prospecting for oil and development technique, improving the seismic prospecting precision, solving the geological problem of continental sedimentary basin complexity and select effective development plan is a system engineering, relates to many aspects of technology such as acquisition method, static correction technology, noise compact technique, meticulous imaging technique and exploitation physical analogy.

In the exploitation physical simulation techniques, the research method that improves oil recovery factor about oil recovery by heating mainly contains: physical analogy, numerical simulation, field test.Physical analogy is mainly carried out is the displacement of one dimension tubular type or two dimension, three-dimensional displacement test, and macroscopic view involves the seepage flow mechanism with displacement in the research oil reservoir; Numerical simulation mainly relies on revised Darcy's law, and some other relevant physics and chemical laws carry out numerical computations.But the oil recovery by heating process is a very complicated flow process, relate to a plurality of subjects such as physics, chemistry, mechanics, because a large amount of before this mechanism do not understand that the Mathematical Modeling imperfection of foundation, numerical simulation result can't reflect true the flowing in the oil reservoir fully.Field test is to reflect real flow process in the oil reservoir, and the data of acquisition are real, also are the contrast bases of other results of study.Weak point is that the data that obtain are less, can not solve the mechanism problem of some exploitation simulations and the Universal Problems in the engineering, and needs a large amount of financial resources and material resources support.

In addition, present existing thermal recovery scale model is to utilize the thermal recovery theory of similarity system that has proposed to be the basis, and is too simple, melt in actual industrial and can't really realize in sending out, and existing thermal recovery scale model carried out simulation at single development process.In the exploitation overall process of heavy crude reservoir, employed technology relates generally to the physical process of steam soak, steam flooding, SAGD a plurality of mutual linkings such as (SAGD), if adopt different existing thermal recovery scale models respectively, not only can't realize separately, and can't realize the linking between each physical process, thereby realize suitability for industrialized production.

In addition, difference according to model experiment condition and test pressure, (pressure is greater than 0.3MPa generally the steam flooding scale model to be divided into high pressure ratio physical model, temperature can reach more than 100 ℃), (pressure is 0～0.1MPa) and vacuum ratio physical model (simulated pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure, and the steam implantation temperature is lower than 100 ℃) three classes for low pressure ratio physical model.

Wherein, vacuum and low pressure model use and different fluid and the pore medias of prototype (geologic structure truth), test being lower than under the temperature of prototype, the pressure, thereby expenditure of construction are low, and be easy to operate.But,, cause the reference use value of actual oil reservoir development little owing to use and different fluid and the pore medias of prototype (geologic structure truth).Rock one fluid system that the high pressure model adopts and prototype oil reservoir much at one or close, its temperature, pressure also with prototype near or equate so interaction of distillation, rock and the fluid of thermal expansion, the crude oil of simulation rock preferably.But, set up perfect high pressure model and can face temperature, pressure height, the situation that equipment scale, technical difficulty and investment are high.Therefore, the basic upward pressure of having set up at present of thermal recovery high pressure model is all less than 5MPa, and temperature is less than 200 ℃, and then with actual geology or reservoir configuration is inequality and real simulate formation situation, thereby causes the reference use value to actual oil reservoir development neither be very big.If structure and true geology or the identical or close physical analogy model of reservoir configuration, and be faced with many technological difficulties and do not break through are adopted together etc. with annotating as heat and mass simulation under the reservoir condition, the sealing of high-temperature and high-pressure conditions drag, many wells.

Whole world viscous crude resource is huge, and its oil in place is higher than conventional gas and oil resource sum.China's viscous crude resource is also abundanter, but the oil reservoir type is various, the geological conditions complexity, and the oil property excursion is big, and oil reservoir buries darker, newfound super deep layer, hyposmosis heavy crude reservoir in addition.For with the subterranean resource reasonable development, for the development technique of heavy crude reservoir, be badly in need of a kind of suitable simulation mining technology at present, improve accuracy, oil recovery factor and the reasonable development heavy crude reservoir of exploitation with this.

Summary of the invention

At the deficiency of existing analogue technique, the present invention repeatedly tests and has studied complicated driving system and improves the oil recovery factor technology, has proposed a kind of oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system.Wherein related " thermodynamic-driven system three-dimensional oil reservoir physical simulation system " refers to according to the principle of similitude the actual oil reservoir in oil field as prototype by similar proportion contrived experiment model, simulating under the conditions such as actual reservoir temperature and pressure by means of modern science and technology, as advanced person's sensing technology, image processing technique, computer technology, automatic control technology or the like, on threedimensional model, carry out the physical simulation experiment research of complicated driving system.

According to the present invention, a kind of oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system is proposed, it comprises steam injected system, reservoir model body, upper-coated pressure system, data acquisition and graphic system; The steam injected system comprises parts such as high pressure constant speed measuring pump, steam generator, mass dryness fraction control; The steam injected system is used for providing the water vapour with certain temperature, flow velocity, pressure and mass dryness fraction to the reservoir model body; The reservoir model body is used to simulate actual oil reservoir, and it comprises reservoir model shell, heat insulation layer, simulating oil deposit, simulation straight well, Simulated Water horizontal well, pressure guiding pipe and thermocouple and interface thereof; Upper-coated pressure system comprises spherical pressure tank, fluid infusion pump, safety valve, electrical heating elements and temperature control thereof, all kinds of pipeline interface and corresponding connecting line, valve; Data acquisition and graphic system comprise electromagnetism-gas-driving valve, back-pressure valve, sample divider, data wire, temperature, pressure, differential pressure data collector and microcomputer, have functions such as flow monitoring, extraction control, test temperature, pressure early warning setting and collection.

Preferably, the spherical pressure tank in the upper-coated pressure system further is welded by dome head and flange, and upper and lower flange is by Bolt Connection, with the sealing of profile of tooth metal gasket; On the dome head support is installed under the described spherical pressure tank, in order to place the reservoir model body; Fluid infusion pump in the upper-coated pressure system provides and keeps spherical pressure tank simulated formation pressure; Be provided with three electrical heating elements and attemperating unit thereof on spherical pressure tank, so that the fluid in the spherical pressure tank is heated to reservoir temperature, the conduction of heat by reservoir model body cap, bottom makes the model oil reservoir reach the simulated formation temperature.

Further, on spherical pressure tank, be provided with 13 simulation well poling joints and 28 pressure guiding pipe poling joints and 6 thermocouple penetration piece interfaces; Described each parts are combined as a whole, and cooperation cooperates the function that realizes upper-coated pressure system.

Further, the system attachment of spherical pressure tank comprises: boom hoisting, safety valve, charging interface, discharging interface and spherical pressure tank insulation; Device for hoisting comprises lifting steel work and manual travelling; Charging and discharge port have high pressure valve, can inject and discharge test liquid in spherical pressure tank; Heat insulating material and stainless sheet steel outside spherical pressure tank, have been coated.

Further, spherical pressure tank supports to play and supports and the fixedly effect of whole test device, and the spherical pressure tank support comprises that three steel pipe supporting legs of even layout weld mutually with supporting leg base plate, steel pipe supporting leg and following dome head, the supporting leg base plate is connected with stone bolt and fixes.

Further, in oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system, further comprise in the discharge line, this discharge line comprises nozzle neck, gusset, bend pipe, screwed flange and stop valve, and nozzle neck is welded on down on the dome head, plays a transition role, and bend pipe is No. 20 steel pipes of Φ 35 * 6mm, and band reinforcement gusset, the nominal diameter of stop valve is DN25 (J44Y-160C).

Further, electric heating system comprises electric heater adapter, electric heater, thermocouple, temperature controller and solid-state relay, is used for liquid in the spherical pressure tank and heats and make fluid temperature maintain setting value.

Further, in oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system, taking over arranged around at following dome head discharge has three electric heaters to take over, and electric heater is installed on it, and the electric heater technical data is 3KW; Thermocouple is a K type thermocouple, and point for measuring temperature is arranged in the bottom of spherical pressure tank; Adopt temperature controller, solid-state relay that heating-up temperature is controlled

Further, spherical pressure tank adopts thermal insulation material to be incubated, the outside thick corrosion resistant plate of 0.2mm that coats of insulation layer.

Further, a two electro connecting pressure gauge is installed on the spherical pressure tank gauge manifold, on the spherical pressure tank feed pipe, is connected the fluid infusion pump; Relay of fluid infusion pumping source polyphone, two electro connecting pressure gauges are measured the spherical pressure tank internal pressure when the spherical pressure tank internal pressure is higher than setting value, and two electro connecting pressure gauge control relays disconnect, and the fluid infusion pump quits work; When the spherical pressure tank internal pressure was lower than setting value, two electro connecting pressure gauge control relays were connected, and the fluid infusion pump is reworked, and reaches setting value until the spherical pressure tank internal pressure.

Further, data acquisition and graphic system are made up of hardware and software two parts such as electromagnetism-gas-driving valve, back-pressure valve, sample divider, temperature, pressure, differential pressure data collection and treatment systems; Have functions such as flow monitoring, extraction control, test temperature, pressure early warning setting and collection, in the process of the test, can pass through microcomputer (control and the information processing platform) screen viewing to the arbitrary cross section of oil reservoir, longitudinal section and three-dimensional temperature field figure, thereby clearly judge steam and heat front the situation that involves in all directions.

Use this oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system, upper-coated pressure system and data acquisition treatment method, have the following advantages:

(1) simulation of adopting the similar structured approach of hydraulic pressure to solve the steam soak elastic energy.

(2) unique design of lid bottom, upper-coated pressure system, when having guaranteed the oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection, heat is to the control of cap rock, bottom heat transfer and Mass Transfer Simulation and burden pressure.

(3) unique design of its spherical pressure tank in the upper-coated pressure system has guaranteed the realistic well of burden pressure.

(4) scale model data acquisition and image processing system have accurately been realized high-precision analog.

Combine it, use the result after the simulation of this system and method, in actual recovery process, improved actual oil productivity widely.

Brief Description Of Drawings

Fig. 1 is according to oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the reservoir model body in the oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the upper-coated pressure system in the oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the syndeton of simulation straight well;

Fig. 5 is simulation straight well layout on the cover board;

Fig. 6 is a heating tube line structure schematic diagram;

Fig. 7 is a Simulated Water horizontal well side plate arrangement diagram;

Fig. 8 is the arrangement diagram of thermocouple on side plate;

Fig. 9 is a pressure guiding pipe arrangement diagram on the cover board;

Figure 10 is thermocouple and side plate connection diagram;

Figure 11 is pressure guiding pipe and cover plate connection diagram;

The schematic diagram that Figure 12 supports for spherical pressure tank;

Figure 13 is the structural representation of discharge line;

Figure 14 is the electric heating system structural representation;

Figure 15 is the layout of Simulated Water horizontal well poling joint;

Figure 16 is the layout of pressure guiding pipe poling joint;

Figure 17 is the schematic diagram of this body support frame of reservoir model;

Figure 18 is the structural representation of thermocouple penetration piece;

Figure 19 is the layout of thermocouple penetration piece at upper cover;

Figure 20 is the structural representation of kingbolt structure;

Figure 21 is the structural representation of mother nut structure;

Figure 22 is the structural representation that bolt stretch-draw machine system connects;

Figure 23 is the perforation structural representation of simulation well;

Figure 24 is multiple well pattern, other modular design schematic diagram of well;

Figure 25 (a)-25 (g) is respectively edge notes vapour, vapour, point-like notes vapour (steam soak), anti-9 methods, inverted five spot method, matrix method, the tiltedly well pattern design of anti-7 methods notes vapour are annotated in cutting;

Figure 26 is the schematic diagram of straight well and horizontal well combination example;

Figure 27 (a)-(d) is respectively different the notes and adopts the schematic diagram of pattern;

Figure 28-1 is followed successively by pre-treatment subsystem structure flow chart, experimental data acquisition subsystem structure flow chart, the post processing subsystem structure flow chart of data Collection ﹠ Processing System to Figure 28-3.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system that the present invention is proposed is described in detail.

Fig. 1 is according to oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system of the present invention, and this oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system mainly comprises with lower module: steam injected system, reservoir model body, upper-coated pressure system, data acquisition and graphic system.Particularly, oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system shown in Fig. 1 comprises high pressure constant speed measuring pump 1001, steam generator 1002, mass dryness fraction controller 1003, reservoir model body 1004, simulation straight well 1005, Simulated Water horizontal well 1006, upper-coated pressure system 1007, temperature control instrument 1008, fluid infusion pump 1009, safety valve 1010, electrical heating elements 1011, electromagnetism-gas-driving valve 1012, back-pressure valve 1013, sample divider 1014, data wire 1015, temperature, pressure, differential pressure data collector 1016, and microcomputer (control and the information processing platform) 1017.

The steam injected system is used for providing the water vapour with certain temperature, flow velocity, pressure and mass dryness fraction to the reservoir model body, mainly comprises parts 1003 such as high pressure constant speed measuring pump 1001, steam generator 1002, mass dryness fraction control.

The effect of upper-coated pressure system is to load the reservoir model body and apply burden pressure for the oil reservoir model ontology.Upper-coated pressure system also comprises spherical pressure tank, temperature control, all kinds of pipeline interface and corresponding connecting line, valve etc. except above-mentioned fluid infusion pump 1009, safety valve 1010, electrical heating elements 1011.

Data acquisition and graphic system are mainly used in the processing of monitoring, control and information datas such as temperature, pressure field in the collection of extraction liquid and the reservoir model body etc.Mainly comprise electromagnetism-gas-driving valve 1012, back-pressure valve 1013, sample divider 1014, data wire 1015, temperature, pressure, differential pressure data collector 1016 and microcomputer (control and the information processing platform) 1017, also have corresponding treatment system hardware and software part in addition.This data acquisition and graphic system have functions such as flow monitoring, extraction control, test temperature, pressure early warning setting and collection.

High pressure constant speed measuring pump 1001 provides displacement power for the steam injected system.High pressure constant speed measuring pump 1001 is squeezed into 1002 li of steam generators with the water of certain speed, pressure, produce the steam of uniform temperature, pressure and flow velocity by steam generator 1002, enter mass dryness fraction controller 1003 then, mix through vapour-water, produce the water vapour of required temperature, pressure, flow velocity and mass dryness fraction of test, inject reservoir model body 1004.

Flow to back-pressure valve 1013 extraction by electromagnetism-gas-driving valve 1012 controls by producing well (simulation straight well 1005 or Simulated Water horizontal well 1006) of the liquid of reservoir model body 1004 extraction by spherical pressure tank.Adopt sample divider 1014 to collect output liquid, carry out profit (or vapour) separate measurement.Utilizing thermal field, pressure field and steam injected system in the temperature, pressure, 1016 pairs of reservoir model bodies of differential pressure collector (sensor) 1004 and temperature, the pressure data of extraction pipeline to gather, is that three-dimensional field pattern test monitoring and data handle, store with graphic system with the transformation of data of gathering by data acquisition.

As shown in Figure 2, Fig. 2 is the reservoir model body in the oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system of Fig. 1.Reservoir model body 1004 is used to simulate actual oil reservoir, in fact comprises model shell, heat insulation layer, simulating oil deposit, simulation straight well, Simulated Water horizontal well, pressure guiding pipe and thermocouple and each corresponding interface.Described reservoir model body 1004 specifically comprises cover plate 2001, interior cutting ferrule 2002, simulation straight well 2003, reducing 2004, heating pipeline 2005, interior cutting ferrule 2006, pressure guiding pipe 2007, two logical 2008, heating pipeline 2009, cement cover board 2010, band 2011, flange 2012, model sand 2013, base plate 2014, cement bottom layer 2015, thermocouple 2016, two cutting ferrules 2017, thermocouple side plate 2018, plate 2019 behind the thermocouple, plate 2020 behind the vacuum heat-insulating layer, horizontal well side plate 2021, cementing agent 2022, vacuum heat-insulating layer side plate 2023, Simulated Water horizontal well 2024.

The reservoir model body housing is a stainless steel square housing, and upper and lower two flanges are arranged.Cover plate is placed on the upper flange, is connected sealing by bolt with the close joint material.Base plate is placed on below the lower flange, is connected sealing by bolt with the close joint material.Simulation straight well and pressure guiding pipe interface are arranged on the cover plate, the pressure guiding pipe interface is only arranged on the base plate.Arranged thermocouple interface and Simulated Water horizontal well interface on four blocks of side plates of model shell respectively, wherein three blocks of side plates are the thermocouple side plate, and another piece side plate is a Simulated Water horizontal well side plate.The steam that the steam injected system is injected is through injecting the reservoir model body by simulation straight well or horizontal well.Be double-deck adiabatic around the reservoir model shell inboard, skin is a vacuum heat-insulating layer, and internal layer has adopted refractory inorganic binder to apply and bondd hates the thermal insulation material of profit, prevents the heat waste of steam in jection.Be simulation lid, bottom below cover plate and above the base plate, can back-up sand between the lid bottom, in order to simulating oil deposit.Described each parts are combined as a whole, and cooperation cooperates the function that realizes the reservoir model body.

Fig. 3 is the upper-coated pressure system in the oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system among Fig. 1.

According to above-mentioned, the effect of upper-coated pressure system is to load the reservoir model body and apply burden pressure for the oil reservoir model ontology.Upper-coated pressure system also comprises spherical pressure tank, temperature control, all kinds of pipeline interface and corresponding connecting line, valve etc. except above-mentioned fluid infusion pump 1009, safety valve 1010, electrical heating elements 1011.

As shown in Figure 3, upper-coated pressure system is made up of spherical pressure tank, fluid infusion pump, safety valve, electrical heating elements and temperature control thereof, all kinds of pipeline interface and corresponding connecting line, valve etc.Upper-coated pressure system specifically comprises suspension ring 3001, safety valve 3002, charging interface 3003, thermocouple interface 3004, dome head 3005, flange 3006, bolt 3007, profile of tooth metal gasket 3008, this body support frame of reservoir model 3009, discharge line 3010, spherical pressure tank support 3011, thermocouple penetration piece a _1～6, straight well poling k _1～13, horizontal well poling e _1～9, pressure guiding pipe poling f _1～16, pressure guiding pipe poling g _{1 ~ 12}, electrothermal tube interface h _{1 ~ 3}, discharge gate j.

Spherical pressure tank is the pressure boundary of simulated formation, is welded by dome head and flange, and upper and lower flange is by Bolt Connection, with the sealing of profile of tooth metal gasket.Support is installed, in order to place the reservoir model body under the spherical pressure tank on the dome head.The fluid infusion pump provides and keeps spherical pressure tank simulated formation pressure.Be provided with three electrical heating elements and attemperating unit thereof on spherical pressure tank, can make the fluid in the spherical pressure tank be heated to reservoir temperature, the conduction of heat by reservoir model body cap, bottom makes simulating oil deposit reach the simulated formation temperature.Seal request when passing in and out spherical pressure tank for satisfying all kinds of pipelines of reservoir model body is provided with 13 simulation well poling joints and 28 pressure guiding pipe poling joints and 6 thermocouple penetration piece interfaces on spherical pressure tank.。Described each parts are combined as a whole, and cooperation cooperates the function that realizes upper-coated pressure system.

In oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode of the present invention interlock 3 d scale model system, data acquisition and graphic system are mainly used in the processing of monitoring, control and information datas such as the collection of extraction liquid and the interior temperature of reservoir model body, pressure field etc.Mainly comprise electromagnetism-gas-driving valve 1012, back-pressure valve 1013, sample divider 1014, data wire 1015, temperature, pressure, differential pressure data collector 1016 and microcomputer (control and the information processing platform) 1017, also have corresponding treatment system hardware and software part in addition.This data acquisition and graphic system have functions such as flow monitoring, extraction control, test temperature, pressure early warning setting and collection.In process of the test, can pass through microcomputer (control and the information processing platform) screen viewing to the arbitrary cross section of oil reservoir, longitudinal section and three-dimensional temperature field figure, thereby clearly judge steam and heat front the situation that involves in all directions.To Figure 28-3, represented data Collection ﹠ Processing System respective handling flow chart at Figure 28-1.

Further, below in conjunction with concrete function relation and description of drawings,, oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system of the present invention is described in more detail with more full and accurate embodiment.

The reservoir model body and the part that is associated thereof

In another embodiment, describe the reservoir model body and the parts partly that are associated thereof that constitute in the oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system in detail.

(1) reservoir model shell and heat insulation layer

The reservoir model shell is the square housing that corrosion resistant plate is welded, and for ease of assembly and disassembly, upper and lower two flanges is arranged.Simulation straight well and pressure guiding pipe interface are arranged on the cover plate, the pressure guiding pipe interface is only arranged on the base plate, cover plate and base plate and reservoir model shell flange adopt Ge Er band high temperature resistant, high pressure to seal.Arranged thermocouple interface and Simulated Water horizontal well interface on four blocks of side plates of reservoir model shell respectively, wherein three blocks of side plates are the thermocouple side plate, and another piece side plate is a Simulated Water horizontal well side plate.Be double-deck adiabatic around the reservoir model shell inboard, skin is a vacuum heat-insulating layer, internal layer has adopted refractory inorganic binder to apply and bondd hates the thermal insulation material of profit, and for preventing the channelling along model boundary of oil or water, the hacking processing has been carried out in the heat insulation layer inboard.Heat insulation layer everywhere seam and and the model shell between adopted refractory inorganic binder to apply and bondd, both can prevent the cracking of heat insulation layer, can prevent that again heat insulation layer from reducing insulation effect because of oil impregnate, infiltration.

(2) simulating oil deposit

Build bottom for simulation below cover plate and above the base plate, its thickness can be regulated according to test requirements document, to simulate the heat conduction situation of actual oil reservoir lid, bottom.Can load oil reservoir hole simulation medium between lid, the bottom, to simulate the flooding unit of different well patterns, its clear space is the cube of 500mm * 500mm * 560mm.Whole reservoir model body places on the interior model support of upper-coated pressure system, and the difference of reservoir model body internal pressure and upper-coated pressure system pressure is not more than 0.5MPa.The intrinsic maximum operating temperature of reservoir model is 350 ℃, and the temperature of reservoir model body outer wall is less than 60 ℃.

(3) simulation well is arranged

Model well arranges and is provided with more than 9 mouthfuls of simulation straight wells with more than 9 mouthfuls of Simulated Water horizontal wells that Simulated Water horizontal well and simulation straight well are the stainless steel tube of Φ 8 * 1mm, slit are arranged to simulate penetrating out of actual oil well on it.The simulation straight well is arranged on the cover board, link to each other with cover plate by interior cutting ferrule, link to each other with the heating pipeline by reducing, its structure as shown in Figure 4, comprising cover plate 4001, vacuum heat-insulating layer 4002, reducing 4003, heating pipeline 4004, cap rock 4005, interior cutting ferrule 4006, simulate straight well 4007.Described each parts are combined as a whole, and cooperation cooperates the function that realizes that simulation is provided with.

As shown in Figure 4, in the simulation straight well, each several part is specially: cover plate 4001, vacuum heat-insulating layer 4002, reducing 4003, heating pipeline 4004, cap rock 4005, interior cutting ferrule 4006, simulation straight well 4007.

Fig. 5 is simulation straight well layout on the cover board, is specially 9 mouthfuls of simulation straight wells position on the cover board.Each several part is specially to: cover plate 5001, clamping bolt 5002, simulation straight well and layouts 5003.

Fig. 6 is a heating tube line structure schematic diagram.The heating pipeline be for prevent fluid in the pipeline in flowing towards periphery the heat waste of environment design, as shown in Figure 6, its structure comprises: interior pipe 6005, thermocouple 6004, inner insulating layer 6002, heating wire 6006, external insulation insulation layer 6003 and outer tube 6001.This heating pipeline can carry out temperature control, satisfies test setting requirement to guarantee the fluid temperature (F.T.) in the pipeline.

Fig. 7 is a Simulated Water horizontal well side plate arrangement diagram, and other 9 mouthfuls of Simulated Water horizontal wells are arranged on the side plate, and its type of attachment and position and simulation straight well are similar, and Fig. 7 is a Simulated Water horizontal well side plate arrangement diagram.Each several part is respectively shown in Fig. 7: horizontal well side plate 7001, Simulated Water horizontal well layout 7002.

(4) the temperature and pressure measuring point is arranged

Arrange 200 temperature points and 58 pressure-measuring-points in the reservoir model body, all thermocouples pass three block models shell side plates and introduce model inside, and 58 pressure guiding pipes are introduced model inside through cover plate and base plate respectively.

Fig. 8 is the arrangement diagram of thermocouple on side plate.Each several part is respectively among Fig. 8: thermocouple side plate 8001, thermocouple layout 8002.

Fig. 9 is a pressure guiding pipe arrangement diagram on the cover board.Each several part is respectively among Fig. 9: cover plate 9001, pressure guiding pipe layout 9002.

Figure 10 is thermocouple and side plate connection diagram.Each several part is respectively among Figure 10: thermocouple 10001, interior cutting ferrule 10002, pressure pad 10003, side plate 10004.

Figure 11 is pressure guiding pipe and cover plate connection diagram.Each several part is respectively among Figure 11: piezometer tube 11001, two logical 11002 pressure guiding pipes 11003, interior cutting ferrule 11004, cover plate 11005.

The long 1.5m of all thermocouples in the above-mentioned accompanying drawing, diameter of phi 1.2mm, pressure guiding pipe are the stainless steel tube of Φ 6 * 1mm.

In another embodiment, upper-coated pressure system and the relevant portion thereof in the description oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system.In upper-coated pressure system as shown in Figure 3, comprise thermocouple penetration piece a _1～6, vertical shaft poling k _1～13, horizontal well poling e _1～9, pressure guiding pipe poling f _1～16, pressure guiding pipe poling g _{1 ~ 12}, electrothermal tube interface h _{1 ~ 3}, discharge gate j.

Upper-coated pressure system specifically comprises following part:

(1) spherical pressure tank

Spherical pressure tank is the pressure boundary of simulated formation, with reference to GB150-98 type design, making, is welded by dome head and flange, and upper and lower flange is by Bolt Connection, with the sealing of profile of tooth metal gasket.Apply enough and uniform pretightning forces and for convenience detach to bolt during for guarantee test, be equipped with special-purpose bolt stretch-draw machine.High pressure constant speed measuring pump provides and keeps simulated formation pressure.Be the simulated formation temperature, on spherical pressure tank, be provided with electrical heating elements, can make the interior fluid of spherical pressure tank be heated to the test temperature of reservoir temperature or setting, seal request when passing in and out spherical pressure tank for satisfying all kinds of pipelines is provided with injection-production well interface, pressure guiding pipe interface and thermocouple interface on spherical pressure tank.

The spherical pressure tank system attachment comprises: boom hoisting, safety valve, charging interface, discharging interface and spherical pressure tank insulation etc.Boom hoisting is made up of lifting steel work and manual travelling etc., installs at the scene, debugs.Charging and discharge port have high pressure valve, can inject and discharge test liquid in spherical pressure tank.For guaranteeing that the liquid in the spherical pressure tank keeps the temperature of setting, has coated heat insulating material and stainless sheet steel outside spherical pressure tank.

(2) spherical pressure tank supports

Spherical pressure tank supports to play and supports and the fixedly effect of whole test device, comprises three the steel pipe supporting legs and the supporting leg base plate of even layout, and the steel pipe supporting leg welds mutually with following dome head, and the supporting leg base plate is connected with stone bolt and fixes.The schematic diagram that Figure 12 supports for spherical pressure tank.As shown in Figure 12,12001 is the supporting leg base plate, and 12002 is the steel pipe supporting leg, and 12003 are following dome head.

(3) discharge line

Discharge line is for discharging the spherical pressure pot liquid after the off-test, discharge line comprises nozzle neck, gusset, bend pipe, screwed flange and stop valve.Nozzle neck is welded on down on the dome head, plays a transition role, and bend pipe is No. 20 steel pipes of Φ 35 * 6mm, and band reinforcement gusset, and the nominal diameter of stop valve is DN25 (J44Y-160C).Figure 13 is the structural representation of discharge line.As shown in figure 13,13001 is nozzle neck, and 13002 is gusset, and 13003 is bend pipe, and 13004 is screwed flange, and 13005 is stop valve.

(4) electric heating system

Figure 14 is the electric heating system structural representation, and electric heating system is for the liquid in the spherical pressure tank heats, and makes fluid temperature maintain setting value, and it comprises: electric heater adapter, electric heater, thermocouple, temperature controller and solid-state relay etc.

Taking over arranged around at following dome head discharge has three electric heaters to take over, and electric heater, electric heater technical data: power 3KW are installed on it; Thermocouple is a K type thermocouple, and point for measuring temperature is arranged in the bottom of spherical pressure tank; Adopt temperature controller, solid-state relay that heating-up temperature is controlled.As shown in Figure 14,14001 for electric heater take over, 14002 be solid-state relay, 14003 for temperature controller, 14004 for pressure display instrument, 14005 for A.C. contactor, 14006 for general supply, 14007 for insurance, 14008 be branch switch.

(5) Simulated Water horizontal well poling joint and pressure guiding pipe poling joint

Be furnished with 9 Simulated Water horizontal well poling joints and 28 pressure guiding pipe poling joints under the spherical pressure tank on the dome head, joint all adopts NPT1/2 " taper thread joint.The layout of Simulated Water horizontal well poling joint as shown in figure 15, e1～e9 Simulated Water horizontal well wherein.The layout of pressure guiding pipe poling joint as shown in figure 16, wherein c1～c12 and f1～f16 are the pressure guiding pipe poling.

(6) simulation straight well poling joint

Be furnished with 13 simulation vertical shaft poling joints under the spherical pressure tank on the dome head, joint is NPT3/4, and " the taper thread joint, it arranges that k1～k13 simulates straight well shown in Figure 15,16.

(7) this body support frame of reservoir model

Figure 17 is the schematic diagram of this body support frame of reservoir model.As shown in figure 17, this body support frame of reservoir model that is welded by angle steel is installed under the spherical pressure tank on the dome head.Wherein each parts is respectively: fixed head 17001, angle steel 17002, supporting leg 17003, crossbeam 17004.

(8) thermocouple penetration piece

Figure 18 is the structural representation of thermocouple penetration piece.As shown in figure 18, the thermocouple penetration piece is the passage of all armouring thermocouple turnover spherical pressure tanks, form by nozzle neck, adapter, flange, blind flange and upper and lower sealing mat etc., wherein 18001 is nozzle neck, 18002 for taking over, and 18003 is flange, and 18004 is blind flange, 18005 is last sealing mat, and 18006 is the lower seal pad.

Figure 19 is the layout of thermocouple penetration piece at upper cover.As shown in figure 19, be furnished with 6 such penetration pieces on the last dome head altogether, wherein a1～a6 is the thermocouple penetration piece.

(9) end socket, flange and sealing mat

The upper and lower end socket of spherical pressure tank is dome head, forms with the 16MnR steel plate, and steel plate materials meets the regulation of GB6654-1996 " steel heavy plate for pressure vessels ", carries out ultrasonic testing/ ultrasonic examination by the regulation of JB4730-94 after the punch forming and detects, and reaches the III grade standard.All kinds of poling joints are arranged on it, all adopt the full penetration weld welding.Its structure as shown in Figure 3.

The upper and lower flange of spherical pressure tank adopts 16Mn (IV) forging to carry out processing and manufacturing, forging is made and is checked and accepted by the IV grade standard of JB4726-2000 " pressure vessel with carbon steel and low-alloy steel forging " regulation, carries out the ultrasonic testing/ ultrasonic examination detection by the regulation of the middle table 4 welding neck flange forging of JB4726-2000 " pressure vessel with carbon steel and low-alloy steel forging " after the forging roughing.The customization bolt of 32 M56 is adopted in the connection of upper and lower flange, and its structure as shown in figure 20.

The tooth profile metal sealing mat is adopted in sealing between the upper and lower flange, and the technical requirements of sealing mat is with reference to the pertinent regulations of " HG20632-1997 ".

(10) kingbolt, mother nut

Kingbolt and mother nut are in order to be connected upper and lower flange, and its structure is respectively as Figure 20 and shown in Figure 21.The specification of kingbolt is M56 * 3, and material is 35CrMoA, and the material of mother nut is 40Mn.Kingbolt and mother nut design for the bolt stretch-draw machine of customization.

(11) bolt stretch-draw machine

Figure 22 is the structural representation that bolt stretch-draw machine system connects.Bolt stretch-draw machine system is used to tighten up and dismantles kingbolt, mother nut.Each parts is respectively among Figure 22: hydraulic press 2200, oil pipe 22002, tensioning nut 22003, stretch-draw packing ring 22004, stretch-draw machine 22005, kingbolt 22006, mother nut 22007, main washer 22008, main flange 22009.

Employed instrument is hydraulic jack and supporting high-pressure oil pipe, and the maximum oil pressure of supporting high-pressure oil pipe is 80MPa.

Spherical pressure tank operating pressure: P=15MPa

Bolt calculates pretightning force: N=577KN

Spherical pressure tank hydraulic test pressure: P ₀=18.75MPa

Bolt calculates pretightning force: N ₀=720KN

Stretch-draw machine body dimension:

External diameter: D=Φ 130mm

Internal diameter: d=Φ 61mm

According to formula $\frac{\mathrm{\π}}{4}(D^2-d^2)P\′=N$ Calculate hydraulic press oil pressure P ':

Hydraulic press oil pressure P ' when setting the hydrostatic test ₀:

$P_0\′=\frac{4}{\mathrm{\π}(D^2-d^2)}N=\frac{4\×720\×{10}^3}{3.14\×({130}^2-{61}^2)}=69.6\mathrm{MPa}$

Get $P_0\′=70\mathrm{MPa}$

Hydraulic press oil pressure during setting work:

$P\′=\frac{4\×577\×{10}^3}{3.14\×({130}^2-{61}^2)}=55.7\mathrm{MPa}$

Get P=56MPa

(12) feeding line, pressure gauge connection and relief valve connection

The structure and the discharge line of feeding line, pressure gauge connection and relief valve connection are similar, and its layout on last ball sealing head can be with reference to Figure 11.Manometric model is Y-100, and specification is 0～25MPa; The model of safety valve is A41H-160, and specification is DN15.

Safety valve A41H-160 main performance index is:

1. nominal pressure: 16.0MPa;

2. sealing load scope: 10.0～16.0MPa;

3. Applicable media: air, nitrogen, water, oils;

4. Applicable temperature:＜200 ℃;

5. inside nominal diameter: DN15mm.

(13) spherical pressure tank insulation

Spherical pressure tank adopts thermal insulation material to be incubated, the outside thick corrosion resistant plate of 0.2mm that coats of insulation layer.

(14) the spherical pressure pressure tank is kept

A two electro connecting pressure gauge is installed on the spherical pressure tank gauge manifold, on the spherical pressure tank feed pipe, is connected the fluid infusion pump.Relay of fluid infusion pumping source polyphone, two electro connecting pressure gauges are measured the spherical pressure tank internal pressure.When the spherical pressure tank internal pressure was higher than setting value, two electro connecting pressure gauge control relays disconnected, and the fluid infusion pump quits work; When the spherical pressure tank internal pressure was lower than setting value, two electro connecting pressure gauge control relays were connected, and the fluid infusion pump is reworked, and reaches setting value until the spherical pressure tank internal pressure.

Data acquisition and graphic system

In another embodiment, in conjunction with reference to Figure 28-1 to Figure 28-3, data acquisition and graphic system in the detailed presentations oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection of the present invention multimode interlock 3 d scale model system, this data acquisition and graphic system are mainly used in the processing of monitoring, control and information datas such as temperature, pressure field in the collection of extraction liquid and the reservoir model body etc., mainly are made up of system hardware and software two parts.System hardware mainly comprises electromagnetism-gas-driving valve 1012, back-pressure valve 1013, sample divider 1014, data wire 1015, temperature, pressure, differential pressure data collector 1016 and microcomputer (control and the information processing platform) 1017.This data acquisition and graphic system have functions such as flow monitoring, extraction control, test temperature, pressure early warning setting and collection.In process of the test, can pass through microcomputer (control and the information processing platform) screen viewing to the arbitrary cross section of oil reservoir, longitudinal section and three-dimensional temperature field figure, thereby clearly judge steam and heat front the situation that involves in all directions.

Figure 28-1 to Figure 28-3 be data Collection ﹠ Processing System respective handling flow chart.Data acquisition and graphic system in the oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale model system are made up of pre-treatment subsystem, experimental data acquisition subsystem, post processing subsystem.Three sub-system data interfaces are realized the transmission of data flow by file.

(1) pre-treatment subsystem

The pre-treatment subsystem has been realized test model three-dimensional grid subdivision, and functions such as sensor measurement layer, measuring point dynamic arrangements, general structure comprise that test model modeling mesh generation, main body control platform, attribute sensor configuration and test grid dynamically layout etc.

Pre-treatment subsystem structure flow process:

(1) opens pre-treatment subsystem operations platform, set up the pre-treatment construction document.

(2) select the pre-treatment model, comprise two dimensional surface model or threedimensional model.

(3) the reservoir model body interior structure of test is carried out modeling.

Physical dimension and measuring point structure according to actual reservoir model body are set up temperature, pressure sensor three-dimensional grid simulation model.Operating platform provides the three-dimensional internal structure graph of the reservoir model body of test to show, functions such as the rotation that can provide by data acquisition and graphic system, Pan and Zoom are observed the internal feature of actual emulation reservoir model body easily.

(4) carry out sensor and measure the modeling of layouting of layer two dimension, Three-Dimensional Dynamic

At first carry out the initialization of measuring point coordinate, the distributed in three dimensions position of sensor is set, for example comprise the number of plies, line number and the columns of sensor.Carry out the position and the attribute configuration of sensor then, comprise kind, model, range of sensor etc.

(5) preserve pre-treatment simulation result and data file.

(2) experimental data acquisition subsystem

The experimental data acquisition subsystem has not only been realized the data in real time storage, has also realized thermal field, pressure field and the analysis of saturation field coupling test and the analysis of the various physical quantity real-time graph of three dimensional taest model image monitoring of simulating oil deposit simultaneously in gatherer process.General structure comprises the pre-processing file interface, and the two-dimentional three-dimensional cloud atlas and the isopleth of the vapor chamber developmental condition of the configuration of all kinds sensor type, analog input card hardware driving, simulating oil deposit monitored in real time, various pipeline temperature, pressure is monitored, bad some abnormity point is handled, capture file is preserved in real time.

Data acquisition subsystem structure operation flow process:

(1) opens the data acquisition subsystem operating platform, read pre-treatment simulation result and data file, set up the data acquisition construction document.

(2) select the display monitoring window, the configure hardware parameter is finished the initial work that engineering is gathered in test.

(3) the bad point in the data gatherer process, abnormity point are carried out the intelligent decision setting, so that the data acquisition subsystem operating platform carries out interpolation processing from motion tracking.

(4) the multiwindow data monitoring shows

Can carry out thermal field, pressure field and 24 monitoring of totals such as saturation field and flow monitoring window numeral of simulating oil deposit in the reservoir model body simultaneously monitors in real time with figure.

(5) test oil reservoir model ontology two dimensional cross-section, three-dimensional cloud atlas and isopleth dynamic monitoring

Can be simultaneously to the two dimensional cross-section of the intrinsic cap rock of reservoir model, bottom, thermal field, pressure field, three-dimensional cloud atlas and the real-time monitoring display of isopleth, and the bad point in the data acquisition, abnormity point carry out interpolation processing from motion tracking.

(6) capture file real-time storage.

Experimental data post processing subsystem provides fast, mathematics interpolation computing method reliably, solved the problem that the magnanimity test data analyzer is difficult to artificial treatment, especially the difficult problem of three-dimensional modeling data field motion graphics graphical analysis.Comprise that mainly capture file interface, test model mesh generation, discrete point experimental data interpolation, three dimensional space coordinate are that conversion, test model thermal field, pressure field and saturation field isopleth cloud atlas dynamically show, various section isopleth cloud atlas is exported, create BMP image and video avi file, 3 D-printing preview and printout etc.

(3) post processing subsystem

Post processing subsystem structure operating process:

(1) opens the post processing subsystem operations, read the data acquisition data file, set up the post processing data file.

(2) experimental data file process and format conversion generate post-processed file.

(3) to the mesh generation initialization of simulating oil deposit in the reservoir model body, grid cell quantity is set,, carries out the discrete data interpolation calculation according to the node compiling.

(4) log-on data player is checked any time three-dimensional and the isopleth of section, the dynamic image of cloud atlas.

(5) image output and video recording.Three-dimensional cloud atlas, isopleth or various profile graphics can be saved as the image file of BMP form, gatherer process after treatment can be recorded a video with visual way, save as the AVI video file format.

The research object and the operating principle of oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system

Use oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode of the present invention interlock 3 d scale simulation system will be respectively at the steam soak of single process study; the viscous crude heat extraction by steam injection physical analogy theory of similarity of steam flooding and SAGD three broad theory systems combines; set up steam soak; steam flooding; the implementation method of the SAGD interlock theory of similarity; thereby overcome the steam soak similarity criterion that proposes by Niko and Troost; mainly comprise by Stegemeier; the steam flooding similarity criterion of vacuum model similarity criterion array that Volk and Laumbach propose and the high pressure scale model similarity criterion array that proposes by Pujol and Boberg; the defective of the SAGD (SAGD) that is proposed by Butler has promptly overcome only reservoir fluid; rock property; time scales etc. are modelling and have bigger probabilistic problem in comprehensive conclusion the repeatedly just.And having derived comprises steam soak, steam flooding for the main similarity criterion that reaches the SAGD overall process, sees Table 1.

Table 1 is handled up changes choosing of SAGD physical analogy similarity criterion

Each symbol specifically is expressed as follows in last table:

L-well spacing

R-likelihood ratio

M-physical model

F-oil field

Δ ρ-oily vapour density is poor

Δ P-producing pressure differential

T-time

α-thermal diffusion coefficient

Q-injection rate

K-permeability

μ _o-viscosity of crude

G-acceleration of gravity

H-reservoir thickness

φ-degree of porosity

Δ S _o-mobile oil saturation

v _oThe kinematic viscosity of oil under the-vapor (steam) temperature

Further, oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system of the present invention and method have following characteristics.

(1) simulation of adopting the similar structured approach of hydraulic pressure to solve the steam soak elastic energy.

The modelling technique of steam soak under the well pattern condition is the problem that solves of all not improving both at home and abroad at present.Scale model and archetype geometric similarity, therefore all length is represented with characteristic length L in dimensionless group.Since in scale model and the archetype between crude oil and the steam density contrast and degree of porosity much at one, the characteristic length of suppose scale model than the little n of archetype doubly, oil compressibility just should be than high n times of archetype so.This situation is impossible.

In order to carry out the simulated test of steam soak under the well pattern condition, the inventor has proposed the similar structured approach of employing hydraulic pressure.

The cyclic steam stimulation viscous crude is meant at Ben Jing finishes steam injection, stewing well and three continuous process of opening well and making production.Steam injects the stratum, not only improves reservoir temperature, and has improved strata pressure, and promptly reservoir rock and fluid volume expand, and have formed elastic energy.During opening well and making production, mother oil displacement is come out by the release of elastic energy.

The similar structured approach of hydraulic pressure utilizes the HTHP physical model exactly, simulation is under the well pattern condition during steam soak process of the test, take the elastic devices of additional one or more groups hydraulic control, the elastic energy that will be higher than certain pressure stores temporarily, and the release by the hydraulic control elastic energy when opening well and making production.

The experimental procedure of this method is summarized as follows:

1, sets up the ratio physical model.According to similarity criterion with oil reservoir prototype ratio modelling; According to modelling parameter filling oil reservoir ratio physical model, and the highest simulated test pressure P max when testing that determines to handle up.

2, connect the elastic energy storage device.It is Pmax that back pressure regulator on the elastic energy storage device is provided with back pressure.

3, begin steam in jection-simulation steam injection process of handling up by schematic design injection rate and injection rate.When model pressure rose to Pmax, fluid can enter in the piston container of elastic energy storage device automatically by the pipeline that connects in the model.

4, the stewing well process of simulation, elastic energy storage device pressure changes with physical model and changes synchronously.

5, during opening well and making production, control elastic energy storage device progressively discharges elastic energy, until oil yield near production rate limit.

Finish the steam soak process of one-period like this by the similar structured approach of hydraulic pressure.

(2) unique design of lid bottom, when having guaranteed the oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection, heat conducts heat and Mass Transfer Simulation to cap rock, bottom.

Actual oil reservoir is an infinitely great stratum, and physical model is the entity of a fixed size.Viscous crude is by steam injection development, the utilization of heat and loss be to need special concern.Calculate the core intersection of model by similarity criterion after, the thickness of cap rock, bottom can not be infinitely great, so cap rock reasonable in design, the thickness of bottom are just particularly crucial, with the needs of the heat transfer of satisfying simulated oil course cap rock (face of land) and bottom (depths, the earth's core).Design procedure is summarized as follows:

1, determines lid, the primer that the filling model is used, can select cement bonded sand, clay or other medium.

Coefficient of thermal conductivity K when 2, measuring the saturation water of this material _hWith thermal diffusion coefficient α.

3, can calculate the thickness of lid, bottom according to following expression formula.

Heat waste in the infinite heavy back layer of less border temperature difference T is arranged is:

$Q_{\∞}=\frac{{\mathrm{\αK}}_h\mathrm{\ΔT}\sqrt{t}}{\sqrt{\mathrm{\π\α}}}$ (A-10)

And cap rock is limited thick Z _cThe time heat waste be:

$Q_f=\frac{{\mathrm{\αK}}_h\mathrm{\ΔT}\sqrt{t}}{\sqrt{\mathrm{\π\α}}}(1+\mathrm{\α}\sqrt{\mathrm{\π}}\underset{n=1}{\overset{\∞}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\mathrm{ierfc}\frac{{\mathrm{nz}}_c}{\sqrt{\mathrm{\αt}}})$ (A-11)

The relative error of heat waste is under above-mentioned two kinds of situations:

$\mathrm{\η}=\frac{Q_f-Q_{\∞}}{Q_{\∞}}\×100\%=\left(\mathrm{\α\π}\underset{n=1}{\overset{\∞}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\mathrm{ierfc}\frac{{\mathrm{nz}}_c}{\sqrt{\mathrm{\αt}}}\right)$ (A-12)

In the formula: Q _∞-heat waste by infinite thick cap rock;

Q _f-heat waste by limited thick cap rock;

Δ T-border the temperature difference;

K _h-coefficient of thermal conductivity;

α-thermal diffusion coefficient;

T-time;

$\mathrm{ierfc}\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\mathrm{\π}}}{e}^{{-x}^2}-\mathrm{xerfc}\left(x\right):$ Complementary error function;

Wherein $\mathrm{erfc}\left(x\right)=\frac{\mathrm{\α}}{\sqrt{\mathrm{\π}}}{\∫}_{\mathrm{\τ}}^{\∞}{e}^{{-x}^2}\mathrm{dx}$ Be error function.

Can calculate according to the heat transfer error of test period and setting and to cover underlayer thickness.

(3) unique design of simulation well pit shaft perforation has guaranteed that the perforation structure of simulation well meets real well.

When carrying out the pit shaft design, injection-production well should adopt easy replacing structure, so that simulate different Kong Mi and perforation gap, but mineshaft diameter can not equally with model dwindle by geometric proportion.Reason is that if imagination is dwindled by geometric proportion, wellbore model will be " miniature ".For example in actual oil reservoir, well spacing usually be tens meters to hundreds of rice, and moulded dimension has only tens centimetres, the geometric proportion of model and prototype generally at 1:100 between the 1:150, if the oil well diameter actual is Φ 200mm, in this ratio then the simulation well diameter have only 1mm to 2mm.To this situation, except simulation well was made comparatively difficulty, mobility status also differed greatly with prototype in the well.

The design of mineshaft diameter is generally not according to geometric proportion, and real size depends on the needs of connecting line and simulation well structure, should not be too thin, otherwise will cause difficulty to perforation, also be difficult to guarantee straight requirement.

Because the simulation well diameter can not dwindle by geometric proportion, but done suitable amplification, the mobility status when She Ji fluid flow is by pit shaft and perforation in proportion will have greatly changed, the particularly variation of falling of the pressure by perforation.For producing well, because seepage velocity is very low, the influence that causes is smaller, and what annotate that the vapour well passes through is high temperature, high steam, and flow velocity is very high, and the influence of formation is just big.

Past people once managed to take measures in simulation well, and the pressure drop by perforation is increased.Wherein a kind of way is that vapour is aboveground joins an additional sand packed bed annotating, and is increased by the pressure drop that makes perforation annotate vapour behind the packed bed.In fact this measure is also unrealistic, is not a fixed value because annotate the steam flow amount, but changes in the scope of a broad, therefore needs a lot of additional packed beds.Another kind of way is the very trickle joint-cutting of processing on simulation well, makes the pressure drop by the simulation well perforation reach requirement, will find that by calculating such joint-cutting is too narrow, to such an extent as to can't realize on the technology.

According to these situations, when handling, the simulation well perforation to consider the following aspects:

1. the width of slit of simulation well should be narrow as far as possible, and for example 0.5～1mm depends on processing technology;

2. width of slit will make the unlikely pit shaft that enters of model sand, otherwise, can be at the net of the suitable order number of pit shaft outer wrapping;

3. should guarantee that simulation well cuts the complete of back shaft structure, must not deform that for example the pit shaft joint-cutting should not one reaches the end, should divide several sections incisions;

4. the incision direction of simulation well should be identical with direction of flow, and the flow direction that must not make fluid is facing to model boundary;

The perforation number of 5. full well, 1/2 well and 1/4 well should be in corresponding ratio, and the perforation direction after the installation also should take in.

Two kinds of methods of perforation simulated normal employing: additional drag method and otch method.

The additional drag method is to prolong oil reservoir on the drift angle of model, makes its additional drag and radial well suitable, promptly utilizes equation

$\frac{\mathrm{\μl}}{\mathrm{bhk}}=\frac{\ln r/r_c}{f\·2\mathrm{\πKh}}$

In the formula:

1-additional well depth;

B-additional well is wide;

R-drainage radius;

r _c-well radius;

The radian of f-oil reservoir angle.

At the sand grains diameter to perforation influence hour, can adopt the otch method, total kerf width is:

b＝2πr _w

This width is total mobile section area with stitching high product, will convert by angle when well is the corner well.The pressure loss of otch can be calculated by following formula:

$\mathrm{\ΔP}=\frac{\mathrm{\θ\μ}}{2\mathrm{\πkh}}[{\mathrm{\ρ}}_n\left(\frac{r_c}{r_w}\right)+S_b+S\′+S\′\′]$

In the formula:

θ-notes are adopted volume flow;

K-effective permeability;

H-core intersection;

r _w-well radius;

r _c-drainage radius;

S _bThe pressure loss that-local penetration causes;

S '-dynamic pressure loss;

S "-flow losses that cause by perforation.

The perforation structure of simulation well as shown in figure 23, wherein full well: omnirange is penetrated, 12 seams; 1/2 well: penetrate 6 seams for adjacent 90 °; 1/4 well: folk prescription is to penetrating 3 seams

(4) well pattern, other multiple combination requirement of well are satisfied in the design of HTHP oil reservoir model ontology

HTHP oil reservoir model ontology well pattern, other modular design of well are seen Figure 24.From Figure 24 as seen, the reservoir model body can satisfy multiple well pattern, other combination requirement of well.

The one, vapour is annotated at suitable edge, multiple well pattern combinations such as vapour, area notes vapour, point-like notes vapour are annotated in cutting, as shown in Figure 25 (a)-25 (g).Be respectively edge notes vapour, cutting notes vapour, point-like notes vapour (steam soak), anti-9 methods, inverted five spot method, matrix method, oblique anti-7 methods notes vapour among Figure 25 (a)-25 (g).

The 2nd, be fit to many mouthfuls of straight wells, many saliva horizontal well wells and do not make up; The horizontal well of reservoir model body and the configuration of straight well can adopt above-mentioned edge to annotate the straight well combination of various well patterns such as vapour, cutting notes vapour, area notes vapour, point-like notes vapour.Referring to Figure 26.

Three can realize that many well groups are annotated adopts etc.Being respectively inverted five spot method four well groups as Figure 27 (a)-(d) annotates the pattern of adopting, inverted five spot method four well groups and annotates and adopt pattern, arrange that well group is annotated the pattern of adopting, many mouthfuls of straight wells are annotated the pattern of adopting with two horizontal wells combinations more.

(5) scale model data acquisition and image processing system

According to 3 d scale physical model characteristics, developed " scale model data acquisition and image processing system " voluntarily.This software has adopted grid dynamic subdivision and sensor dynamically to layout and configuring technical, the real-time monitoring technique of data acquisition multiwindow 3 D graphic data, discrete data interpolation technique based on no grid MPM method, the quick generation technique of Three-Dimensional Dynamic cloud atlas and isopleth, technology such as experimental data dynamic play and playback, realized test model temperature field in the data acquisition, three coupling test analyses of pressure field and saturation field and the various physical quantity real-time three-dimensional of three dimensional taest model graph image dynamic monitoring are analyzed, for the dynamic monitoring and the analysis of 3 d scale physical simulation experiment provides accurate, reliable network analysis instrument.

Industrial applicibility and beneficial effect

Technical scheme of the present invention has been passed through inventor's abundant enforcement, and obtained Expected Results, the prior art of comparing, according to technical solutions according to the invention, and according to the actual effect of implementing technical solution of the present invention, oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system of the present invention and method thereof have following beneficial effect:

1, high pressure oil reservoir model ontology uses the fluid identical with the prototype oil reservoir, moves under the temperature identical with the prototype oil reservoir, pressure, and geometric similarity, pressure drop are similar, thereby gravitational effect is similar.And then aspect interaction, physical properties of fluids, emulsion, steam distillation, gaseous solubility and the compressibility of rock and fluid, can simulate prototype better than vacuum and low pressure model.

2, reservoir model body and upper-coated pressure system split design has whole system and adjusts flexibly and universality.

3, oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system satisfies well pattern, other multiple combination requirement of well flexibly: the one, and vapour is annotated in suitable edge notes vapour, cutting, area is annotated multiple well patterns such as vapour, point-like notes vapour and made up; The 2nd, be fit to many mouthfuls of straight wells, many saliva horizontal well wells and do not make up; The 3rd, can realize that many well groups are adopted together with notes etc.

4, oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system has multimode and links the whole development process of simulating oil deposit.

The scale model of having set up at present is to utilize the thermal recovery theory of similarity system that has proposed to be the basis, carries out simulation at single development process, as hot water flooding, steam soak, steam flooding, SAGD etc.And the exploitation overall process of heavy crude reservoir will relate to the physical process of a plurality of mutual linkings such as steam soak, steam flooding, SAGD, if the similarity criterion that adopts different articles to introduce respectively in the similar Design of test, will be difficult to realize.Such as only reservoir fluid, rock property, time scale etc. modelling repeatedly just, in comprehensive the conclusion, there is bigger uncertainty.And the modelling technique of steam soak under the well pattern condition also is the problem that solves of all not improving both at home and abroad at present.By the interlock theory of similarity of creating, and the foundation of the analogy method of steam soak elastic energy, the present situation of domestic and international single mode thing mould test broken.Like this, the design can realize the exploitation overall process simulation of heavy crude reservoir, and the multimode that promptly relates to a plurality of mutual linkings such as steam soak, steam flooding, SAGD links the whole development process of simulating oil deposit.

5, data Collection ﹠ Processing System advanced person

Adopt the cloud Picture technology can online treatment thermal recovery physical simulation experiment in temperature, the pressure data of oil reservoir diverse location, formation temperature field, pressure field pattern, image is directly perceived, convenient storage is called.

6, application prospect is very optimistic

Since model comes into operation, physical simulation experiments such as individual well steam soak, the box-like steam soak of many well groups, steam flooding, hot water flooding, horizontal well, SAGD have successfully been carried out, its achievement is that heavy crude reservoir is efficiently developed, and particularly special viscous crude, the efficient exploitation of super-heavy oil deposit provide highly effective experimental study means.

In addition, although the clear in conjunction with the accompanying drawings technical scheme that has described the present invention's proposition in detail, but with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, this area those skilled in the art be appreciated that, under the situation of the spirit and scope of the present invention that do not deviate from the claims definition, can in form and details, make various modifications.Therefore, all should fall within protection scope of the present invention with reference to the various modifications that technical solution of the present invention is made.

Claims (11)

1. oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system, it comprises steam injected system, reservoir model body, upper-coated pressure system, data acquisition and graphic system;

Wherein, the steam injected system comprises parts such as high pressure constant speed measuring pump, steam generator, mass dryness fraction control; The steam injected system is used for providing the water vapour with certain temperature, flow velocity, pressure and mass dryness fraction to the reservoir model body; The reservoir model body is used to simulate actual oil reservoir, and it comprises model shell, heat insulation layer, simulating oil deposit, simulation straight well, Simulated Water horizontal well, pressure guiding pipe and thermocouple and interface thereof;

Upper-coated pressure system comprises spherical pressure tank, fluid infusion pump, safety valve, electrical heating elements and temperature control thereof, all kinds of pipeline interface and corresponding connecting line, valve;

Data acquisition and graphic system comprise electromagnetism-gas-driving valve, back-pressure valve, sample divider, data wire, temperature, pressure, differential pressure data collector and microcomputer, have functions such as flow monitoring, extraction control, test temperature, pressure early warning setting and collection.

2. according to the oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system of claim 1, wherein the spherical pressure tank in the upper-coated pressure system further is welded by dome head and flange, and upper and lower flange is by Bolt Connection, with the sealing of profile of tooth metal gasket; On the dome head support is installed under the described spherical pressure tank, in order to place the reservoir model body; Fluid infusion pump in the upper-coated pressure system provides and keeps spherical pressure tank simulated formation pressure; Be provided with three electrical heating elements and attemperating unit thereof on spherical pressure tank, so that the fluid in the spherical pressure tank is heated to reservoir temperature, the conduction of heat by reservoir model body cap, bottom makes simulating oil deposit reach the simulated formation temperature.

3. according to the oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system of claim 2, wherein on spherical pressure tank, be provided with 13 simulation well poling joints and 28 pressure guiding pipe poling joints and 6 thermocouple penetration piece interfaces; Described each parts are combined as a whole, and cooperation cooperates the function that realizes upper-coated pressure system.

4. according to the oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system of claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the system attachment of spherical pressure tank comprises: boom hoisting, safety valve, charging interface, discharging interface and spherical pressure tank insulation; Device for hoisting comprises lifting steel work and manual travelling; Charging and discharge port have high pressure valve, can inject and discharge test liquid in spherical pressure tank; Heat insulating material and stainless sheet steel outside spherical pressure tank, have been coated.

5. according to the oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode of claim 4 interlock 3 d scale simulation system, wherein spherical pressure tank supports to play and supports and the fixedly effect of whole test device, and the spherical pressure tank support comprises that three steel pipe supporting legs of even layout weld mutually with supporting leg base plate, steel pipe supporting leg and following dome head, the supporting leg base plate is connected with stone bolt and fixes.

6. according to the arbitrary oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system in the claim 2～5, further comprise discharge line, this discharge line comprises nozzle neck, gusset, bend pipe, screwed flange and stop valve, and nozzle neck is welded on down on the dome head, play a transition role, bend pipe is No. 20 steel pipes of Φ 35 * 6mm, and band reinforcement gusset, and the nominal diameter of stop valve is DN25 (J44Y-160C).

7. according to the arbitrary oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system in the claim 2～6, wherein electric heating system comprises electric heater adapter, electric heater, thermocouple, temperature controller and solid-state relay, is used for liquid in the spherical pressure tank and heats and make fluid temperature maintain setting value.

8. according to the arbitrary oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system in the claim 2～7, wherein taking over arranged around at following dome head discharge has three electric heaters to take over, electric heater is installed on it, and the electric heater technical data is 3KW; Thermocouple is a K type thermocouple, and point for measuring temperature is arranged in the bottom of spherical pressure tank; Adopt temperature controller, solid-state relay that heating-up temperature is controlled

9. according to the arbitrary oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system in the claim 6～8, wherein spherical pressure tank adopts thermal insulation material to be incubated, the outside thick corrosion resistant plate of 0.2mm that coats of insulation layer.

10. according to the arbitrary oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system in the claim 2～9, a two electro connecting pressure gauge is installed on the spherical pressure tank gauge manifold wherein, on the spherical pressure tank feed pipe, is connected the fluid infusion pump; Relay of fluid infusion pumping source polyphone, two electro connecting pressure gauges are measured the spherical pressure tank internal pressure when the spherical pressure tank internal pressure is higher than setting value, and two electro connecting pressure gauge control relays disconnect, and the fluid infusion pump quits work; When the spherical pressure tank internal pressure was lower than setting value, two electro connecting pressure gauge control relays were connected, and the fluid infusion pump is reworked, and reaches setting value until the spherical pressure tank internal pressure.

11. according to the oil reservoir heat extraction by steam injection multimode interlock 3 d scale simulation system of claim 1～10, wherein data acquisition and graphic system are made up of hardware and software two parts such as electromagnetism-gas-driving valve, back-pressure valve, sample divider, temperature, pressure, differential pressure data collection and treatment systems; Have functions such as flow monitoring, extraction control, test temperature, pressure early warning setting and collection, in the process of the test, can be by control and information processing platform screen viewing to the arbitrary cross section of oil reservoir, longitudinal section and three-dimensional temperature field figure, thus clearly judge steam and heat front the situation that involves in all directions.

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