CN110714756A - High-temperature high-pressure X-CT scanning fracture-cave physical model - Google Patents
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- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010329 laser etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/20—Displacing by water
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-temperature high-pressure X-CT scanning slot physical model, which consists of an X-CT scanner, a slot simulation container 3, a pressure gauge 5, a back pressure valve 6, a gas-liquid separator 8, a gas meter 9, a advection pump 10, an intermediate container group I11 and an intermediate container group II12, wherein the slot simulation container 3 is fixed on a scanning frame, an X-ray generation system scans the slot simulation container, and a scanning result is displayed on a display screen of a console; a fracture-cave simulation rock sample 15 is placed in the kettle body of the fracture-cave simulation container, a built-in interlayer 14 is arranged between the kettle body and the rock sample, and a heating layer 17 is coated outside the kettle body; two sides of the fracture simulation container are an injection port and a production port, the injection port is connected with the middle container group I and the advection pump 10, and the production port is sequentially connected with a pressure gauge 5, a back pressure valve 6, a gas-liquid separator 8 and a gas flowmeter 9; the top end of the slot hole simulation container is provided with a gas injection port, and the bottom end of the slot hole simulation container is provided with a formation water injection port. The invention has small occupied space and flexible operation and has great guiding significance for the actual development of the fracture-cavity oil reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a physical experiment model of a fracture-cavity type carbonate reservoir in the field of petroleum and natural gas exploration and development, in particular to a high-temperature high-pressure X-CT scanning fracture-cavity physical model which is used for a related physical simulation experiment of an indoor fracture-cavity oil reservoir and provides scientific guidance for development and exploitation of the high-temperature high-pressure fracture-cavity type carbonate reservoir.
Background
The fracture-cave carbonate reservoir is a modified reservoir which takes pore canals, cracks and karst caves as main seepage channels and reservoir spaces. Fracture-vug carbonate rock oil cannot completely displace oil from the fracture-vug in the process of water injection displacement, and further exploitation needs to be carried out through gas injection at the top of an oil reservoir. The experimental simulation is a common method for simulating oil and gas reservoir development and exploitation, and is characterized in that typical areas are selected and combined according to geological data of an actual fracture-cavity oil reservoir to form an experimental simulation fracture-cavity oil reservoir, a fracture-cavity simulation body is designed and manufactured by utilizing an actual rock sample, then a high-temperature and high-pressure X-CT scanning fracture-cavity physical model is combined with other experimental instruments to simulate the actual exploitation process of water injection and gas injection of the high-temperature and high-pressure fracture-cavity oil reservoir, and scanning is performed by an X-CT scanner, so that oil, gas and water distribution conditions at different moments can be obtained. Most of the existing agent injection physical models of the fracture-cavity oil reservoirs are normal-temperature low-pressure models or high-temperature low-pressure models, the fracture-cavity models are too simplified to meet the actual oil reservoir conditions of the high-temperature high-pressure fracture-cavity oil reservoirs, so that the obtained experimental data and the actual oil reservoir exploitation data have large differences and reference can not be provided for the development and exploitation of the fracture-cavity oil reservoirs.
The method for manufacturing the multifunctional fracture-cavity oil reservoir injection physical model (CN 109372476A) discloses the specific steps of manufacturing the fracture-cavity oil reservoir injection physical model: (1) obtaining the volume of each crack and the volume and height of each karst cave in the injection physical model according to a similarity criterion; (2) simulating a communicated crack by using a steel pipeline, and determining the length of the pipeline; (3) a cylindrical steel intermediate container is adopted to simulate a karst cave, and inlets are formed in the top and the bottom of the intermediate container; (4) determining the placement position of each intermediate container; (5) determining the connecting position of the intermediate container and the pipeline; (6) establishing an original oil saturation and water saturation of the intermediate container; (7) and arranging an injection port and a production port of the injection physical model, and injecting the injection into the model through the injection port after the injection is pressurized by the displacement pump from the storage tank. The model is an ideal physical model for simplifying injection agents of the fracture-cavity oil reservoir, holes and seams in the fracture-cavity oil reservoir are replaced by pipelines, karst cavities are replaced by intermediate containers, media are not filled in the intermediate containers, the intermediate containers are simply connected through the pipelines, the specific hole shapes, seams, hole shapes, sizes and communication relations of the fracture-cavity oil reservoir are not shown, and although the flow of oil, gas and water in the fracture-cavity oil reservoir can be simply simulated, the flow has a large difference with the actual flow of fluid in the fracture-cavity oil reservoir; the fracture-cavity oil reservoir injection physical model cannot observe and record the fluid flow condition and the oil-gas-water distribution in the model in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-temperature high-pressure X-CT scanning fracture-cave physical model which is simple to manufacture, small in occupied space and flexible to operate, can record the fluid distribution in the fracture-cave at each time point and the fluid flowing condition in the fracture-cave in the whole experimental process in real time, and has great guiding significance for the actual development of a fracture-cave oil reservoir.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A high-temperature high-pressure X-CT scanning fracture-cave physical model is composed of a fracture-cave simulation container, an X-CT scanner, an intermediate container, a pressure gauge, a advection pump, a back pressure valve, a gas-liquid separator and a gas flowmeter. The two sides of the slot hole simulation container are provided with a reagent injection port and a production port, the top is provided with a gas injection port, the bottom is provided with a simulated formation water injection port, and the two sides of the slot hole simulation container are in threaded connection and are sealed by double-layer sealing rings. The X-CT scanner is used for scanning the fracture-cavity simulation container, so that the flow condition and the distribution condition of the fluid in the fracture-cavity simulation rock sample can be monitored and recorded in real time.
An injection port on one side of the fracture hole simulation container is connected with an intermediate container group I and a constant flow pump, and liquid injection and pressurization are carried out through the constant flow pump, wherein the intermediate container group I comprises an injection agent intermediate container, a simulation oil intermediate container and a formation water intermediate container; the production outlet on the other side of the fracture-cave simulation container is sequentially connected with a back pressure valve, a gas-liquid separator and a gas flowmeter, the back pressure valve provides back pressure for the fracture-cave simulation container so as to control the pressure conveniently, and the gas-liquid separator and the gas flowmeter are used for separating and recording the gas-liquid production amount of the production outlet; and the injection ports at the top and the bottom of the fracture-cave simulation container are respectively connected with an intermediate container group II and a horizontal flow pump, the intermediate container group II comprises a nitrogen intermediate container and a simulated formation water intermediate container, the nitrogen intermediate container performs gas injection pressurization from the top of the fracture-cave simulation container through the horizontal flow pump, and the simulated formation water intermediate container performs water injection pressurization from the bottom of the fracture-cave simulation container through the horizontal flow pump.
The X-CT scanner comprises a console, an X-ray generation system and a scanning frame, wherein the slot simulation container is fixed on the scanning frame and is controlled by the console, the X-ray generation system scans the slot simulation container, and a scanning result is displayed on a display screen of the console.
The slot hole simulation container is made of high-strength alloy steel, and the technical indexes of the slot hole simulation container are that the volume is 500mL, the pressure is 65MPa, and the temperature is 200 ℃. The two ends of the hole-sewing simulation container are in threaded connection and are provided with a double-layer sealing ring and a sealing cover, so that the sealing performance of the hole-sewing simulation body is ensured; the inside of the fracture-cave simulation container is provided with a fracture-cave simulation rock sample which is a cylinder, the length of the fracture-cave simulation rock sample is 150mm, and the diameter of the fracture-cave simulation rock sample is 70 mm.
The side surface of the slot hole simulation container is provided with a heating device, and the temperature in the slot hole simulation container can be adjusted between room temperature and 200 ℃ so as to meet the requirement of the experiment on the temperature.
The fracture-cavity simulated rock sample is formed by embedding two symmetrically split rock cores through a polytetrafluoroethylene liner which is not permeable to high temperature and oil, holes, seams and cavities are symmetrically etched on an embedding surface through a laser etching instrument, the holes, the seams and the cavities on the etching surfaces of the two rock cores are in one-to-one correspondence, and the relationship among the holes, the seams and the cavities comes from an actual fracture-cavity oil reservoir. The external of the rock sample is sleeved with a built-in interlayer, and the seam hole simulation rock sample, the interlayer and the metal wall of the seam hole simulation container are seamlessly embedded.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of simple manufacture, small occupied space, repeated experiment and great reduction of experiment cost; the assembly and disassembly are convenient, the maintenance and adjustment of the experimental device are facilitated, and the feasibility, operability and flexibility of the experiment are improved; the fracture-cavity simulation rock sample is taken from an actual fracture-cavity oil reservoir rock sample, and the rock sample is sufficient in source; the method can be used for scanning the fracture-cave simulated rock sample in real time, and is favorable for knowing the fluid distribution in the experimental process and the flow state of the fluid in the whole experimental process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a physical model of a high-pressure high-temperature X-CT scanning slot hole.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a slot simulating container.
(a) A horizontal section of the slot hole simulation container; (b) the longitudinal section of the container is simulated for the slot.
In the figure: 1-a console; 2-X ray generation system; 3-a slot simulation container; 4-a scanning frame; 5-a pressure gauge; 6-a back pressure valve; 7-a screw-on valve; 8-a gas-liquid separator; 9-a gas flow meter; 10-advection pump; 11-intermediate container group I; 12-intermediate container group II; 13-kettle body; 14-built-in interlayer; 15-a fracture-cave simulated rock sample; 16-sewing holes to simulate the inlet and outlet of the container; 17-a heating layer; 18-a sealing ring; 19-sealing cover.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in order to facilitate the understanding of the invention by those skilled in the art. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited in scope to the specific embodiments, but is intended to be protected by various modifications within the technical scope defined and determined by the appended claims to those skilled in the art.
See fig. 1, 2.
A high-temperature high-pressure X-CT scanning fracture-cave physical model comprises an X-CT scanner, a fracture-cave simulation container 3, a pressure gauge 5, a back pressure valve 6, a gas-liquid separator 8, a gas meter 9, a advection pump 10, an intermediate container group I11 and an intermediate container group II12, wherein the intermediate container group I11 comprises an injection agent intermediate container, a simulation oil intermediate container and a formation water intermediate container, and the intermediate container group II12 comprises a nitrogen intermediate container and a simulation formation water intermediate container.
The X-CT scanner comprises a console 1, an X-ray generating system 2 and a scanning frame 4, wherein a slot simulation container 3 is fixed on the scanning frame, the X-ray generating system scans the slot simulation container, and a scanning result is displayed on a display screen of the console.
A fracture-cave simulation rock sample 15 is placed in a kettle body 13 of the fracture-cave simulation container, a built-in interlayer 14 is arranged between the kettle body and the simulation rock sample, an inlet and an outlet 16 are formed in the left side, the right side, the upper end and the lower end of the kettle body, a heating layer 17 is coated outside the kettle body, and two sides of the fracture-cave simulation container are in threaded connection through a sealing ring 18 and a sealing cover 19.
Two sides of the fracture simulation container 3 are provided with an injection port and a production port, the injection port is connected with the intermediate container group I and the advection pump 10, the production port is sequentially connected with a pressure gauge 5, a back pressure valve 6, a gas-liquid separator 8 and a gas flowmeter 9, and a connecting pipeline of the back pressure valve and the gas-liquid separator is provided with a screwed valve 7; the top end of the slot hole simulation container is provided with a gas injection port, the bottom end of the slot hole simulation container is provided with a formation water injection port, the gas injection port is connected with the nitrogen intermediate container of the intermediate container group II, and the formation water injection port is connected with the simulated formation water intermediate container of the intermediate container group II.
The high-temperature and high-pressure resistant visual fracture-cavity physical model is used for a simulation experiment of an indoor fracture-cavity oil reservoir, and the process is as follows:
fixing the fracture-cave simulation container 3 on the scanning frame 4, wherein the cross section of the fracture-cave simulation rock sample 15 in the fracture-cave simulation container is vertical to the horizontal plane, firstly connecting the extraction port of the fracture-cave simulation container 3 with a vacuum pump, closing other injection ports and extraction ports, and vacuumizing the fracture-cave simulation container 3. After the inside of the fracture-cave simulation container 3 is close to absolute vacuum, a side injection port of the fracture-cave simulation container is connected with a middle container group I11, a formation water middle container is opened, liquid is injected through a constant flow pump 10 for pressurization, so that the fracture-cave simulation rock sample 15 is saturated with formation water, and the pore volume of the fracture-cave simulation rock sample 15 is measured. And opening the simulation oil intermediate container, injecting liquid through a constant flow pump 10 for pressurization, injecting nitrogen through the top of the fracture-cavity simulation container 3, and injecting simulated formation water into the bottom of the fracture-cavity simulation container to establish the original formation conditions of the fracture-cavity oil reservoir. Through the back-pressure valve 6 and the gas-liquid separator 8 which are connected with the middle container group I and the middle container group II and the side face extraction port of the fracture-cave simulation container, failure experiments, water drive experiments, gas drive experiments and gas-water alternative drive experiments of the simulated fracture-cave oil reservoir can be carried out, the fracture-cave simulation container is scanned at intervals, the fluid distribution condition in the fracture-cave simulation container at each time point is recorded, and the fluid flowing condition in the fracture-cave simulation container is analyzed.
Claims (4)
1. A high-temperature high-pressure X-CT scanning fracture-cave physical model is composed of an X-CT scanner, a fracture-cave simulation container (3), a pressure gauge (5), a back pressure valve (6), a gas-liquid separator (8), a gas meter (9), a advection pump (10), an intermediate container group I (11) and an intermediate container group II (12), and is characterized in that the intermediate container group I (11) comprises an injection agent intermediate container, a simulation oil intermediate container and a formation water intermediate container, and the intermediate container group II (12) comprises a nitrogen intermediate container and a simulation formation water intermediate container; the X-CT scanner comprises a console (1), an X-ray generation system (2) and a scanning frame (4), wherein a fracture-cavity simulation container (3) is fixed on the scanning frame, the X-ray generation system scans the fracture-cavity simulation container and displays a scanning result on a display screen of the console; a fracture-cavity simulation rock sample (15) is placed in a kettle body (13) of the fracture-cavity simulation container, an internal interlayer (14) is arranged between the kettle body and the simulation rock sample, an inlet and an outlet (16) are respectively arranged at the left side, the right side, the upper end and the lower end of the kettle body, a heating layer (17) is coated outside the kettle body, and two sides of the fracture-cavity simulation container are in threaded connection through a sealing ring (18) and a sealing cover (19); two sides of the fracture simulation container (3) are provided with an injection port and a production port, the injection port is connected with a middle container group I and a parallel flow pump (10), and the production port is sequentially connected with a pressure gauge (5), a back pressure valve (6), a gas-liquid separator (8) and a gas flowmeter (9); the top end of the slot hole simulation container is provided with a gas injection port, the bottom end of the slot hole simulation container is provided with a formation water injection port, the gas injection port is connected with the nitrogen intermediate container of the intermediate container group II, and the formation water injection port is connected with the simulated formation water intermediate container of the intermediate container group II.
2. A high temperature high pressure X-CT scanning slot hole physical model as recited in claim 1, wherein said slot hole simulation container is made of high strength alloy steel.
3. The physical model of a high-temperature high-pressure X-CT scanning fracture-cavern as recited in claim 1, wherein the fracture-cavern simulation rock sample is formed by embedding two symmetrically split rock cores, holes, seams and holes are symmetrically etched on an embedding surface, the holes, the seams and the holes on the etching surfaces of the two rock cores are in one-to-one correspondence, and the relationship among the holes, the seams and the holes comes from an actual fracture-cavern reservoir.
4. The high-temperature high-pressure X-CT scanning fracture-cavity physical model of claim 1, 2 or 3 is used for the simulation experiment of the indoor fracture-cavity oil reservoir, and the process is as follows:
fixing the slot simulation container on a scanning frame, and vacuumizing the slot simulation container; after the absolute vacuum is approached in the fracture-cave simulation container, connecting a side injection port of the fracture-cave simulation container with a middle container group I, opening a formation water middle container, injecting liquid through a advection pump and pressurizing to enable the fracture-cave simulation rock sample to saturate formation water, and measuring the pore volume of the fracture-cave simulation rock sample; opening a simulated oil intermediate container, injecting liquid through a constant flow pump for pressurization, injecting nitrogen through the top of the fracture-cavity simulated container, and injecting simulated formation water into the bottom of the fracture-cavity simulated container to establish original formation conditions of the fracture-cavity oil reservoir; the failure experiment, the water drive experiment, the gas drive experiment and the gas-water alternative drive experiment of the simulated fracture-cave oil reservoir are carried out through a back pressure valve and a gas-liquid separator which are connected with a side face extraction port of the middle container group I and the middle container group II, the fracture-cave simulation container is scanned at intervals, and the fluid distribution condition in the fracture-cave simulation container at each time point is recorded.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111239176A (en) * | 2020-02-13 | 2020-06-05 | 西南石油大学 | Testing device and method for determining diffusion distance of injected gas in gas injection oil extraction process |
| CN112782205A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-05-11 | 西南石油大学 | High-temperature and high-pressure resistant X-CT scanning long core displacement device for analyzing crude oil distribution of oil-gas reservoir |
| CN112943189A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-06-11 | 海安县石油科研仪器有限公司 | High-sealing-performance water-flooding simulation system equipment for fractured reservoirs |
| CN117967299A (en) * | 2024-04-02 | 2024-05-03 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Fracture-cavity oil reservoir high-temperature high-pressure multi-medium well group displacement physical model and application thereof |
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| CN111239176A (en) * | 2020-02-13 | 2020-06-05 | 西南石油大学 | Testing device and method for determining diffusion distance of injected gas in gas injection oil extraction process |
| CN111239176B (en) * | 2020-02-13 | 2022-03-18 | 西南石油大学 | Testing device and method for determining diffusion distance of injected gas in gas injection oil extraction process |
| CN112782205A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-05-11 | 西南石油大学 | High-temperature and high-pressure resistant X-CT scanning long core displacement device for analyzing crude oil distribution of oil-gas reservoir |
| CN112943189A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-06-11 | 海安县石油科研仪器有限公司 | High-sealing-performance water-flooding simulation system equipment for fractured reservoirs |
| CN117967299A (en) * | 2024-04-02 | 2024-05-03 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Fracture-cavity oil reservoir high-temperature high-pressure multi-medium well group displacement physical model and application thereof |
| CN117967299B (en) * | 2024-04-02 | 2024-08-27 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Fracture-cavity oil reservoir high-temperature high-pressure multi-medium well group displacement physical model and application thereof |
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