CN111239176A - Testing device and method for determining diffusion distance of injected gas in gas injection oil extraction process - Google Patents
Testing device and method for determining diffusion distance of injected gas in gas injection oil extraction process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a testing device and a method for determining the diffusion distance of injected gas in a gas injection oil extraction process. The device consists of a nuclear magnetic resonance host, a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis coil, a data acquisition and analysis system, a crude oil sample preparation device, an injected gas container, a rock core holder, a confining pressure liquid temperature control and circulation system, a back pressure valve and a fluid metering system. The method comprises the following steps: (1) loading the core into a core holder and establishing the original reservoir condition of the oil reservoir; (2) injecting gas with certain pressure into the rock core from the inlet end of the holder; (3) dividing the outer surface of the holder into a plurality of sections by using a scale, and gradually carrying out nuclear magnetic resonance test analysis on each section of the holder through a nuclear magnetic resonance coil; (4) the holder segments were tested again at intervals until the T2 spectrum signal of the fluid in all segments no longer changed with time. The invention has accurate and reliable test result, and has important support effect and practical significance for researching gas injection oil extraction process and improving crude oil recovery ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gas injection and oil extraction simulation device and method in an oil and gas development process, in particular to a testing device and method for determining the diffusion distance of injected gas in crude oil in a gas injection and oil extraction process based on a nuclear magnetic resonance technology.
Background
With the rapid increase of global oil and gas consumption, finding new blocks and further effectively improving the recovery ratio of the crude oil of the existing oil reservoir are key works of all oil fields at present. Gas injection oil extraction is widely applied and hopeful due to the advantages of low density/viscosity of injected gas, large wave and range in a core, improvement on the properties of reservoir crude oil and the like. Especially for tight reservoirs, conventional fluids (water, chemicals, etc.) cannot be injected, and gas injection is basically the only extraction method at present. The gas injection oil extraction method mainly comprises gas injection flooding, gas injection huff and puff and the like. The gas injection process has great significance in determining the dissolution and diffusion distance of the injected gas in the crude oil, mastering the property improvement condition of the crude oil, the gas spread range, the gas channeling prediction and the like of the injected gas. At present, no experimental method for accurately evaluating the diffusion distance of the injected gas in the crude oil in the gas injection and oil extraction process exists, and the method is mostly determined based on a numerical calculation method and has great experience.
Nuclear magnetic resonance techniques have been increasingly used to study fluid distribution characteristics in reservoir rock. In 2012, liegerin studied the nuclear magnetic resonance characteristics of fluids in the pores of porous media (liegerin, zhongkoping, zhangyamin, jujuan. rock pore structure freeze-thaw loss test study based on nuclear magnetic resonance technology. report on rock mechanics and engineering, 2012,31, 1209-. In 2017, according to a nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation study (jiazi jia, shale nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation mechanism and measurement method study, doctor academic paper, china oil university, 2017) on a rock core, it is found that in a pore space, due to limited space, diffusion of fluid molecules is limited, and different from free diffusion, the diffusion capacity of the limited diffusion is smaller than that of the free diffusion, and the phenomenon is more obvious in a micro-scale pore medium. Meanwhile, the measurement of the diffusion capacity is an important basis for the recognition and analysis of the nuclear magnetic resonance fluid, and can generate great influence on nuclear magnetic response under the scale of micro pores. The jiazi jian also considers that the change trend of the apparent diffusion coefficient in the limited pore space can be used for predicting the information such as the pore throat structure, the saturation degree of pore fluid and the like.
Although some researches have been carried out by researchers aiming at the research of the nuclear magnetic technology applied to the fluid distribution characteristics in the rock, the current technology for determining the dissolution and diffusion distance of the injected gas in the crude oil in the gas injection and oil extraction process by using the nuclear magnetic resonance technology still belongs to the technical blank.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a testing device for determining the diffusion distance of injected gas in the gas injection oil extraction process, which has reliable principle and simple and convenient operation, and can provide technical support and theoretical basis for the design of an actual gas injection oil extraction process scheme by researching the dissolution diffusion distance of the injected gas in reservoir crude oil under different gas injection conditions (different injected gas compositions, different crude oils and different reservoir rock cores).
The invention also aims to provide a method for determining the diffusion distance of the injected gas in the gas injection oil extraction process by using the device, and the method has the advantages of visual and concise test process, accurate and reliable test result, important support effect and practical significance for researching and applying the gas injection oil extraction process and improving the crude oil recovery rate, and wide application prospect.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A testing device for determining the diffusion distance of injected gas in the gas injection and oil extraction process comprises a nuclear magnetic resonance host, a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis coil, a data acquisition and analysis system, a crude oil sample distributor, an injected gas container, a rock core holder, a confining pressure liquid temperature control and circulation system, a back pressure valve and a fluid metering system.
The core holder is internally provided with a core sleeved with a rubber sleeve, the inlet end of the core holder is connected with a crude oil sample distributor and an injected gas container, the outlet end of the core holder is connected with a back pressure valve and a fluid metering system, and the fluid metering system comprises a flash evaporation bottle and a gas meter.
The inlet end and the outlet end of the rock core holder are connected with a confining pressure liquid temperature control and circulating system through pipelines, the confining pressure liquid temperature control and circulating system comprises a circulating injection pump, a high-low temperature test box and two confining pressure liquid storage tanks arranged in the high-low temperature test box, the circulating injection pump drives confining pressure liquid to enter the rock core holder, and the high-temperature high-pressure confining pressure liquid circularly flows in a space between the holder and the rock core, so that the temperature and the pressure stability of fluid in the rock core are guaranteed.
The core holder is arranged in the nuclear magnetic resonance analysis coil, and the nuclear magnetic resonance analysis coil is connected with a nuclear magnetic resonance host and a data acquisition and analysis system.
The core holder is made of non-magnetic high-temperature and high-pressure resistant inorganic non-metallic materials (Zhaoyao, CO in porous medium)2MRI study of two-phase seepage with oil (water), doctor university paper, university of great graduate, 2011) to avoid the presence of hydrogen atoms in the material from affecting the nuclear magnetic signal of the fluid in the core, and the preferred material includes Polyimide (PI) or titanium.
The core holder comprises a main pipe, a left end cover, a right end cover and a connecting pipeline, wherein the length and the diameter of the main pipe can be manufactured as required, the length of the main pipe is preferably 1.5-2 meters, and the inner diameter of the main pipe is preferably 3 centimeters; the outer end face of the left end cover is provided with an oil gas injection port and a confining pressure liquid injection port, and the inner end face of the left end cover is provided with a core splicing joint; the outer end face of the right end cover is provided with an oil-gas outlet and a confining pressure liquid outlet, and the inner end face is provided with a core splicing joint.
The rock core in the rock core holder is separated from the confining pressure liquid through a polytetrafluoroethylene material heat-shrinkable tube rubber sleeve.
The inner diameter of the nuclear magnetic resonance analysis coil is larger than the outer diameter of the core holder, and preferably larger than the outer diameter of the holder by 0.1-0.5 cm.
The confining pressure liquid adopts NF32(FC-40) fluorinated liquid (Zhaoyuanchao, CO in porous Medium2MRI study of two-phase seepage with oil (water), doctor graduate thesis, university of great graduate, 2011).
The method for determining the diffusion distance of the injected gas in the gas injection oil extraction process by using the device sequentially comprises the following steps of:
(1) loading the plunger core into the core holder, establishing the original reservoir condition of the oil reservoir, and starting a confining pressure hydraulic temperature control and circulating system to keep the temperature of the crude oil in the core stable;
(2) injecting gas with certain pressure into the rock core from the inlet end of the holder;
(3) dividing the outer surface of the holder into a plurality of sections by using a ruler, moving the holder from back to front from the fluid injection end, and gradually performing nuclear magnetic resonance test analysis on each section of the holder by using a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis coil to determine a T2 spectrogram of the fluid in each section of the core;
(4) and performing nuclear magnetic resonance test analysis on each section of the clamp again at intervals, comparing T2 spectrograms before and after fluid injection in the core of each section until T2 spectrogram signals of the fluid in all the sections do not change along with time, and determining the diffusion position of the injected gas in the crude oil based on the T2 spectral analysis result.
The step (1) comprises the following processes: opening the high-low temperature test box, and heating the confining pressure liquid storage tank to the oil reservoir temperature; after a plunger core is arranged in a holder, vacuumizing the interior of the core, then saturating heavy water, and adopting crude oil in a crude oil sample proportioning device to displace to establish the original irreducible water saturation of the core; and the circulating injection pump is used for keeping the confining pressure liquid to circularly run in the space between the holder and the core, so that the temperature of the fluid in the core is ensured to be unchanged.
The step (2) comprises the following steps: injecting CO with certain pressure into rock core from inlet end of holder2The injection pressure is 1.25 times of the reservoir pressure, and the pressure of the gas injection end is kept unchanged through a displacement pump.
And the step (4) is to perform the nuclear magnetic resonance test analysis on each section of the clamp again every 5 h.
The gas injection end of the gas injection process can inject gas all the time and keep the pressure unchanged, and can also close the gas injection valve after injecting primary gas.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method selects an actual reservoir core, establishes actual oil reservoir conditions (temperature and pressure), and does not contact a sample and damage by analyzing the change of an axial nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the core holder; the important parameter of the diffusion distance of the injected gas can be obtained under the condition of not influencing the performance;
(2) the invention adopts a relatively mature nuclear magnetic resonance technology, has high resolution, good contrast and visual and reliable test effect;
(3) the method can obtain the diffusion distance of the injected gas in the crude oil, which is close to the actual situation on site, and has important significance for guiding the design of a gas injection development scheme and improving the gas injection oil extraction efficiency in practical application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a testing apparatus for determining the diffusion distance of injected gas in a gas injection oil recovery process.
In the figure:
1-circulating liquid injection pump; 2-crude oil sample proportioning device; 3-displacement pump; 4-crude oil; 5-injecting a gas container; 6-confining pressure liquid storage tank; 7-high and low temperature test chamber; 8-nuclear magnetic resonance host; 9-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis coil; 10-a core; 11-a rubber sleeve; 12-a core holder; 13-test tube; 14-a back pressure valve; 15-a data acquisition and analysis system; 16-gas meter.
FIG. 2 shows the spectral variation of fluid T2 in four representative segmented cores:
(a) nuclear magnetic signals before and after segmented gas injection at a distance of 31-33 cm from the gas injection end;
(b) nuclear magnetic signals before and after segmented gas injection at a distance of 56-78 cm from the gas injection end;
(c) nuclear magnetic signals before and after segmented gas injection at a distance of 76-78cm from the gas injection end;
(d) nuclear magnetic signals before and after segmented gas injection at a distance of 90-92 cm from the gas injection end.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the figures and examples in order to facilitate the understanding of the invention by a person skilled in the art. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited in scope to the specific embodiments, but is intended to cover various modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
See fig. 1.
A testing device for determining the diffusion distance of injected gas in the gas injection oil extraction process comprises a nuclear magnetic resonance host 8, a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis coil 9, a data acquisition and analysis system 15, a crude oil sample distributor 2, an injected gas container 5, a rock core holder 12, a confining pressure liquid temperature control and circulation system, a back pressure valve 14 and a fluid metering system.
The core holder 12 is internally provided with a core 10 which is sleeved with a rubber sleeve 11, the inlet end of the holder is connected with a crude oil sample preparation device 2 and an injected gas container 5, the outlet end of the holder is connected with a back pressure valve 14 and a fluid metering system, and the fluid metering system comprises a test tube 13 and a gas meter 16.
The inlet end and the outlet end of the rock core holder are connected with a confining pressure liquid temperature control and circulating system through pipelines, the confining pressure liquid temperature control and circulating system comprises a circulating injection pump 1, a high-low temperature test box 7 and two confining pressure liquid storage tanks 6 arranged in the high-low temperature test box, the circulating injection pump drives confining pressure liquid to enter the rock core holder, and the confining pressure liquid circularly flows in a space between the holder and the rock core, so that the temperature and the pressure of fluid in the rock core are stable.
The core holder is arranged in a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis coil 9, and the nuclear magnetic resonance analysis coil is connected with a nuclear magnetic resonance host 8 and a data acquisition and analysis system 15.
Example 1
A method for determining the diffusion distance of injected gas in a gas injection oil extraction process sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) opening the high-low temperature test box 7 in advance, and heating confining pressure liquid to the oil reservoir temperature; loading 36 standard plunger cores (length: 5 cm; diameter: 2.5cm, average permeability: 101mD) of a reservoir into a core holder 12, vacuumizing the holder and the interior of the core, saturating heavy water (replacing formation water with the heavy water to eliminate the influence of hydrogen atoms in actual formation water), and then displacing by adopting crude oil 4 prepared in advance in a sample preparation device 2 to establish original irreducible water saturation (36 vol%); the circulating liquid injection pump is kept running to ensure that the temperature of crude oil in the rock core is unchanged;
(2) injecting CO at a given pressure from the inlet end of the holder2The injection pressure is selected as reservoir pressureThe force is 1.25 times, and the pressure of the gas injection end is kept unchanged through the displacement pump 3 in the experimental process;
(3) marking the outer surface of the holder into 60 sections by using a ruler, moving the holder from back to front from the fluid injection end, and gradually performing nuclear magnetic resonance analysis on each section of the holder by using a nuclear magnetic analysis coil 9 to determine a T2 spectrogram of the fluid in the core of each section;
(4) and performing nuclear magnetic resonance test analysis on each section of the holder 12 again every 5h, comparing T2 spectrograms before and after the gas injection of the fluid in the core of each section until the T2 spectrograms of the fluid in all the sections do not change along with time, and determining the diffusion position of the injected gas in the crude oil based on the T2 spectrograms.
In the implementation process of the embodiment, the clamp is made of polyimide materials, the highest working pressure is 45MPa, and the length is 2 m. The simulated oil reservoir temperature is 85 ℃, the original reservoir pressure is 28MPa, and the injected gas is CO2. The gas injection pressure is 35MPa, the selected core permeability is between 81 and 113mD, and the average permeability is 101 mD. Table 1 shows the crude oil fluid composition and fig. 2 shows the T2 spectra before and after core fluid injection at several representative locations of the holder. The related experiment results show that after 142h, the nuclear magnetic signals of the segmented fluids in the clamp tend to be stable, close to the gas injection end part, CO2The nuclear magnetic signal of the crude oil is obviously reduced by dissolution in the crude oil, and the nuclear magnetic signal of the crude oil is weakened as the distance from the gas injection end is farther. In the range of 76-78cm from the gas injection end, the nuclear magnetism of the crude oil in the rock core before and after gas injection begins to be completely unchanged, and the evidence of CO is that2The dissolution diffusion distance in the target oil reservoir is between 73 and 75 cm.
TABLE 1 reservoir crude oil composition
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications are possible for those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A testing device for determining the diffusion distance of injected gas in the gas injection oil extraction process comprises a nuclear magnetic resonance host (8), a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis coil (9), a data acquisition and analysis system (15), a crude oil sample distributor (2), an injected gas container (5), a rock core holder (12), a confining pressure liquid temperature and circulation system, a back pressure valve (14) and a fluid metering system, and is characterized in that a rock core (10) sleeved with a rubber sleeve (11) is arranged in the rock core holder (12), the inlet end of the rock core holder is connected with the crude oil sample distributor (2) and the injected gas container (5), the outlet end of the rock core holder is connected with the back pressure valve (14) and the fluid metering system, and the fluid metering system comprises a test tube (13) and a gas meter (; the inlet end and the outlet end of the rock core holder are connected with a confining pressure liquid temperature control and circulating system through pipelines, the confining pressure liquid temperature control and circulating system comprises a circulating injection pump (1), a high-low temperature test box (7) and two confining pressure liquid storage tanks (6) arranged in the high-low temperature test box, the circulating injection pump drives confining pressure liquid to enter the rock core holder, and the confining pressure liquid circularly flows in a space between the holder and the rock core, so that the temperature and the pressure of fluid in the rock core are stable; the rock core holder is arranged in a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis coil (9), and the nuclear magnetic resonance analysis coil is connected with a nuclear magnetic resonance host (8) and a data acquisition and analysis system (15).
2. The testing apparatus for determining the diffusion distance of the injected gas in the gas injection oil production process according to claim 1, wherein the core holder is made of a non-magnetic, high temperature and high pressure resistant, inorganic, non-metallic material.
3. The test apparatus for determining the diffusion distance of the injected gas in the gas injection oil recovery process according to claim 2, wherein the inorganic non-metallic material is polyimide or titanium.
4. The test device for determining the diffusion distance of the injected gas in the gas injection oil production process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the core holder comprises a main pipe, a left end cover, a right end cover and a connecting pipeline, and the length and the diameter of the main pipe can be manufactured according to requirements; the outer end face of the left end cover is provided with an oil gas injection port and a confining pressure liquid injection port, and the inner end face of the left end cover is provided with a core splicing joint; the outer end face of the right end cover is provided with an oil-gas outlet and a confining pressure liquid outlet, and the inner end face is provided with a core splicing joint.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the main pipe has a length of 1.5-2 m and an inner diameter of 3 cm.
6. The testing apparatus for determining the diffusion distance of the injected gas during gas injection oil recovery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of the nmr analysis coil is 0.1-0.5 cm greater than the outer diameter of the core holder.
7. A method for determining the injected gas diffusion distance in an injection gas oil recovery process using the apparatus of claim 1, 2,3, 4, 5 or 6, comprising the steps of, in order:
(1) loading the plunger core into the core holder, establishing the original reservoir condition of the oil reservoir, and starting a confining pressure hydraulic temperature control and circulating system to keep the temperature of the crude oil in the core stable;
(2) injecting gas with certain pressure into the rock core from the inlet end of the holder;
(3) dividing the outer surface of the holder into a plurality of sections by using a ruler, moving the holder from back to front from the fluid injection end, and gradually performing nuclear magnetic resonance test analysis on each section of the holder by using a nuclear magnetic resonance analysis coil to determine a T2 spectrogram of the fluid in each section of the core;
(4) and performing nuclear magnetic resonance test analysis on each section of the clamp again at intervals, comparing T2 spectrograms before and after fluid injection in the core of each section until T2 spectrogram signals of the fluid in all the sections do not change along with time, and determining the diffusion position of the injected gas in the crude oil based on the T2 spectral analysis result.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step (1) proceeds as follows: opening the high-low temperature test box, and heating the confining pressure liquid storage tank to the oil reservoir temperature; after a plunger core is arranged in a holder, vacuumizing the interior of the core, then saturating heavy water, and adopting crude oil in a crude oil sample proportioning device to displace to establish the original irreducible water saturation of the core; and the circulating injection pump is used for keeping the confining pressure liquid to circularly run in the space between the holder and the core, so that the temperature of the fluid in the core is ensured to be unchanged.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the step (2) is performed as follows: injecting CO with certain pressure into rock core from inlet end of holder2The injection pressure is 1.25 times of the reservoir pressure, and the pressure of the gas injection end is kept unchanged through a displacement pump.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein step (4) is performed by performing the NMR test analysis on each segment of the holder again every 5 hours.
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