CN114740175A - Visual natural gas hydrate decomposition tester and test method - Google Patents
Visual natural gas hydrate decomposition tester and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114740175A CN114740175A CN202210422282.9A CN202210422282A CN114740175A CN 114740175 A CN114740175 A CN 114740175A CN 202210422282 A CN202210422282 A CN 202210422282A CN 114740175 A CN114740175 A CN 114740175A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/22—Fuels, explosives
- G01N33/222—Solid fuels, e.g. coal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/22—Fuels, explosives
- G01N33/225—Gaseous fuels, e.g. natural gas
Abstract
The invention discloses a visual natural gas hydrate decomposition tester and a visual natural gas hydrate decomposition test method, wherein the decomposition tester comprises a nitrogen cylinder, an experiment box body, a methane-nitrogen separator, a methane collecting bottle, a nitrogen collecting bottle, a temperature monitoring device and a pressure monitoring device, wherein a groove is formed in the upper surface of the experiment box body, and a transparent glass top cover is arranged at the top of the groove; a sleeve and a cement sheath are arranged in the groove, the sleeve is connected with a heating device, and a cavity formed between the cement sheath and the experiment box body is used as a hydrate decomposition experiment cavity; the hydrate decomposition test cavity is respectively connected with the nitrogen cylinder and the methane-nitrogen separator, electric air valves are arranged on the connected pipelines, a first flow meter is further arranged on the air inlet pipeline, the outlet of the separator is respectively connected with the two collecting bottles, and flow meters are arranged on the connected pipelines. The method can simulate the decomposition condition of the natural gas hydrate under various conditions, and provides technical support for the development of the natural gas hydrate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of deepwater oil and gas exploitation, in particular to a visual natural gas hydrate decomposition tester and a visual natural gas hydrate decomposition testing method.
Background
According to statistics, deep water oil and gas resources in China have huge potential, and exploration and development of the deep water oil and gas resources are one of strategic directions of energy development in China. However, deepwater oil and gas development faces many challenges, and natural gas hydrate decomposition is one of them. At present, more experts and scholars at home and abroad carry out theoretical research on the decomposition rule of the natural gas hydrate, but experimental data verification is still lacked, and the development of the natural gas hydrate is restricted. Therefore, the observation of the decomposition rule of the natural gas hydrate has important significance for developing deepwater oil and gas resources.
In the prior art, a decomposition experiment of a natural gas hydrate is usually carried out in a closed metal cavity, the decomposition rule of the natural gas hydrate cannot be observed in real time, and although the microscopic change inside the natural gas hydrate can be described by utilizing an electromagnetic scanning or nuclear magnetic resonance technology, the cost is high, the experiment fault tolerance rate is low, the requirement on the operation experience of an experimenter is high, the whole process cannot be continuously observed, and the reliability of an experiment result is influenced. Meanwhile, the decomposition mode of the existing natural gas hydrate decomposition test instrument is usually limited to one of heating decomposition or decompression decomposition, if two different decomposition modes are compared, two instruments need to be manufactured, the experimental threshold is increased, and the development of the natural gas hydrate decomposition test technology is limited. In addition, in the prior art, a research object is often geological disasters caused by natural gas hydrates, but petroleum engineering disasters caused by decomposition of the natural gas hydrates are ignored, the temperature rise of a shaft of an oil-gas well penetrating the natural gas hydrates in production cannot be simulated, heat is transferred to a stratum around the well from the shaft to induce the decomposition process of the natural gas hydrates, so that the decomposition rule and the additional high pressure of the natural gas hydrates in the production of the oil-gas well cannot be obtained, the safety evaluation of the integrity of the shaft of the oil-gas well is difficult to realize, and the integrity of the whole life cycle of the oil-gas well cannot be effectively guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a visual natural gas hydrate decomposition tester and a visual natural gas hydrate decomposition testing method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
on the one hand, the visual natural gas hydrate decomposition tester is provided, which comprises a nitrogen cylinder, an experiment box body, a methane-nitrogen separator, a methane collecting bottle, a nitrogen collecting bottle, a temperature monitoring device and a pressure monitoring device,
a groove is formed in the upper surface of the experiment box body, and a transparent glass top cover for sealing the groove is arranged at the top of the groove; a sleeve is arranged in the groove and connected with a heating device, a cement sheath is arranged on the outer surface of the sleeve, and a cavity formed between the cement sheath and the experiment box body is used as a hydrate decomposition test cavity;
the hydrate decomposition test cavity is connected with the nitrogen cylinder through an air inlet pipeline and is connected with the methane-nitrogen separator through an air discharge pipeline, electric air valves are arranged on the air inlet pipeline and the air discharge pipeline, and a first flowmeter is arranged between the electric air valve of the air inlet pipeline and the nitrogen cylinder; a methane outlet of the methane-nitrogen separator is connected with the methane collecting bottle through a pipeline, and a second flowmeter is arranged on the connected pipeline; a nitrogen outlet of the methane-nitrogen separator is connected with the nitrogen collecting bottle through a pipeline, and a third flow meter is arranged on the connected pipeline;
the temperature monitoring device and the pressure monitoring device are respectively used for monitoring the temperature and the pressure in the hydrate decomposition test cavity.
Preferably, the device also comprises an experiment box cover, wherein the experiment box cover is connected with the experiment box body through a hinge and is made of transparent glass.
Preferably, the experiment box cover is provided with a handle.
Preferably, the size of the transparent glass top cover is larger than that of the groove, the transparent glass top cover is connected with the experiment box body through bolts, and a sealing ring is arranged between the transparent glass top cover and the experiment box body.
Preferably, the temperature control device further comprises a temperature display, a temperature switch, a temperature controller, a pressure display, a pressure control switch and a pressure adjusting device, wherein the temperature display is used for displaying the temperature of the sleeve, the temperature switch is used for switching on or off the temperature controller, and the temperature controller is used for controlling the heating device so as to adjust the temperature of the sleeve;
the pressure display is used for displaying the pressure of the groove, the pressure control switch is used for opening or closing the electric air valve on the air inlet pipeline, and the pressure adjusting device is used for adjusting the opening degree of the electric air valve on the air exhaust pipeline so as to adjust the pressure of the groove.
Preferably, the temperature monitoring device adopts a temperature sensor, the pressure monitoring device adopts a pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are arranged on the lower surface of the transparent glass top cover, and the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are distributed in an array at intervals.
Preferably, the device further comprises a camera, and the camera is used for shooting and recording the decomposition process of the natural gas hydrate through the transparent glass top cover.
Preferably, the system further comprises a computer, and the computer is connected with the temperature monitoring device, the pressure monitoring device, the first flow meter, the second flow meter and the third flow meter.
On the other hand, a visual natural gas hydrate decomposition test method is further provided, and the visual natural gas hydrate decomposition tester is adopted for testing.
Preferably, the test method comprises the steps of:
placing a natural gas hydrate in the hydrate decomposition test cavity, and covering the transparent glass top cover to seal the hydrate decomposition test cavity;
opening an electric air valve to provide initial pressure for the hydrate decomposition test cavity and provide initial temperature for the hydrate decomposition test cavity through the heating device;
keeping the temperature constant, reducing the pressure, simulating the decompression decomposition process of the natural gas hydrate, and determining the decompression decomposition rule of the natural gas hydrate according to the rule that the temperature and the pressure monitored by the temperature monitoring device and the pressure monitoring device change along with the time and the methane content monitored by the flow meter II in the decomposition process;
or keeping the pressure constant, raising the temperature, simulating the endothermic decomposition process of the natural gas hydrate, and determining the endothermic decomposition rule of the natural gas hydrate according to the rule that the temperature and the pressure monitored by the temperature monitoring device and the pressure monitoring device change along with time and the methane content monitored by the flow meter II in the decomposition process;
and (3) replacing casings and/or cement rings with different sizes, simulating the shafts of oil and gas wells with different sizes, and testing the decomposition rule of the natural gas hydrate under the conditions of the simulated shafts.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention can simulate the oil-gas well shafts with different sizes by arranging the casings and/or cement rings with different sizes, the heater heats the casings, the condition that the deep well shaft transfers heat to the surrounding hydrates in the production process can be simulated, the additional high pressure increased around the shaft when the natural gas hydrates are heated and decomposed is monitored by the pressure monitoring device, and basic parameters can be provided for the safety evaluation of the integrity of the deep well shaft.
2. The invention can control the experiment temperature and pressure by controlling the heating device and the electric gas valve, simulate the depressurization decomposition process of the natural gas hydrate or simulate the endothermic decomposition process of the natural gas hydrate, and measure the depressurization decomposition rule and the endothermic decomposition rule of the natural gas hydrate.
3. According to the invention, the transparent glass top cover is arranged, so that the natural gas hydrate decomposition process can be visualized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an experimental box of a visual natural gas hydrate decomposition tester of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of an experimental box of the visual gas hydrate decomposition tester of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic front view structure diagram of the visual natural gas hydrate decomposition tester of the invention.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1-an experiment box cover, 2-an experiment box body, 3-an external power supply, 4-a computer, 5-a handle, 6-a temperature display, 7-a temperature switch, 8-a temperature controller, 9-a pressure display, 10-a pressure control switch, 11-a pressure adjusting device, 12-an air inlet pipeline, 13-a cable interface, 14-a groove, 15-a sleeve, 16-a cement ring, 17-a transparent glass top cover, 18-a temperature monitoring device, 19-a hinge, 20-a heating device, 21-a first flowmeter, 22-a nitrogen gas bottle, 23-an electric air valve, 24-an air outlet pipeline, 25-methane-nitrogen, 26-a methane collecting bottle, 27-a nitrogen gas collecting bottle, 28-a second flowmeter, a third flowmeter, a fourth flowmeter, a fifth flowmeter, a sixth, 29-flow meter three.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples. It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and the technical features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. It is noted that, unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The use of the terms "comprising" or "including" and the like in the present disclosure is intended to mean that the elements or items listed before the term cover the elements or items listed after the term and their equivalents, but not to exclude other elements or items.
On one hand, as shown in fig. 1-3, the invention provides a visual natural gas hydrate decomposition tester, which comprises a nitrogen gas bottle 22, an experiment box body 2, a methane-nitrogen separator 25, a methane collecting bottle 26, a nitrogen gas collecting bottle 27, a temperature monitoring device 18 and a pressure monitoring device,
the upper surface of the experiment box body 2 is provided with a groove 14, and the top of the groove 14 is provided with a transparent glass top cover 17 for sealing the groove 14; a sleeve 15 is arranged in the groove 14, the sleeve 15 is connected with a heating device 20, a cement sheath 16 is arranged on the outer surface of the sleeve 15, and a cavity formed between the cement sheath 16 and the experiment box body 2 is used as a hydrate decomposition experiment cavity;
the hydrate decomposition test cavity is connected with the nitrogen cylinder 22 through an air inlet pipeline 12 and is connected with the methane-nitrogen separator 25 through an air exhaust pipeline 24, electric air valves 23 are arranged on the air inlet pipeline 12 and the air exhaust pipeline 24, and a first flowmeter 21 is arranged between the electric air valve 23 of the air inlet pipeline 12 and the nitrogen cylinder 22; the methane outlet of the methane-nitrogen separator 25 is connected with the methane collecting bottle 26 through a pipeline, and a second flowmeter 28 is arranged on the connected pipeline; the nitrogen outlet of the methane-nitrogen separator 25 is connected with the nitrogen collecting bottle 27 through a pipeline, and a third flow meter 29 is arranged on the connected pipeline;
the temperature monitoring device 18 and the pressure monitoring device are respectively used for monitoring the temperature and the pressure in the hydrate decomposition test cavity.
In order to improve the safety performance of the experiment, optionally, the decomposition tester further comprises an experiment box cover 1, the experiment box cover 1 is connected with the experiment box body 2 through a hinge 19, and the experiment box cover 1 is made of transparent glass. In order to facilitate the opening of the laboratory box cover, optionally, a handle 5 is arranged on the laboratory box cover 1.
In a specific embodiment, the size of the transparent glass top cover 17 is larger than that of the groove 14, the transparent glass top cover 17 is connected with the experiment box 2 through bolts, and a sealing ring is arranged between the transparent glass top cover 17 and the experiment box 2.
In order to make the temperature and pressure during the experiment more controllable, optionally, the decomposition tester further comprises a temperature display 6, a temperature switch 7, a temperature controller 8, a pressure display 9, a pressure control switch 10 and a pressure adjusting device 11, wherein the temperature display 6 is used for displaying the temperature of the sleeve 15, the temperature switch 7 is used for switching on or off the temperature controller 8, and the temperature controller 8 is used for controlling the heating device 20 so as to adjust the temperature of the sleeve 15; the pressure display 9 is used for displaying the pressure of the groove 14, the pressure control switch 10 is used for opening or closing an electric air valve 23 on the air inlet pipeline 12, and the pressure adjusting device 11 is used for adjusting the opening degree of the electric air valve 23 on the air outlet pipeline 24, so that the pressure of the groove 14 is adjusted.
In a specific embodiment, the temperature monitoring device 18 employs a temperature sensor, the pressure monitoring device employs a pressure sensor, and the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are disposed on the lower surface of the transparent glass top cover 17 and are distributed in a spaced array.
It should be noted that, in addition to the sensors used in the above embodiments, the present invention may also be monitored by a temperature and pressure sensor that monitors temperature and pressure integrally. The sensors may be arranged in a linear array as shown, or in an annular array concentric with the cannula.
In a specific embodiment, the decomposition tester further comprises a camera for shooting and recording the decomposition process of the natural gas hydrate through the transparent glass top cover.
In a specific embodiment, the decomposition tester further comprises a computer 4, the computer 4 being connected to the temperature monitoring device 18, the pressure monitoring device, the first flow meter 21, the second flow meter 28, and the third flow meter 29. Optionally, a cable interface 13 is arranged on the experiment box 2, and the computer 4 is connected to the cable interface 13 through a cable.
It should be noted that the experimental box is connected to the external power supply 3 through a power line, so as to provide power for the above-mentioned components requiring power.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a visual natural gas hydrate decomposition test method, which adopts any one visual natural gas hydrate decomposition tester to carry out tests.
In a specific embodiment, the assay method comprises the steps of:
placing a natural gas hydrate in the hydrate decomposition test cavity, and covering the transparent glass top cover 17 to seal the hydrate decomposition test cavity;
opening an electric air valve 23 to provide initial pressure for the hydrate decomposition test cavity, and providing initial temperature for the hydrate decomposition test cavity through the heating device 20;
keeping the temperature constant, reducing the pressure, simulating the decompression decomposition process of the natural gas hydrate, and determining the decompression decomposition rule of the natural gas hydrate according to the rule that the temperature and the pressure monitored by the temperature monitoring device 18 and the pressure monitoring device change along with the time and the methane content monitored by the second flowmeter 28 in the decomposition process;
or keeping the pressure constant, raising the temperature, simulating the endothermic decomposition process of the natural gas hydrate, and determining the endothermic decomposition rule of the natural gas hydrate according to the rule that the temperature and the pressure monitored by the temperature monitoring device 18 and the pressure monitoring device change along with time and the methane content monitored by the flow meter II 28 in the decomposition process;
and replacing the casing 15 and/or the cement sheath 16 with different sizes, simulating the wellbores of the oil and gas wells with different sizes, and testing the decomposition rule of the natural gas hydrate under the conditions of the simulated wellbores.
In conclusion, the deep water well shaft integrity evaluation device can simulate decompression decomposition and thermal decomposition of natural gas hydrate to obtain the decomposition rule, can test the influence of local high pressure induced by methane gas on the deep water well shaft in the decomposition process of the natural gas hydrate, is beneficial to development of deep water well shaft integrity evaluation, provides experimental support for development and utilization of natural gas hydrate resources and geological engineering disasters caused by the local high pressure induced by the decomposition of the natural gas hydrate, and has remarkable progress compared with the prior art.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A visual natural gas hydrate decomposition tester is characterized by comprising a nitrogen cylinder, an experiment box body, a methane-nitrogen separator, a methane collecting bottle, a nitrogen collecting bottle, a temperature monitoring device and a pressure monitoring device,
the upper surface of the experiment box body is provided with a groove, and the top of the groove is provided with a transparent glass top cover for sealing the groove; a sleeve is arranged in the groove and connected with a heating device, a cement sheath is arranged on the outer surface of the sleeve, and a cavity formed between the cement sheath and the experiment box body is used as a hydrate decomposition test cavity;
the hydrate decomposition test cavity is connected with the nitrogen cylinder through an air inlet pipeline and is connected with the methane-nitrogen separator through an air discharge pipeline, electric air valves are arranged on the air inlet pipeline and the air discharge pipeline, and a first flowmeter is arranged between the electric air valve of the air inlet pipeline and the nitrogen cylinder; a methane outlet of the methane-nitrogen separator is connected with the methane collecting bottle through a pipeline, and a second flowmeter is arranged on the connected pipeline; a nitrogen outlet of the methane-nitrogen separator is connected with the nitrogen collecting bottle through a pipeline, and a third flow meter is arranged on the connected pipeline;
the temperature monitoring device and the pressure monitoring device are respectively used for monitoring the temperature and the pressure in the hydrate decomposition test cavity.
2. The visual natural gas hydrate decomposition tester according to claim 1, further comprising an experiment box cover, wherein the experiment box cover is connected with the experiment box body through a hinge, and is made of transparent glass.
3. The visual natural gas hydrate decomposition tester according to claim 2, wherein a handle is arranged on the test case cover.
4. The visual natural gas hydrate decomposition tester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the size of the transparent glass top cover is larger than that of the groove, the transparent glass top cover is connected with the experiment box body through a bolt, and a sealing ring is arranged between the transparent glass top cover and the experiment box body.
5. The visual natural gas hydrate decomposition tester according to claim 1, further comprising a temperature display, a temperature switch, a temperature controller, a pressure display, a pressure control switch and a pressure adjusting device, wherein the temperature display is used for displaying the temperature of the casing, the temperature switch is used for switching on or off the temperature controller, and the temperature controller is used for controlling the heating device so as to adjust the temperature of the casing;
the pressure display is used for displaying the pressure of the groove, the pressure control switch is used for opening or closing the electric air valve on the air inlet pipeline, and the pressure adjusting device is used for adjusting the opening degree of the electric air valve on the air exhaust pipeline so as to adjust the pressure of the groove.
6. The visual natural gas hydrate decomposition tester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature monitoring device adopts a temperature sensor, the pressure monitoring device adopts a pressure sensor, the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are arranged on the lower surface of the transparent glass top cover, and the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor are distributed in an array at intervals.
7. The visual natural gas hydrate decomposition tester as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a camera for shooting and recording the decomposition process of natural gas hydrates through the transparent glass top cover.
8. The visual natural gas hydrate dissociation tester as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a computer connected to the temperature monitoring device, the pressure monitoring device, the first flow meter, the second flow meter, and the third flow meter.
9. A visual natural gas hydrate decomposition test method is characterized in that the visual natural gas hydrate decomposition tester of any one of claims 1 to 8 is used for testing.
10. The visual natural gas hydrate decomposition test method according to claim 9, comprising the following steps:
placing a natural gas hydrate in the hydrate decomposition test cavity, and covering the transparent glass top cover to seal the hydrate decomposition test cavity;
opening an electric air valve to provide initial pressure for the hydrate decomposition test cavity and provide initial temperature for the hydrate decomposition test cavity through the heating device;
keeping the temperature constant, reducing the pressure, simulating the decompression decomposition process of the natural gas hydrate, and determining the decompression decomposition rule of the natural gas hydrate according to the rule that the temperature and the pressure monitored by the temperature monitoring device and the pressure monitoring device change along with the time and the methane content monitored by the flow meter II in the decomposition process;
or keeping the pressure constant, raising the temperature, simulating the endothermic decomposition process of the natural gas hydrate, and determining the endothermic decomposition rule of the natural gas hydrate according to the rule that the temperature and the pressure monitored by the temperature monitoring device and the pressure monitoring device change along with time and the methane content monitored by the flow meter II in the decomposition process;
and (3) replacing casings and/or cement rings with different sizes, simulating the shafts of oil and gas wells with different sizes, and testing the decomposition rule of the natural gas hydrate under the conditions of the simulated shafts.
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| JP2006096779A (en) * | 2004-09-28 | 2006-04-13 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | Method and apparatus for decomposing methane hydrate by nitrogen |
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