CN109006118A - The implantation methods of fluorine content in a kind of reduction tea leaf - Google Patents
The implantation methods of fluorine content in a kind of reduction tea leaf Download PDFInfo
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- CN109006118A CN109006118A CN201810811800.XA CN201810811800A CN109006118A CN 109006118 A CN109006118 A CN 109006118A CN 201810811800 A CN201810811800 A CN 201810811800A CN 109006118 A CN109006118 A CN 109006118A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to tea tree planting fields, and in particular to a kind of implantation methods for reducing fluorine content in tea leaf, using root application method when cultivating low fluorine spring tea, First Year winter by the end of December before, using tea row drip trench digging depth 15-20cm, wide 9-10cm, root selenium fertilizer is applied into earthing in ditch；First tea tree is trimmed before the picking of second year Summer-autumn tea using foliage-spray method when cultivating low fluorine Summer-autumn tea, before tea tree sprouts and after sprouting, selenium fertilizer in blade face is uniformly sprayed on tea tree blade face.The beneficial effects of the present invention are: changing the occurrence patterns of fluorine in soil by charcoal and humic acid, it reduces tea root and absorbs fluorine ion, improve the acidic environment of soil jointly using ferment bacterium simultaneously, selenite is promoted to exist with anionic state, so that tea root is with good absorption selenite, playing comprehensive treatment reduces the purpose of tea leaf fluorine content.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tea tree planting fields, and in particular to a kind of implantation methods for reducing fluorine content in tea leaf.
Background technique
Tea tree is a kind of rich fluorine plant, and wherein the fluorine content of blade can account for the 98.1% of complete stool, and mainly accumulate
In mature leaf.Largely drink high fluorine tea for a long time, take in human body fluorine content will exceeded (> 4mg/ days), cause in fluorine
Poison.Therefore, solve the problems, such as that drinking brick-tea type fluorosis is directly related to drink tea safety and the health of consumer.
The main method for reducing fluorine content in fresh leaves of tea plant at present is that defluorinating agent and improvement soil are added into soil
PH, change the measures such as soil application technology.Common defluorinating agent mainly includes dolomite dust, quick lime, turf and charcoal
Deng, by change Fluoride In Soils occurrence patterns, reach reduce fresh leaves of tea plant in fluorine content.However, Various Seasonal Content of Fluoride in Tea is deposited
In significant difference, it is difficult to achieve the purpose that overall reduction Content of Fluoride in Tea, and these defluorinating agents using single drop fluorine measure
Use there are problems that bringing secondary pollution.Therefore, developing the easy to operate, safety of one kind and the drop efficient method of fluorine is tea
The key of fresh leaf drop fluorine.
Selenium has the effects that anti peroxidation of lipid, removes interior free yl, improves body's immunity, is especially subtracting
Important function has been played in light fluorine poisoning symptom.Tea tree is a kind of selenophile, and can convert inorganic selenium in vivo safety has
The organic selenium of effect.It is many scientific investigations showed that, selenium can generate antagonistic effect with detection device for multi metallic elements, reduce plant counterweight
The absorption of metal (such as cadmium, mercury, copper, lead, arsenic).Therefore a kind of technical side that Content of Fluoride in Tea is reduced using selenium fertilizer is developed
Method can provide new direction for the development and utilization of the fluorine content and Se rich tea of overall reduction tealeaves, and there is biggish reality to answer
With value.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of plantation sides of fluorine content in reduction tea leaf
Method is substantially reduced by the Content of Fluoride in Tea that this method is planted out.
The present invention provides the following technical solutions:
The implantation methods of fluorine content in a kind of reduction tea leaf, using root application method when cultivating low fluorine spring tea, in First Year
Winter by the end of December before, using tea row drip ditch depth 15-20cm, wide 9-10cm, by root selenium fertilizer application ditch in earthing；
First tea tree is repaired before the picking of second year Summer-autumn tea using foliage-spray method when cultivating low fluorine Summer-autumn tea
It cuts, before tea tree sprouts and after sprouting, selenium fertilizer in blade face is uniformly sprayed on tea tree blade face.
Preferably, before root selenium fertilizer applies in ditch, biological carbon, ferment bacterium and humic acid are added into root selenium fertilizer
And it mixes.
Preferably, the additive amount of biological carbon is 20-30g in every kilogram of root selenium fertilizer, the additive amount of ferment bacterium is 15-20g
And the additive amount of humic acid is 100-200g.
Preferably, the root selenium fertilizer by weight, including 20-40 parts of farmyard manure, 20-40 parts of agricultural crop straw, grass
5-10 parts and sodium selenite 0.02-0.024 parts of wood ash.
Preferably, it cultivates low fluorine Summer-autumn tea, when tea bush trimmer, the branches and leaves within the 10cm of top is wiped out.
Preferably, before selenium fertilizer sprays on blade face, blade face selenium fertilizer is first diluted 200-500 times with water, then to leaf after dilution
Surfactin is added in the selenium fertilizer solution of face and is mixed.
Preferably, the surfactin is that one kind is closed in growth cycle through Non-ribosomal peptide by bacillus
At the lipopeptide compound of enzymatic synthesis；Its specific preparation method is as follows, and bacillus is inoculated in basal medium first and is carried out
Culture, the formula of basal medium include peptone 10.0g/L, yeast extract 5.0g/L and NaCl 10.0g/L, cultivate item
Part is pH7.0, and 30 DEG C of temperature, 180rpm is cultivated for 24 hours, is then inoculated in fermentation medium and is cultivated, fermentation medium
Formula includes glucose 15.0g/L, peptone 5.0g/L, L-sodium 6.0g/L, KH2SO40.8g/L, MgSO4 0.4g/
L, KCl 0.4g/L, yeast extract 3.0g/L, L-phenylalanine 2.5g/L, MnSO44.4g/L, CuSO40.18g/L and
FeSO40.12g/L, condition of culture pH7.0,30 DEG C of temperature, 163rpm cultivates 36h, obtains containing surfactin
Culture solution；Culture solution is diluted with water to and is adjusted PH to 4-6, is filtered after flocculant flocculation is added, obtains filter cake, the wadding
Solidifying agent is formulated by chitosan, sodium alginate and diatomite according to mass ratio for 1:1:1, using carbon atom number less than 4
Lower alcohol filters after dissolving above-mentioned filter cake, obtains filtrate, above-mentioned filtrate decompression is distilled to obtain surfactin, institute
Stating yeast extract includes polypeptide, amino acid, B family vitamin, nucleotide and microelement.
Preferably, 0.2-0.6g containing surfactin in the selenium fertilizer solution of blade face after every liter of dilution.
Preferably, the every 100 parts blade face selenium fertilizer by weight, including 9-12 parts of vegetable protein, trace elements of selenium
0.2-0.6 parts, 0.001-0.002 parts of molybdenum, 0.001-0.005 parts of boron, 0.001-0.002 parts of manganese, 0.0015-0.006 parts of zinc,
0.0008-0.0011 parts of copper, remaining be water.
Preferably, the dose for the root selenium fertilizer that tea grove is added to biological carbon, ferment bacterium and humic acid per acre is
125-150 ㎏, the dose of blade face selenium fertilizer solution of the tea grove containing surfactin is 50-70L per acre.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, traditional tea tree reducing fluoride method is to add defluorinating agent into soil to realize, however the use of defluorinating agent exists
The problem of bringing secondary pollution.
The present invention absorbs selenite using tea root and fluorine ion is to utilize anion channel for principle jointly, leads to
The absorption for crossing addition selenite to inhibit tea tree to fluorine.Change the preservation shape of fluorine in soil by biological carbon and humic acid
State is reduced tea root and absorbs fluorine ion, while being improved the acidic environment of soil jointly using ferment bacterium, and nitrous acid is promoted
Salt exists with anionic state, so that tea root is with good absorption selenite, playing comprehensive treatment reduces tea leaf fluorine
The purpose of content.
2, the present invention effectively reduces fluorine content in tea leaf and improves tea leaf Se content simultaneously, drops for tea tree
The development and utilization of fluorine and Se rich tea provide new approach；In addition invention also avoids traditional reducing fluoride method brings two
Secondary pollution, i.e., it is safe and efficient and environmentally friendly, and have many advantages, such as that at low cost, processing is simple.
3, the present invention overcomes tea free mercolized wax using surfactin as the surfactant of the foliar fertilizer
The features such as matter and thicker cuticula, improves the utilization rate of selenium.Surfactant is added in foliar fertilizer can promote plant
Absorption to nutrient, traditional surfactant are inanimate surfaces activating agent, and disadvantage dissolution wax and cuticula ability have
Limit, osmosis is relatively weak and is difficult to biodegrade, causes extended residual, adversely affects to environment, and biological surface
Active extract and wax and cuticula have good compatibility, dissolve wax and cuticula ability is stronger, to increase the infiltration of nutrient
Effect thoroughly, and it is biodegradable, environment will not be polluted.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is illustrated combined with specific embodiments below.
The formula meter of root of embodiment of the present invention selenium fertilizer includes 30 parts of farmyard manure, and 30 parts of agricultural crop straw,
10 parts of plant ash, 0.024 part of sodium selenite；
Before root selenium fertilizer applies in ditch, in every kilogram of root selenium fertilizer the additive amount of biological carbon be 25g, ferment bacterium
Additive amount is 20g and the additive amount of humic acid is 150g.
The formula of blade face of embodiment of the present invention selenium fertilizer are as follows: every 100 parts of blade faces selenium fertilizer includes vegetable protein by weight
12 parts, 0.6 part of trace elements of selenium, 0.002 part of molybdenum, 0.005 part of boron, 0.002 part of manganese, 0.006 part of zinc, 0.0011 part of copper, remaining
For water；
After blade face selenium fertilizer is made by the above formula, blade face selenium fertilizer is diluted 500 times with water, the blade face selenium after every liter of dilution
0.4g surfactin is added in fertilizer.
Embodiment 1
Tea grove is divided into control group and experimental group, every group of three Duplicate Samples,
Three Duplicate Samples of experimental group First Year winter by the end of December before, tea tree two sides ditch, along tree crown edge hang down
It directly ditches down, deep 15-20 ㎝, wide 10 ㎝ or so uniformly spread the root selenium fertilizer containing charcoal, ferment bacterium and humic acid
Enter earthing in ditch, dose is 150 ㎏/mu, and tea garden management is identical as conventional tea plantation management after fertilising.
Three Duplicate Samples of control group and the difference of experimental group be " control group do not add containing charcoal, ferment bacterium and
The root selenium fertilizer of humic acid ".
The next spring (at the beginning of 4 months) picks a bud two of three Duplicate Samples of three Duplicate Samples of experimental group and control group respectively
The fresh leaf of picking, is then placed in baking oven with 80 ± 2 DEG C that drying to constant weight by three leaves, sample ground with mortar it is to be measured, finally
Fluorine content is measured using fluoride ion electrode method.As a result as shown in table one, two, tea tree contains charcoal, ferment bacterium in 150 ㎏/mu
Under the conditions of the root selenium fertilizer of humic acid, experimental group averagely drops fluorine rate compared to control group tealeaves and reaches 23.2%.
Averagely drop fluorine rate calculation formula is as follows,
C=(A-B)/A × 100%
C is that fluorine rate averagely drop in tealeaves, and A is control group Fluoride in Tea average content, B-experimental group Fluoride in Tea average content,
Table one
| Experimental group | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Fluorine content (㎎/㎏) | 37.61 | 39.34 | 38.44 |
Table two
| Control group | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Fluorine content (㎎/㎏) | 46.83 | 50.17 | 51.73 |
Embodiment 2
Tea grove is divided into control group and experimental group, every group of three Duplicate Samples,
Three Duplicate Samples of experimental group are trimmed tea tree at the beginning of second year 6 months, trim degree away from 10 ㎝ of young sprout top
Left and right.It is before tea tree sprouting sprouts and after sprouting, the blade face selenium fertilizer containing surfactin is uniform according to 50L per acre
Tea leaf front and back sides are sprayed on, are subject to drop of not dripping, it is identical as conventional tea plantation management to spray rear tea garden management.
Three Duplicate Samples of control group and the difference of experimental group are " control group sprays isometric water ".
It is adopted when three Duplicate Samples And Development of Tea Shoot length to two or three leaves of bud of three Duplicate Samples of experimental group and control group
It plucks, then the fresh leaf of picking is placed in baking oven with 80 ± 2 DEG C to drying to constant weight, ground sample with mortar to be measured, finally adopt
Fluorine content is measured with fluoride ion electrode method.As a result as shown in table three, four, tea tree contains surfactin in 50L per acre
Under conditions of the selenium fertilizer of blade face, experimental group averagely drops fluorine rate compared to control group tealeaves and has reached 38.7%.
Averagely drop fluorine rate calculation formula is the same as embodiment 1.
Table three
| Experimental group | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Fluorine content (㎎/㎏) | 105.33 | 108.18 | 108.58 |
Table four
| Control group | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Fluorine content (㎎/㎏) | 168.77 | 176.86 | 179.52 |
Embodiment 3
Tea grove is divided into control group and experimental group, every group of three Duplicate Samples,
Three Duplicate Samples of experimental group by the end of August trim tea tree in second year, trim degree away from 10 ㎝ of young sprout top
Left and right.It is before tea tree sprouting sprouts and after sprouting, the blade face selenium fertilizer containing surfactin is uniform according to 50L per acre
Tea leaf front and back sides are sprayed on, are subject to drop of not dripping, it is identical as conventional tea plantation management to spray rear tea garden management.
Three Duplicate Samples of control group and the difference of experimental group are " control group sprays isometric water ".
It is adopted when three Duplicate Samples And Development of Tea Shoot length to two or three leaves of bud of three Duplicate Samples of experimental group and control group
It plucks, then the fresh leaf of picking is placed in baking oven with 80 ± 2 DEG C to drying to constant weight, ground sample with mortar to be measured, finally adopt
Fluorine content is measured with fluoride ion electrode method.As a result as shown in table five, six, tea tree contains surfactin in 50L per acre
Under conditions of the selenium fertilizer of blade face, experimental group averagely drops fluorine rate compared to control group tealeaves and has reached 40.8%.
Averagely drop fluorine rate calculation formula is the same as embodiment 1.
Table five
| Experimental group | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Fluorine content (㎎/㎏) | 41.33 | 53.35 | 34.51 |
Table six
| Control group | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Fluorine content (㎎/㎏) | 65.82 | 51.00 | 101.46 |
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, although referring to aforementioned reality
Applying example, invention is explained in detail, for those skilled in the art, still can be to aforementioned each implementation
Technical solution documented by example is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features.It is all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of implantation methods for reducing fluorine content in tea leaf, which is characterized in that root application method is used when cultivating low fluorine spring tea,
First Year winter by the end of December before, using tea row drip ditch depth 15-20cm, wide 9-10cm, will root selenium fertilizer application ditch in
Earthing；
First tea tree is trimmed, before the picking of second year Summer-autumn tea in tea when cultivating low fluorine Summer-autumn tea using foliage-spray method
Before tree sprouts and after sprouting, selenium fertilizer in blade face is uniformly sprayed on tea tree blade face.
2. a kind of implantation methods for reducing fluorine content in tea leaf according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in root
Before selenium fertilizer applies in ditch, biological carbon, ferment bacterium and humic acid are added into root selenium fertilizer and is mixed.
3. a kind of implantation methods for reducing fluorine content in tea leaf according to claim 2, which is characterized in that every kilogram
In the selenium fertilizer of root, the additive amount of biological carbon is 20-30g, the additive amount of ferment bacterium is 15-20g and the additive amount of humic acid is
100-200g。
4. a kind of implantation methods for reducing fluorine content in tea leaf according to claim 1-3, feature exist
By weight in, the root selenium fertilizer, including 20-40 parts of farmyard manure, 20-40 parts of agricultural crop straw, 5-10 parts of plant ash and
0.02-0.024 parts of sodium selenite.
5. a kind of implantation methods for reducing fluorine content in tea leaf according to claim 1, which is characterized in that cultivate low
When tea bush trimmer, the branches and leaves within the 10cm of top are wiped out for fluorine Summer-autumn tea.
6. a kind of implantation methods for reducing fluorine content in tea leaf according to claim 2, which is characterized in that on blade face
Before selenium fertilizer sprays, first with water by blade face selenium fertilizer dilute 200-500 times, then to after dilution in blade face selenium fertilizer solution addition biology table
Face active extract simultaneously mixes.
7. a kind of implantation methods for reducing fluorine content in tea leaf according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the life
Object Surfactin is a kind of lipopeptide compound synthesized in growth cycle through Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases by bacillus；
Its specific preparation method is as follows, and bacillus is inoculated in basal medium first and is cultivated, the formula packet of basal medium
Include peptone 10.0g/L, yeast extract 5.0g/L and NaCl 10.0g/L, condition of culture pH7.0,30 DEG C of temperature,
180rpm is cultivated for 24 hours, is then inoculated in fermentation medium and is cultivated, the formula of fermentation medium includes glucose 15.0g/
L, peptone 5.0g/L, L-sodium 6.0g/L, KH2SO40.8g/L, MgSO40.4g/L, KCl 0.4g/L, yeast extract
Object 3.0g/L, L-phenylalanine 2.5g/L, MnSO44.4g/L, CuSO40.18g/L and FeSO40.12g/L, condition of culture are
PH7.0,30 DEG C of temperature, 163rpm cultivates 36h, obtains the culture solution containing surfactin；Culture solution is diluted with water
And PH to 4-6 is adjusted, it is filtered after flocculant flocculation is added, obtains filter cake, the flocculant is by chitosan, sodium alginate and diatom
Soil is formulated according to mass ratio for 1:1:1, will be filtered after the dissolution of above-mentioned filter cake using carbon atom number less than 4 lower alcohol,
Filtrate is obtained, distills above-mentioned filtrate decompression to obtain surfactin.
8. a kind of implantation methods for reducing fluorine content in tea leaf according to claim 6 or 7, which is characterized in that every
0.2-0.6g containing surfactin in the selenium fertilizer solution of blade face after liter dilution.
9. the implantation methods of fluorine content, special according to claim 1 or in a kind of reduction tea leaf described in any one of 5-8
Sign is, every 100 parts of blade face selenium fertilizer by weight, including 9-12 parts of vegetable protein, 0.2-0.6 parts of trace elements of selenium,
0.001-0.002 parts of molybdenum, 0.001-0.005 parts of boron, 0.001-0.002 parts of manganese, 0.0015-0.006 parts of zinc, copper 0.0008-
0.0011 part, remaining be water.
10. a kind of implantation methods for reducing fluorine content in tea leaf according to claim 7, which is characterized in that per acre
The dose that tea grove is added to the root selenium fertilizer of biological carbon, ferment bacterium and humic acid is 125-150 ㎏, and tea grove contains per acre
The dose of the blade face selenium fertilizer solution of surfactin is 50-70L.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115486310A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-12-20 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Planting and processing method of low-fluorine dark tea |
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| CN115486310B (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2024-01-09 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Planting and processing method of low-fluorine black tea |
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| CN109006118B (en) | 2020-09-25 |
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