CN111512804A - Planting method of tea trees and application of electrolyzed water - Google Patents
Planting method of tea trees and application of electrolyzed water Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of tea trees and application of electrolyzed water, belonging to the technical field of agricultural planting and plant protection and comprising the following steps: s1 preparing a high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution, a high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution and a mixed extract; s2 diluting the stock solution of the acidic electrolyzed water and then spraying the cut of the tea seedling; s3, diluting the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution, adding the mixed extract, uniformly mixing, and performing spray disinfection treatment on the seedling soil; s4 diluting the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution and spraying tea plant regularly; s5, diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water and irrigating the roots of the tea trees regularly; s6 when the tea tree seedlings are infected by diseases and insect pests, diluting the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution, adding the extract, mixing uniformly, and spraying the mixture on the seedlings. The invention utilizes the electrolyzed water and the traditional Chinese medicine extract to plant and protect the tea trees, can ensure the quality safety of the tea trees, has no pesticide and heavy metal residue, does not pollute the environment, and can also increase the yield of the tea.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to planting and plant protection of tea trees, in particular to a method for using electrolyzed water and a traditional Chinese medicine extract for planting and plant protection of tea trees, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting and plant protection.
Background
As a world large country for tea production, China has more than four times of the world in the global proportion of tea yield. The tea tree planting area is large, the distribution range is wide, and the market demand is large. Due to the purposes of preventing and controlling tea plant diseases and insect pests and promoting growth of the tea plant diseases and insect pests, the conditions of drug abuse and excessive fertilizer investment are common, pesticide residues, heavy metal pollution and environmental damage are caused, the harm is caused to the health of people, the environment is greatly harmed, and the social benefit, the economic benefit and the social benefit of tea production are greatly damaged.
Anthracnose of tea trees occurs in each tea-producing area, leaves are mainly generated in the current year, disease-healthy tissues are obviously demarcated, and the size of disease spots is usually bounded by the middle pulse. The pathogen is tea disc long spore, and belongs to fungi of deuteromycotina. Besides being harmful to tea trees, the tea trees also comprise harmful tea trees, camellia sasanqua and the like. The germs live through the winter in the diseased tissue of the tea tree by using mycelium or conidium disc and are spread by rainwater splashing.
The tea aphids are also called binary tea aphids and cocoa aphids, commonly called honey worms, greasy worms and oil worms, and are harmful to plants such as tea trees, coffee, cocoa, figs and the like. The tea aphid has strong tenderness, and the quantity of the first and second leaves under the bud is the largest. In early spring, more insects are attached to the tender leaves at the middle and lower parts of the tea cluster, and in spring and warm spring, more buds are attached to the tender leaves, so that the number of insects is reduced sharply in summer and increased in autumn.
Tea cake disease is one of the important diseases of tea tree bud and leaf, also known as leaf swelling disease. The early disease on the tender leaves is faint yellow or reddish brown semitransparent small dots, then the small dots are gradually enlarged and subside into yellowish brown or purplish red circular disease spots, the diameter is 2-10 mm, disease spots on the back of the leaves are raised in a cake shape, gray powder is generated, finally the disease spots become black brown ulcer shapes, occasionally, the disease spots raised in the cake shape on the front of the leaves are also raised, and the back of the leaves are subsided. After the petiole and young shoot are infected, they are swollen and twisted, and when they are serious, the young shoot above the diseased part is withered. Occasionally, buds and young fruits develop.
At present, chemical medicines are mostly adopted in the tea tree planting and plant protection processes for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, so that the pesticide residue in tea leaves is high, and diseases and insects have certain pesticide resistance along with the increase of the service life of pesticides, so that the using amount of the pesticides is increased year by year, the environment pollution is caused, and the quality and the yield of the tea leaves are further reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a tea tree planting and plant protection method, which ensures the quality safety of tea leaves, has no pesticide residue and increases the yield of the tea leaves.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a tea tree planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, using potassium carbonate as electrolyte to generate a high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution with a pH value of 12.5-13.5; using sodium chloride as electrolyte to generate a high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution with a pH value of 1.5-2.0; preparing mixed extracts of castor bean, oriental wormwood, stramonium, dandelion, costustoot and circium japonicum, and storing residues left after extraction for later use;
s2, diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water in the step S1 by 6-7 times, and then spraying the cut of the tea seedling to be subjected to cuttage;
s3, uniformly scattering the residues in the step S1 in seedling raising soil, turning soil, diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water in the step S1 by 8-10 times, adding the mixed extract prepared in the step S1, uniformly mixing, spraying and disinfecting the seedling raising soil, and finally performing cutting seedling raising on the tea tree seedlings treated in the step S2;
s4, diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water in the step S1 by 40 times, and regularly spraying the roots, stems, branches and leaves of the tea plant planted in the step S3;
s5, diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water in the step S1 by 1000 times, and irrigating the roots of the tea trees regularly;
s6 when the tea tree seedlings are infected by diseases and insect pests, diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water in the step S1 by 6 times, adding the extract prepared in the step S1, uniformly mixing, and atomizing and spraying the root, stem, branch and leaf of the tea tree seedlings.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the oxidation-reduction potential of the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution prepared in the step S1 is more than or equal to 960mv, the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 3.76ppm, the dissolved hydrogen is more than or equal to 1.048ppm, the hydroxide ion is more than or equal to 2300ppm, and the potassium ion is more than or equal to 2300 ppm; the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution prepared in the step S1 has the oxidation-reduction potential of 900-1100 mv, dissolved oxygen of not less than 15ppm, effective chlorine concentration of not less than 100ppm and residual sodium chloride concentration of not more than 100 ppm.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: in the step S1, the mixed extract is obtained by mixing 12-18 parts by weight of castor, 15-20 parts by weight of oriental wormwood, 10-15 parts by weight of stramonium, 12-15 parts by weight of dandelion, 5-10 parts by weight of costus root and 2-8 parts by weight of Japanese thistle herb, adding fermentation strains and water, fermenting, filtering and concentrating the obtained traditional Chinese medicine liquid.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the strain added in the fermentation process is beauveria bassiana, the adding amount of the beauveria bassiana is 1-1.5% of the total weight of the traditional Chinese medicine components, the weight of the added water is 3-5 times of the total weight of the traditional Chinese medicine components, the fermentation temperature is 30-35 ℃, the fermentation time is 10-13 days, and the fermentation is concentrated until the relative density is 1.3-1.5.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: and the use amount of the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution obtained in the step S2 is 10L/thousand plants when the cut of the tea tree seedling to be subjected to cuttage is subjected to spraying treatment after being diluted by 6-7 times.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: after the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution in the step S3 is diluted by 8-10 times, the diluted high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution and the mixed extract prepared in the step S1 are uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio of 100: 1-3 to prepare an acidic mixed solution, and the using amount of the acidic mixed solution is 400-500L/mu when the seedling raising soil is subjected to spray disinfection treatment; the use amount of the alkaline mixed solution is 80L/mu when the root, stem, branch and leaf of the tea plant planted in the step S3 are regularly sprayed after the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution in the step S4 is diluted by 40 times, and the mixed solution is sprayed for 1 time every 15 days; in the step S5, the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution in the step S1 is diluted by 1000 times and then is used for irrigating the roots of the tea trees at a dosage of 2000L/mu each time, and the use is performed for 1 time every two months.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: when the tea tree seedlings are infected by diseases and insect pests in the step S6, diluting the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution in the step S1 by 6 times, uniformly mixing the diluted high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution with the extract prepared in the step S1 according to the weight ratio of 10: 1-2, and then atomizing and spraying the root, stem, branch and leaf of the tea tree seedlings, wherein the using amount of the uniformly mixed solution is 80-100L/mu, and the solution is used for 1-2 times per week.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: when the tea tree seedlings are infected by the diseases and insect pests in the step S6,
firstly, diluting the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution in the step S1 by 6 times, uniformly mixing the diluted high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution with the extract prepared in the step S1 according to the weight ratio of 10: 1-2, and then atomizing and spraying the root, stem, branch and leaf of the sapling, wherein the using amount of the uniformly mixed solution is 80-100L/mu, and the solution is used for 1 time per week;
and secondly, after the liquid on the stems, branches and leaves of the tea tree seedlings is completely dried, diluting the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution prepared in the step S1 by 40 times, and spraying the diluted high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution on the roots, stems, branches and leaves of the tea tree seedlings, wherein the consumption of the diluted high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution is 80-100L/mu each time.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the plant diseases and insect pests are any one or more of anthracnose, tea scale, tea aphid and tea cake disease.
An application of the prepared high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution and the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution and mixed extract in the planting and plant protection process of tea trees is provided.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the technical progress that:
the invention utilizes electrolyzed water (acidic electrolyzed water and alkaline electrolyzed water) and traditional Chinese medicine extract to plant and protect tea trees, can ensure the quality safety of tea, has no pesticide residue and no environmental pollution, and can also increase the yield of tea.
The traditional Chinese medicine extract is used in combination with high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water and high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water, so that the problem of plant diseases and insect pests in the growth process of tea trees is effectively prevented and treated, and particularly, the traditional Chinese medicine extract does not contain chemical preparation components, so that the quality safety of tea leaves and no pesticide residue are ensured; the solution sprayed in the soil can effectively kill tea aphids, tea scale, tea mites and other insects remained in the soil, and the solution sprayed on the saplings can effectively prevent and control the disease and insect pests; the residue of the Chinese medicinal extract also contains a certain amount of nutrient substances, and the nutrient substances can be used as fertilizers for the growth of tea trees when the nutrient substances are sowed in soil.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples:
a tea tree planting method comprises the following steps:
s1, potassium carbonate is used as electrolyte, and water with the total hardness less than 25ppm is obtained by further purifying the drinking water which meets the sanitary standard for drinking water (GB 5749), so that a high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution with the pH value of 12.5-13.5 is generated; sodium chloride is used as electrolyte, and the water with the total hardness less than 25ppm is obtained by further purifying the drinking water which meets the sanitary standard of drinking water (GB 5749), so that a high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution with the pH value of 1.5-2.0 is generated (the main component is a high-efficiency bacteriostatic agent hypochlorous acid); preparing mixed extracts of castor bean, oriental wormwood, stramonium, dandelion, costustoot and circium japonicum, and storing residues left after extraction for later use; wherein, the oxidation-reduction potential of the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution prepared in the step is more than or equal to 960mv, the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 3.76ppm, the dissolved hydrogen is more than or equal to 1.048ppm, the hydroxide ion is more than or equal to 2300ppm, and the potassium ion is more than or equal to 2300 ppm; the oxidation-reduction potential of the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution prepared in the step S1 is 900-1100 mv, the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 15ppm, the effective chlorine concentration is more than or equal to 100ppm, and the residual sodium chloride concentration is less than or equal to 100 ppm; the method comprises the following steps of mixing 12-18 parts by weight of castor oil plants, 15-20 parts by weight of oriental wormwood, 10-15 parts by weight of stramonium, 12-15 parts by weight of dandelion, 5-10 parts by weight of costustoot and 2-8 parts by weight of Japanese thistle herb, adding fermentation strains and water, fermenting to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine liquid, filtering, and concentrating, wherein the strains added in the fermentation process are beauveria bassiana, the adding amount of the beauveria bassiana is 1-1.5% of the total weight of the traditional Chinese medicine components, the weight of the added water is 3-5 times of the total weight of the traditional Chinese medicine components, the fermentation temperature is 30-35 ℃, the fermentation time is 10-13 days, and concentrating until the relative density is 1.3-1.5; in the step S1, the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution and the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution are prepared by using a multifunctional running water type electrolysis device (a device described in patent application No. 201510270727.6), the prepared high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution meets the index specification of the quality standard Q/HNJYTD0001-2017, and the prepared high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution meets the index specification of the quality standard Q/HNJYTD 0002-2017;
s2, diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water in the step S1 by 6-7 times, and then spraying the cut of the tea seedling to be cut, wherein the using amount is 10L/thousand.
S3, uniformly scattering the residues in the step S1 in seedling raising soil, turning soil, diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water in the step S1 by 8-10 times, adding the mixed extract prepared in the step S1, uniformly mixing, spraying and disinfecting the seedling raising soil, and finally performing cutting seedling raising on the tea tree seedlings treated in the step S2; wherein the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution is diluted by 8-10 times and then is uniformly mixed with the mixed extract prepared in the step S1 according to the weight ratio of 100: 1-3 to prepare an acidic mixed solution, and the using amount of the acidic mixed solution is 400-500L/mu when the seedling culture soil is subjected to spray disinfection treatment;
s4, diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water in the step S1 by 40 times, and regularly spraying the roots, stems, branches and leaves of the tea plant planted in the step S3; in the step, after diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water by 40 times, regularly spraying the root, stem, branch and leaf of the tea plant planted in the step S3, wherein the usage amount of the alkaline mixed solution is 80L/mu, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 15 days;
s5, diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water in the step S1 by 1000 times, and irrigating the roots of the tea trees regularly; in the method, the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution in the step S1 is diluted by 1000 times and then is used for irrigating the tea tree roots at a dosage of 2000L/mu each time, and the use is carried out for 1 time every two months.
S6 when the tea tree seedlings are infected by diseases and insect pests, diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water in the step S1 by 6 times, adding the extract prepared in the step S1, uniformly mixing, and atomizing and spraying the root, stem, branch and leaf of the tea tree seedlings. Wherein the specific method of the step is as follows: when the tea tree seedlings are infected by diseases and insect pests, diluting the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution in the step S1 by 6 times, uniformly mixing the diluted high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution with the extract prepared in the step S1 according to the weight ratio of 10: 1-2, and then atomizing and spraying the root, stem, branch and leaf of the tea tree seedlings, wherein the using amount of the uniformly mixed solution is 80-100L/mu, and the uniformly mixed solution is used for 1-2 times per week;
the other specific method of the step is as follows: firstly, diluting the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution in the step S1 by 6 times, uniformly mixing the diluted high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution with the extract prepared in the step S1 according to the weight ratio of 10: 1-2, and then atomizing and spraying the root, stem, branch and leaf of the sapling, wherein the using amount of the uniformly mixed solution is 80-100L/mu, and the solution is used for 1 time per week;
and secondly, after the liquid on the stems, branches and leaves of the tea tree seedlings is completely dried, diluting the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution prepared in the step S1 by 40 times, and spraying the diluted high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution on the roots, stems, branches and leaves of the tea tree seedlings, wherein the consumption of the diluted high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution is 80-100L/mu each time.
In the steps, the plant diseases and insect pests are any one or more of anthracnose, tea scale, tea aphid and tea cake disease.
An application of the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution and the mixed extract in the planting and plant protection of tea tree is provided.
Example 1
In 2017, the following method is applied to planting and protecting the white bud Qilan tea trees in Zhangzhou city and peace county of Fujian province in 3 consecutive years, the natural law and the ecological principle of plant growth are followed, organic fertilizers are used for replacing chemical fertilizers, and no plant diseases and insect pests occur and no pesticides are used. The yield of tea leaves per mu is increased by more than 6 percent, and the tea leaf quality detection is excellent.
The specific planting and plant protection method comprises the following steps:
s1, potassium carbonate is used as electrolyte, and water with total hardness less than 25ppm is obtained by further purifying the drinking water which meets sanitary standard for drinking water (GB 5749) to generate high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution with pH value of 12.5; sodium chloride is used as electrolyte, and the water with the total hardness less than 25ppm is obtained by further purifying the drinking water which meets the sanitary standard of drinking water (GB 5749) to generate high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution with the pH value of 1.6; preparing mixed extracts of castor bean, oriental wormwood, stramonium, dandelion, costustoot and circium japonicum, and storing residues left after extraction for later use; the mixed extract is obtained by mixing 12 parts by weight of castor bean, 20 parts by weight of oriental wormwood, 10 parts by weight of stramonium, 5 parts by weight of dandelion, 5 parts by weight of elecampane and 8 parts by weight of thistle, then adding fermentation strains and water, fermenting to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine liquid, filtering and concentrating, wherein the strains added in the fermentation process are beauveria bassiana, the adding amount of the beauveria bassiana is 1% of the total weight of the traditional Chinese medicine components, the weight of the added water is 3 times of the total weight of the traditional Chinese medicine components, the fermentation temperature is 30 ℃, the fermentation time is 13 days, and the concentration is carried out until the relative density is 1.3; in the step, a high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution and a high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution are prepared by using multifunctional running water type electrolysis equipment (equipment described in patent application No. 201510270727.6), the prepared high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution meets the index regulation of a quality standard Q/HNJYTD0001-2017, and the prepared high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution meets the index regulation of the quality standard Q/HNJYTD 0002-2017;
s2, diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water in the step S1 by 6 times, and spraying the cut of the tea tree seedling to be cut, wherein the using amount is 10L/thousand.
S3, uniformly scattering the residues in the step S1 in seedling raising soil, turning soil, diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water in the step S1 by 8 times, adding the mixed extract prepared in the step S1, uniformly mixing, spraying and disinfecting the seedling raising soil, and finally performing cutting seedling raising on the tea tree seedlings treated in the step S2; wherein, the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution is diluted by 8 times and then is uniformly mixed with the mixed extract prepared in the step S1 according to the weight ratio of 100:1 to prepare acidic mixed solution, and the using amount of the acidic mixed solution is 400L/mu when the seedling raising soil is subjected to spray disinfection treatment;
s4, diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water in the step S1 by 40 times, and regularly spraying the roots, stems, branches and leaves of the tea plant planted in the step S3; in the step, after diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water by 40 times, regularly spraying the root, stem, branch and leaf of the tea plant planted in the step S3, wherein the usage amount of the alkaline mixed solution is 80L/mu, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time every 15 days;
s5, diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water in the step S1 by 1000 times, and irrigating the roots of the tea trees regularly; the amount of the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution diluted by 1000 times in the step S1 for irrigating the tea tree root is 2000L/mu each time, and the use amount is 1 time every two months.
S6 when the tea tree seedling is infected by diseases and insect pests (anthracnose, tea aphid, tea mite and the like), diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water in the step S1 by 6 times, adding the extract prepared in the step S1, uniformly mixing, and atomizing and spraying the root, stem, branch and leaf of the tea tree seedling. Wherein the specific method of the step is as follows: when the tea tree seedlings are infected by diseases and insect pests, diluting the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution in the step S1 by 6 times, uniformly mixing the diluted high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution with the extract prepared in the step S1 according to the weight ratio of 10:1, and then atomizing and spraying the root, stem, branch and leaf of the tea tree seedlings, wherein the using amount of the uniformly mixed solution is 80-100L/mu, and the solution is used for 1 time per week.
The control effect of the embodiment can reach 97.6 percent in the aspect of controlling anthracnose; in the aspect of preventing and controlling tea aphids, the simulation can reach 98.5 percent.
Example 2
In 2017, the following method is applied to cuttage seedling raising, planting and plant protection experiments of the white bud mirabilis tea tree in Zhangzhou city and peaceful county in Fujian province. Tea picking is started two years after the tree seedlings are planted fixedly, the tea quality is good, and the tea yield is increased year by year. The tea tree planting and plant protection experimental steps in the embodiment are basically the same as those in the embodiment 1, and the differences are that:
step S1, the pH value of the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution is 13.5, and the pH value of the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution is 2.0; the mixed extract is prepared by mixing 18 parts by weight of castor bean, 15 parts by weight of oriental wormwood, 15 parts by weight of stramonium, 12 parts by weight of dandelion, 10 parts by weight of costustoot and 2 parts by weight of Japanese thistle herb, adding fermentation strains and water, fermenting to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine liquid, filtering and concentrating, wherein the strains added in the fermentation process are beauveria bassiana, the addition amount of the beauveria bassiana is 1.5 percent of the total weight of the traditional Chinese medicine components, the weight of the added water is 5 times of the total weight of the traditional Chinese medicine components, the fermentation temperature is 30-35 ℃, the fermentation time is 13 days, and the mixed extract is concentrated to the relative density of 1;
s2, diluting the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution in the step S1 by 7 times;
s3, diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water in the step S1 by 10 times, adding the mixed extract prepared in the step S1, uniformly mixing, and then spraying and disinfecting the seedling culture soil; diluting the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution by 10 times, uniformly mixing the diluted high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution with the mixed extract prepared in the step S1 according to the weight ratio of 100:3 to prepare an acidic mixed solution, wherein the using amount of the acidic mixed solution is 500L/mu when the seedling culture soil is subjected to spray disinfection treatment;
s6 when the tea tree seedlings are infected by diseases and insect pests, diluting the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution in the step S1 by 6 times, uniformly mixing the diluted high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution with the extract prepared in the step S1 according to the weight ratio of 10: 2, and atomizing and spraying the root, stem, branch and leaf of the tea tree seedlings, wherein the using amount of the uniformly mixed solution is 100L/mu, and the uniformly mixed solution is used for 2 times per week.
In the aspect of controlling anthracnose, the control effect of the embodiment can reach 98.1 percent; in the aspect of preventing and controlling the tea aphids, the simulation can reach 98.7 percent.
Example 3
In 2019, the green tea plant protection experiment is carried out by applying the following method in Baisha county of Hainan province, the yield of tea leaves per mu is improved by 8%, and the quality of the tea leaves is good. The tea tree planting and plant protection experimental steps in the embodiment are basically the same as those in the embodiment 1, and the differences are that:
step S1, the pH value of the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution is 13, and the pH value of the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution is 1.8; the mixed extract is obtained by mixing 15 parts by weight of castor bean, 18 parts by weight of oriental wormwood, 12 parts by weight of stramonium, 14 parts by weight of dandelion, 7 parts by weight of elecampane and 5 parts by weight of thistle, then adding fermentation strains and water, fermenting to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine liquid, filtering and concentrating, wherein the strains added in the fermentation process are beauveria bassiana, the adding amount of the beauveria bassiana is 1.2 percent of the total weight of the traditional Chinese medicine components, the weight of the added water is 4 times of the total weight of the traditional Chinese medicine components, the fermentation temperature is 33 ℃, the fermentation time is 12 days, and the concentration is carried out until the relative density is 1.4;
s3, diluting the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution in the step S1 by 9 times, adding the mixed extract prepared in the step S1, uniformly mixing, and then spraying and disinfecting the seedling culture soil; wherein, the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution is diluted by 9 times and then is uniformly mixed with the mixed extract prepared in the step S1 according to the weight ratio of 100:2 to prepare acidic mixed solution, and the using amount of the acidic mixed solution is 450L/mu when the seedling raising soil is subjected to spray disinfection treatment;
s6 when the tea tree seedlings are infected by pests:
firstly, diluting the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution in the step S1 by 6 times, uniformly mixing the diluted high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution with the extract prepared in the step S1 according to the weight ratio of 10:1.5, and then atomizing and spraying the root, stem, branch and leaf of the sapling, wherein the using amount of the uniformly mixed solution is 90L/mu, and the solution is used for 1 time per week;
and secondly, after the liquid on the stems, branches and leaves of the tea tree seedlings is completely dried, diluting the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution prepared in the step S1 by 40 times, and spraying the diluted high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution on the roots, stems, branches and leaves of the tea tree seedlings, wherein the consumption of the diluted high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution is 90L/mu each time.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is a comparative experiment of example 3, and comparative example 1 is different from example 3 in that the mixed extract described in step 1 of example 3 is not added during tea tree planting and plant protection, and only acidic electrolyzed water and alkaline electrolyzed water are used; the results show that the yield per mu of tea leaves in example 3 is increased by 8 percent, the yield per mu of tea trees in comparative example 1 is increased by about 3 percent, and the yield per mu is obviously lower than that in example 3; in the aspect of controlling anthracnose, the control effect of the embodiment 3 can reach 97.8 percent, the control effect of the comparative example 1 in the same period can reach 90.5 percent, the 1000-time liquid of 75 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder of the existing pesticide is used for controlling the anthracnose as a contrast, and the control effect of the existing pesticide is 98.9 percent in the same period.
Comparative examples 2 and 3
Comparative examples 2 and 3 are comparative tests of example 1, and are different in that in comparative example 2, the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution in step S3 is diluted 8 times and then uniformly mixed with the mixed extract prepared in step S1 in a weight ratio of 200:1 to prepare an acidic mixed solution, and in step S6, the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution in step S1 is diluted 6 times and then uniformly mixed with the extract prepared in step S1 in a weight ratio of 20:1 to atomize and spray the roots, stems, branches and leaves of the saplings; in comparative example 3, the stock solution of the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water in step S3 was diluted 8 times and mixed with the mixed extract prepared in step S1 at a weight ratio of 100:4 to prepare an acidic mixed solution, and in step S6, the stock solution of the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water in step S1 was diluted 6 times and mixed with the extract prepared in step S1 at a weight ratio of 10:3 to spray the roots, stems, branches, and leaves of the saplings, and the other parameters and the like of the steps were the same as those in example 1. The result shows that the yield per mu of the tea leaves in the comparative example 2 is increased by about 2 percent, the control effect on controlling anthracnose can reach 91.6 percent, and the control effect on controlling tea aphids can reach 92.5 percent; in the comparative example 3, the yield of tea leaves per mu is increased by about-1.5 percent, the control effect on anthracnose can reach 95.6 percent, and the simulation effect on tea aphid can reach 94.7 percent; the 1000-time liquid of 75 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder of the existing pesticide is used for controlling the anthracnose, and the controlling effect of the existing pesticide is 98.8 percent simultaneously.
Claims (10)
1. A tea tree planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, using potassium carbonate as electrolyte to generate a high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution with a pH value of 12.5-13.5; using sodium chloride as electrolyte to generate a high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution with a pH value of 1.5-2.0; preparing mixed extracts of castor bean, oriental wormwood, stramonium, dandelion, costustoot and circium japonicum, and storing residues left after extraction for later use;
s2, diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water in the step S1 by 6-7 times, and then spraying the cut of the tea seedling to be subjected to cuttage;
s3, uniformly scattering the residues in the step S1 in seedling raising soil, turning soil, diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water in the step S1 by 8-10 times, adding the mixed extract prepared in the step S1, uniformly mixing, spraying and disinfecting the seedling raising soil, and finally performing cutting seedling raising on the tea tree seedlings treated in the step S2;
s4, diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water in the step S1 by 40 times, and regularly spraying the roots, stems, branches and leaves of the tea plant planted in the step S3;
s5, diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water in the step S1 by 1000 times, and irrigating the roots of the tea trees regularly;
s6 when the tea tree seedlings are infected by diseases and insect pests, diluting the stock solution of the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water in the step S1 by 6 times, adding the extract prepared in the step S1, uniformly mixing, and atomizing and spraying the root, stem, branch and leaf of the tea tree seedlings.
2. The method for planting tea trees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the oxidation-reduction potential of the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution prepared in the step S1 is more than or equal to 960mv, the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 3.76ppm, the dissolved hydrogen is more than or equal to 1.048ppm, the hydroxide ion is more than or equal to 2300ppm, and the potassium ion is more than or equal to 2300 ppm; the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution prepared in the step S1 has the oxidation-reduction potential of 900-1100 mv, dissolved oxygen of not less than 15ppm, effective chlorine concentration of not less than 100ppm and residual sodium chloride concentration of not more than 100 ppm.
3. The method for planting tea trees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S1, the mixed extract is obtained by mixing 12-18 parts by weight of castor, 15-20 parts by weight of oriental wormwood, 10-15 parts by weight of stramonium, 12-15 parts by weight of dandelion, 5-10 parts by weight of costus root and 2-8 parts by weight of Japanese thistle herb, adding fermentation strains and water, fermenting, filtering and concentrating the obtained traditional Chinese medicine liquid.
4. A method of growing tea trees according to claim 3, wherein: the strain added in the fermentation process is beauveria bassiana, the adding amount of the beauveria bassiana is 1-1.5% of the total weight of the traditional Chinese medicine components, the weight of the added water is 3-5 times of the total weight of the traditional Chinese medicine components, the fermentation temperature is 30-35 ℃, the fermentation time is 10-13 days, and the fermentation is concentrated until the relative density is 1.3-1.5.
5. The method for planting tea trees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the use amount of the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution obtained in the step S2 is 10L/thousand plants when the cut of the tea tree seedling to be subjected to cuttage is subjected to spraying treatment after being diluted by 6-7 times.
6. The method for planting tea trees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution in the step S3 is diluted by 8-10 times, the diluted high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution and the mixed extract prepared in the step S1 are uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio of 100: 1-3 to prepare an acidic mixed solution, and the using amount of the acidic mixed solution is 400-500L/mu when the seedling raising soil is subjected to spray disinfection treatment; the use amount of the alkaline mixed solution is 80L/mu when the root, stem, branch and leaf of the tea plant planted in the step S3 are regularly sprayed after the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution in the step S4 is diluted by 40 times, and the mixed solution is sprayed for 1 time every 15 days; in the step S5, the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution in the step S1 is diluted by 1000 times and then is used for irrigating the roots of the tea trees at a dosage of 2000L/mu each time, and the use is performed for 1 time every two months.
7. The method for planting tea trees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the tea tree seedlings are infected by diseases and insect pests in the step S6, diluting the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution in the step S1 by 6 times, uniformly mixing the diluted high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution with the extract prepared in the step S1 according to the weight ratio of 10: 1-2, and then atomizing and spraying the root, stem, branch and leaf of the tea tree seedlings, wherein the using amount of the uniformly mixed solution is 80-100L/mu, and the solution is used for 1-2 times per week.
8. The method for planting tea trees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the tea tree seedlings are infected by the diseases and insect pests in the step S6,
firstly, diluting the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution in the step S1 by 6 times, uniformly mixing the diluted high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution with the extract prepared in the step S1 according to the weight ratio of 10: 1-2, and then atomizing and spraying the root, stem, branch and leaf of the sapling, wherein the using amount of the uniformly mixed solution is 80-100L/mu, and the solution is used for 1 time per week;
and secondly, after the liquid on the stems, branches and leaves of the tea tree seedlings is completely dried, diluting the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution prepared in the step S1 by 40 times, and spraying the diluted high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution on the roots, stems, branches and leaves of the tea tree seedlings, wherein the consumption of the diluted high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution is 80-100L/mu each time.
9. A method of growing tea trees according to any one of claims 1, 7 or 8, wherein: the plant diseases and insect pests are any one or more of anthracnose, tea scale, tea aphid and tea cake disease.
10. Use of the high-concentration alkaline electrolyzed water stock solution prepared according to claim 1 and the high-concentration acidic electrolyzed water stock solution in combination with the mixed extract in the planting and plant protection of tea trees.
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