CN108998794B - 一种Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种Re‑Si共改性铝化物涂层及其制备方法,属于高温防护涂层技术领域。采用复合电镀加电弧离子镀的工艺,在Ni基高温合金上沉积Re‑Si共改性铝化物涂层。具体包括以下步骤:表面处理;采用复合电镀技术在基体上沉积Ni‑Re层;在电镀后得到的Ni‑Re层上使用电弧离子镀沉积AlSiY获得沉积态涂层;对获得的沉积态涂层在真空退火炉中退火获得Re‑Si共改性高温防护铝化物涂层。本发明的优点:制备工艺简单;成分可控性高;涂层中分布有带状的γ’‑Ni3Al相,有利于提高涂层的韧性;可获得CrReW均匀分布于β‑NiAl外层的涂层结构。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高温防护涂层技术领域,具体涉及一种Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层及其制备方法。
背景技术
高温合金由于具有优异的高温抗拉强度、蠕变等性能,广泛应用于航空航天领域。为了提高发动机的工作效率,需不断提高进气口的温度。但是,从高温合金的成分上来看,难以同时兼顾力学性能和抗高温氧化性能,提高镍基高温合金中有利于合金的抗高温氧化和抗热腐蚀性能的Al和Cr元素含量,却会降低合金的力学性能。为解决力学和抗高温氧化性能不可兼得这一矛盾,常用方法是在高温合金表面施加防护涂层,以提高发动机的使用寿命。
常见的高温防护涂层主要分为简单铝化物涂层、改性铝化物涂层、MCrAlY涂层和热障涂层。简单铝化物涂层,其工艺简单和制备成本低,但是不易按要求控制,由于涂层和基体间的互扩散使基体的机械性能下降较快。而且,抗氧化和热腐蚀性能也不理想。因此,在更为恶劣的环境中,简单铝化物涂层已经不能满足性能要求。
为了提高涂层的抗氧化和热腐蚀性能,以及抑制涂层和基体间的互扩散。研究人员在简单铝化物中加入了Pt、Cr、Si、Re、Zr等活性元素制备改性铝化物涂层和Y、Dy等稀土改性铝化物涂层。或者加入多种活性元素,制备成多元素共改性铝化物涂层。
铝化物涂层的常用的制备方法有固体粉末包埋法、料浆法、气渗法和物理气相沉积。但是,固体粉末包埋法渗铝剂和工件相接触,制备的涂层表面状况差;料浆法工艺不够完善,扩散涂层厚度不均匀和涂层不致密;气渗法成分可控性差。有学者使用EB-PVD制备Re改性铝化物涂层合金,但是EB-PVD设备复杂,有效沉积效率低,成本过高。并且Re的蒸气压低使用物理气相沉积较为困难。因此,提供一种制备工艺简单、成分可控、经济的改性铝化物涂层具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层及其制备方法,该方法利用电镀和电弧离子镀技术制备出Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层,有效的解决了现有工艺复杂、涂层质量低、成分难控制和成本高等问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层的制备方法,该方法首先利用复合电镀在镍基高温合金基体上沉积Ni-Re层,然后采用电弧离子镀和真空退火制备Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层。该方法包括如下步骤:
(1)电镀前预处理:电镀前预处理包括依次进行的电化学除油和活化处理,通过预处理去除基体表面氧化层,提高电镀层与基体的结合力;
(2)复合电镀沉积Ni-Re层:将预处理后的基体进行复合电镀,电镀液组成为:1×10-4~1×10-3mol/L的高铼酸钾(KReO4),0.1~0.5mol/L的柠檬酸,0.1~0.5mol/L的Ni2SO4,其余为水;用氨水调节电镀液pH值为6~10;复合电镀过程中,电镀液温度为30-70℃,电流密度为1-6A/dm2,电镀时间为5-30min;
(3)将复合电镀Ni-Re层后的试样在去离子水中超声清洗后,烘干放入干燥箱中备用;
(4)在电镀后得到的Ni-Re层上采用电弧离子镀(AIP)沉积AlSiY涂层,沉积时间为2-5h;
(5)将步骤(4)沉积AlSiY涂层的试样进行退火处理后,即获得所述Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层。
上述步骤(1)中,先对基体进行表面处理,然后再进行预处理;所述表面处理的过程为:在预磨机上使用SiC砂纸对基体进行打磨,将金属的新鲜表面磨出后对基体进行湿喷砂处理,之后依次选择自来水、去离子水和丙酮进行超声处理,以去除试样表面残留的油污等。
上述步骤(1)电镀前预处理中,所述电化学除油具体工艺为:在1-10g/L的氢氧化钠溶液中电化学除油,基体作为阴极,Ni板或者不锈钢板为阳极,电流密度为2-12A/dm2,处理时间为1-5min;所述活化处理使用的活化溶液是由浓H3PO4、浓HCl和去离子水按照(40-60):(10-30):(10-50)的体积比例混合而成;所述浓磷酸和浓盐酸均为分析纯;活化处理过程中,活化溶液加热到30-70℃,基体在活化溶液中浸泡1-5min。
上述步骤(2)中,电镀的Ni-Re层的厚度为1-20μm,所述Ni-Re层中Re的含量为1-50wt.%,其余为Ni。
上述步骤(4)中,沉积AlSiY涂层时使用AlSiY靶材,靶材成分为:Si 1-5wt.%,Y0.5-3wt.%,Al为余量;电弧离子镀的工艺参数为:弧电流50-65A,弧电压为10-30V,直流脉冲负偏压为200-300V,工作气压为0.28-0.3Pa。沉积的AlSiY涂层厚度为10-30μm。
上述步骤(5)中,退火温度为950-1080℃,退火时间为0.5-5h。
采用上述方法制备了Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层,该涂层中主要相为β-NiAl,Re主要分布于外层β-NiAl中;涂层中Re含量为0.1-1wt.%,Si含量为0.5-3wt.%,Al含量为20-40wt.%,Ni含量为60-80wt.%。
本发明的优点如下:
1、本发明通过复合电镀技术沉积Ni-Re层,Re的沉积效率高,镀液使用率高,降低成本。电镀过程中Re和Ni的含量可精确控制。
2、本发明使用电弧离子镀技术,属于物理气相沉积,蒸气压低的元素难以沉积。而Re沉积较为困难,使用电镀加电弧离子镀的技术,可解决这一问题。
3、本发明中制备的Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层,Re促进从基体中扩散到涂层中的Cr和W的富集。Si均匀的分布于涂层中。
4、本发明中外层涂层中含有条状γ’-Ni3Al相,可提高高温下涂层的韧性。
5、本发明采用复合电镀加电弧离子镀技术,制备工艺稳定,可精确的控制涂层的厚度和成分。
附图说明
图1为Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层截面SEM形貌。
图2为Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层XRD图谱分析。
图3为Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层截面元素面分布状况。
图4为Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层外层富CrWRe析出相的元素面分布状况。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图详述介绍本发明。
实施例1:
本实施例是在镍基高温合金上基体上制备Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层。所用的镍基单晶高温合金化学成分如下(质量百分比):Cr:5%,Co:10%,W:11%,Nb:1.5%,Al:6%,Ti:1%,C:1%,B:0.01%,Ni:余量。将直径为16mm的镍基高温合金棒采用线切割加工成直径16mm、厚度为2mm的圆片状试样。并在距边2mm处线切割一个直径为1.5mm的孔,用于电镀和电弧离子镀过程中悬挂试样用。
对试样进行表面处理和预处理:在预磨机上使用SiC砂纸对试样打磨至1000#砂纸,将金属的新鲜表面磨出后对试样进行200目刚玉砂和玻璃砂的混合物、1-2atm进行湿喷砂处理,之后对喷砂样依次选择自来水、去离子水和丙酮进行超声处理以去除表面残留的油污等。电镀前预处理,包括电化学除油和活化处理去除试样表面氧化层。电化学除油具体工艺为:在5g/L的氢氧化钠溶液中电化学除油,基体作为阴极,Ni板为阳极,电流密度为8A/dm2,处理时间为1.5min。活化处理中使用的活化溶液是由浓H3PO4、浓HCl和去离子水按照(40-60):(10-30):(10-50)的体积比例混合而成,所述浓磷酸和浓盐酸均为分析纯(浓磷酸纯度85%,浓盐酸纯度37%);将活化溶液加热到55℃,将试样放其中浸泡5min。
将表面处理和预处理后的试样放入电镀液中进行Ni-Re层电镀。镀液成分为:1×10-4mol/L的高铼酸钾(KReO4),0.3mol/L的柠檬酸和0.3mol/L的Ni2SO4,其余为水,并用氨水调节pH值为6。将电镀液加热到35℃,在电流密度为1A/dm2条件下电镀5min。
在电镀后得到的复合电镀Ni-Re层上使用电弧离子镀(AIP)沉积AlSiY涂层。沉积AlSiY厚度为30μm。所用AlSiY靶材成分见表1,电弧离子镀沉积参数见表2。
表1 AlSiY靶材的成分(wt.%)
表2电弧离子镀(AIP)沉积AlSiY涂层工艺
将沉积AlSiY涂层的试样放入真空退火炉中,在1080℃下保温5h后,随炉冷却。
在本实施例中,从图2的XRD结果分析可知,涂层外层主要为β-NiAl相,还有少量的γ’-Ni3Al相。
图1为Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层截面SEM形貌。由图可知,涂层的外层厚度为25μm左右,内层互扩散区厚度为10μm左右。外层β-NiAl区域分布着大量的白色小颗粒。涂层中分布许多带状的γ’-Ni3Al相,有利于提高涂层的韧性。
外层的涂层中Re含量为0.5wt.%,Si含量为1.5wt.%,Al含量为25wt.%,Ni含量为73wt.%。
涂层外层分布着大量的白色小颗粒,由图3EPMA面元素分布可知,主要为富Re相,其它区域均匀的分布着Re。Si均匀的分布于涂层中。
图4为外层涂层中白色小颗粒放大EPMA面元素分布图,由图可知,进一步发现白色小颗粒为富CrReW相。
以上所述仅为发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:该方法首先利用复合电镀在镍基单晶高温合金基体上沉积Ni-Re层,然后采用电弧离子镀和真空退火制备Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层;所述镍基单晶高温合金基体按质量百分比计的化学成分为:Cr:5%,Co:10%,W:11%,Nb:1.5%,Al:6%,Ti:1%,C:1%,B:0.01%,Ni:余量;
所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)电镀前预处理:电镀前预处理包括依次进行的电化学除油和活化处理,通过预处理去除基体表面氧化层,提高电镀层与基体的结合力;
(2)复合电镀沉积Ni-Re层:将预处理后的基体进行复合电镀,电镀液组成为:1×10-4~1×10-3mol/L的KReO4,0.1~0.5mol/L的柠檬酸,0.1~0.5mol/L的Ni2SO4,其余为水;用氨水调节电镀液pH值为6~10;复合电镀过程中,电镀液温度为30-70℃,电流密度为1-6A/dm2,电镀时间为5-30min;电镀的Ni-Re层的厚度为1-20μm,所述Ni-Re层中Re的含量为1-50wt.%,其余为Ni;
(3)将复合电镀Ni-Re层后的试样在去离子水中超声清洗后,烘干放入干燥箱中备用;
(4)在电镀后得到的Ni-Re层上采用电弧离子镀沉积AlSiY涂层,沉积时间为2-5h;沉积AlSiY涂层时使用AlSiY靶材,靶材成分为:Si 1-5wt.%,Y 0.5-3wt.%,Al为余量;电弧离子镀的工艺参数为:弧电流50-65A,弧电压为10-30V,直流脉冲负偏压为200-300V,工作气压为0.28-0.3Pa;
(5)将步骤(4)沉积AlSiY涂层的试样进行退火处理,退火温度为950-1080℃,退火时间为0.5-5h;退火处理后,即获得所述Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,先对基体进行表面处理,然后再进行预处理;所述表面处理的过程为:在预磨机上使用SiC砂纸对基体进行打磨,将金属的新鲜表面磨出后对基体进行湿喷砂处理,之后依次选择自来水、去离子水和丙酮进行超声处理,以去除试样表面残留的油污。
3.根据权利要求1所述的Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)电镀前预处理中,所述电化学除油具体工艺为:在1-10g/L的氢氧化钠溶液中电化学除油,基体作为阴极,Ni板或者不锈钢板为阳极,电流密度为2-12A/dm2,处理时间为1-5min;所述活化处理使用的活化溶液是由浓H3PO4、浓HCl和去离子水按照(40-60):(10-30):(10-50)的体积比例混合而成;活化处理过程中,活化溶液加热到30-70℃,基体在活化溶液中浸泡1-5min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,沉积的AlSiY涂层厚度为10-30μm。
5.一种利用权利要求1所述方法制备的Re-Si共改性铝化物涂层,其特征在于:该涂层中主要相为β-NiAl,Re主要分布于外层β-NiAl中;涂层中Re含量为0.1-1wt.%,Si含量为0.5-3wt.%,Al含量为20-40 wt.%,Ni含量为60-80 wt.%。
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