CN108991325A - 落叶松阿拉伯半乳聚糖固体饮料的制备方法 - Google Patents
落叶松阿拉伯半乳聚糖固体饮料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/125—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols; containing starch hydrolysates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种落叶松阿拉伯半乳聚糖固体饮料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将落叶松锯末子磨成粉末,过40目筛后,按1∶20(m/v)的比例加入适量水,超声提取三次,每次20min,将所得的提取液过大孔树脂柱,依次用蒸馏水、30%乙醇、70%乙醇进行梯度洗脱,合并水洗脱组分和30%乙醇洗脱组分,烘干,将所得的固体粉末用乙醇醇沉三次,得到阿拉伯半乳聚糖精华;按质量比称取:阿拉伯半乳聚糖50%,水溶性膳食纤维50%,混合搅拌均匀,即得固体饮料。本发明的阿拉伯半乳聚糖能够提高巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬率和吞噬指数,提高机体对外来病毒和病菌的抵抗作用,提高机体免疫能力,有助于延缓衰老过程和老年病的防治。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保健饮料制备领域,具体涉及一种落叶松阿拉伯半乳聚糖固体饮料的制备方法。
背景技术
阿拉伯半乳聚糖(arabinogalactan)是从植物细胞壁中获得的一种活性多聚糖,由阿拉伯糖与半孰糖两种多糖组成,具有高度支链且较长结构的中性多糖。主链是由半乳糖组成,它的分支结构主要是阿拉伯糖侧链构成,通过P-1,3键或P-1,6键与半乳糖链形成连接。在针叶树的木质部中大量含有此糖,特别在落叶松(Larix)中可达25%。临床试验表明L-阿拉伯糖对蔗糖的代谢转化具有阻断作用,使其在减肥、控制糖尿病等方面的应用前景看好。同时阿拉伯半乳聚糖具有增强免疫、抑制肿瘤、定向运送、改善肠道菌群等生理功能。
松树中所提取制备的阿拉伯半乳聚糖呈灰白色粉末状,口味和松木相接近,具有清爽的口味体验,不溶于乙醇,易溶水(溶解度约40%),具有较低的粘度,且无聚集的粘稠物,加热后粘度有所降低,特性与阿拉伯胶相类似,分散性和表面活性都十分优良。不能被人体口腔、胃和小肠等部位所消化吸收,但在大肠内存在着一些特殊微生物,可将其降解。在消化系统中有吸收水份的作用;增加肠道及胃内的食物体积,可增加饱足感;又能促进肠胃蠕动,可舒解便秘;同时也能吸附肠道中的有害物质以便排出;改善肠道菌群,为益生菌的增殖提供能量和营养,是健康饮食不可缺少的,在保持消化系统健康上扮演着重要的角色,同时摄取足够的纤维也可以预防心血管疾病、癌症、糖尿病以及其它疾病。纤维可以清洁消化壁和增强消化功能,纤维同时可稀释和加速食物中的致癌物质和有毒物质的移除,保护脆弱的消化道和预防结肠癌。纤维可减缓消化速度和最快速排泄胆固醇,所以可让血液中的血糖和胆固醇控制在最理想的水平。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供了落叶松阿拉伯半乳聚糖固体饮料的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:
落叶松阿拉伯半乳聚糖固体饮料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将落叶松锯末子磨成粉末,过40目筛后,按1∶20(m/v)的比例加入适量水,40~60℃,超声功率180W的条件下提取三次,每次20min,得提取液;
S2、将所得的提取液过大孔树脂柱,依次用蒸馏水、30%乙醇、70%乙醇进行梯度洗脱,合并水洗脱组分和30%乙醇洗脱组分,烘干,得固体粉末;
S3、将所得的固体粉末用乙醇醇沉三次,得到阿拉伯半乳聚糖精华;
S4、按质量比称取:阿拉伯半乳聚糖50%,水溶性膳食纤维50%,混合搅拌均匀,即得固体饮料。
优选地,所述水溶性膳食纤维为抗性糊精。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明的阿拉伯半乳聚糖能够提高巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬率和吞噬指数,提高机体对外来病毒和病菌的抵抗作用,提高机体免疫能力,有助于延缓衰老过程和老年病的防治。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例落叶松阿拉伯半乳聚糖固体饮料的制备方法的流程图。
图2为阿拉伯半乳聚糖标准曲线。
图3为阿拉伯半乳聚糖清除DPPH自由基结果。
图4为阿拉伯半乳聚糖对小白鼠免疫器官重量的影响。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例
落叶松阿拉伯半乳聚糖纯化工艺:
如图1所示,包括如下步骤:
S1、将落叶松锯末子磨成粉末,过40目筛后,按1∶20(m/v)的比例加入适量水,40~60℃,超声功率180W的条件下提取三次,每次20min,得提取液;
S2、将所得的提取液过大孔树脂柱,依次用蒸馏水、30%乙醇、70%乙醇进行梯度洗脱,合并水洗脱组分和30%乙醇洗脱组分,烘干,得固体粉末;
S3、将所得的固体粉末用乙醇醇沉三次,得到阿拉伯半乳聚糖精华。
阿拉伯半乳聚糖含量测定:
标准溶液的配制:准确称量0.0889g半乳糖和0.0100g阿拉伯糖标准品(摩尔比7.41∶1,混合后定容于100mL容量瓶中,即得浓度为0.99mg/mL的混合糖标准母溶液,将此标准母液稀释5倍,得到0.2mg/mL的混标糖溶液待用。总糖标准曲线的制作
采用苯酷-硫酸法:分别吸取0.2mg/mL标准液0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7mL于具塞试管中,接着各补加蒸馈水至2.0mL,然后依次加入0.6%的苯酪溶液1.0mL后摇匀,迅速加入浓硫酸5.0mL,静置10min后摇匀,再室温放置20min,最后于490nm测量吸光度A值。以2.0mL蒸馏水为空白对照。
样品中总糖的测定
取样品化5mL,按照上述方法检测吸光度,代入标准曲线方程中求出阿拉伯半乳聚糖含量。
得到总糖标准曲线,如图2所示,得到回归方程;
y=9.4506-0.0114(R2=0.9996)
多指标含量测定法:
抗氧化活性测定:
DPPH自由基清除能力的测定,用80%的己醇溶液为溶剂配制1.5×10-4mol/L的DPPH溶液,将配制承德一定浓度梯度的待测溶液,取2mL,加入DPPH溶液2mL,摇匀,室温下避光反应30min,蒸馏水代替样品空白对照,517nm波长的定吸光度A。取2mL不同浓度样品测量,重复3次。按照下列公式计算。
A为DPPH溶液2mL+样品2mL;AX为样品+水;A0为DPPH+水。
阿拉伯半乳聚糖对小鼠免疫功能影响
实验取体重20g左右小白鼠30只,随机分为3组,阿拉伯半乳聚糖大、小剂量组和生理盐水组,阿拉伯半乳聚糖大,小剂量组组分别灌胃阿拉伯半乳聚糖150mg/kg每天,50mg/kg每天,对照组灌胃等剂量的生理盐水,连续7天。在末次给药后2h从小鼠尾部取血检测血常规。
阿拉伯半乳聚糖对小白鼠免疫器官重量的影响
实验取体重10~12g幼鼠30只,随机分为3组,阿拉伯半乳聚糖大、小剂量组和对照组(简称A、B、C组),给药剂量同上,连续10d,在末次给药后2h处死小鼠,分别称取体重、胸腺和脾脏的质量,以胸腺、脾脏的质量(mg)与体质量(g)之比作为胸腺、脾脏的指数。
阿拉伯半乳聚糖对小白鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响
实验取体重22~24g小白鼠30只,随机分为3组,阿拉伯半乳聚糖大、小剂量组和生理盐水组,给药剂量同上,连续7d.在末次给药后1h每只小鼠腹腔注射5%的可溶性灭菌淀粉1mL,24h后再次腹腔注射5%鸡红细胞生理盐水悬液0.5mL,30min后处死动物,打开腹腔作腹腔液涂片,“瑞氏”染液染色,镜下观察并计算巨噬细胞吞噬百分率及吞噬指数。
实验结果:
阿拉伯半乳聚糖含量测定:
进行3次平行试验,实际测得阿拉伯半乱聚糖的得率为19.82%,含量为88%。与理论预测值相差很小。利用上述方法测得该固体饮料(松树中阿拉伯半乳聚糖:水溶性膳食纤维(糊精)为=1∶1)含量为43%。
抗氧化活性清除DPPH自由基实验结果
如图3所示,在试验浓度范围内,样品对DPPH自由基的清除率随阿拉伯半乳聚糖的浓度的增大,清除率呈现不断增加趋势,呈现出良好的量效关系。当质量浓度为5mg/mL时,清除率达到87.73%。与阳性对照组VC几乎相当。样品对DPPH自由基清除率IC50值为1.68mg/mL,说明阿拉伯半乳聚糖对DPPH自由基有较好的清除能力。
动物生长情况外观及对血常规的影响
服用阿拉伯半乳聚糖大、校剂量组小鼠比对照组小鼠个头大、粗壮,毛顺而光亮,非常活泼,体格健壮,活动度与进食增加,血常规及血红蛋白检测结果见表1。
表1阿拉伯半乳聚糖对小白鼠血常规和血红蛋白影响n=10(x±s)
从表1可见,相对于空白对照组,阿拉伯半乳聚糖均可以使小白鼠血液中的红细胞、白细胞和淋巴细胞数量增加,与对照组比较有显著性差异,同时该差异伴随剂量的增加,差异性更加显著,高剂量组有数量明显比小剂量组多,而与血红蛋白、中性粒细胞及单核细胞与对照组比较无显著性差异。
阿拉伯半乳聚糖对小白鼠免疫器官重量的影响
实验计算幼鼠的胸腺和脾脏的指数,结果见表2和图4。
表2阿拉伯半乳聚糖对小白鼠免疫器官重量的影响(n=10)
从表2可见阿拉伯半乳聚糖能促进正常小鼠体重影响较小,但是对胸腺和脾脏重量的增加,经单因素方差分析,与对照组比较有显著性差异。
阿拉伯半乳聚糖对小白鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响
实验分组与给药剂量同上,连续7d,常规染色,镜下观察,结果见表3,均为HE染色×400倍。
表3阿拉伯半乳聚糖对小白鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响(n=10)
从表3可见,阿拉伯半乳聚糖能增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬百分率,并且使吞噬指数提高,阿拉伯半乳聚糖大剂量组的作用明显强于小剂量组.经单因素方差分析,组间比较,阿拉伯半乳聚糖大、小剂量组与对照组比较有显著性差异,对照组的巨噬细胞吞噬的鸡红细胞很少,而阿拉伯半乳聚糖大、小剂量组的巨噬细胞吞噬的鸡红细胞很多.
利用中草药对免疫进行研究时发现,许多补益类中药的活性成分是以多糖的形式存在。大量的实验研究证明多糖对机体特异性免疫与非特异性免疫、细胞免疫与体液免疫均存在着广泛的影响。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以作出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.落叶松阿拉伯半乳聚糖固体饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、将落叶松锯末子磨成粉末,过40目筛后,按1∶20(m/v)的比例加入适量水,40~60℃,超声提取三次,每次20min,得提取液;
S2、将所得的提取液过大孔树脂柱,依次用蒸馏水、30%乙醇、70%乙醇进行梯度洗脱,合并水洗脱组分和30%乙醇洗脱组分,烘干,得固体粉末;
S3、将所得的固体粉末用乙醇醇沉三次,得到阿拉伯半乳聚糖精华;
S4、按质量比称取:阿拉伯半乳聚糖50%,水溶性膳食纤维50%,混合搅拌均匀,即得固体饮料。
2.如权利要求1所述的落叶松阿拉伯半乳聚糖固体饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1中超声提取的功率为180W。
3.如权利要求1所述的落叶松阿拉伯半乳聚糖固体饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水溶性膳食纤维为抗性糊精。
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CN111345424A (zh) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-06-30 | 吉林农业科技学院 | 一种玉竹多糖固体饮料及纯化工艺 |
CN113388047A (zh) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-09-14 | 大兴安岭百盛蓝莓科技开发有限公司 | 一种从落叶松中同时提取阿拉伯半乳聚糖以及二氢槲皮素的方法 |
CN114831309A (zh) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-08-02 | 杭州参友健康管理有限公司 | 一种灵芝西洋参组合物及其制备方法与应用 |
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CN111345424A (zh) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-06-30 | 吉林农业科技学院 | 一种玉竹多糖固体饮料及纯化工艺 |
CN113388047A (zh) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-09-14 | 大兴安岭百盛蓝莓科技开发有限公司 | 一种从落叶松中同时提取阿拉伯半乳聚糖以及二氢槲皮素的方法 |
CN114831309A (zh) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-08-02 | 杭州参友健康管理有限公司 | 一种灵芝西洋参组合物及其制备方法与应用 |
CN114831309B (zh) * | 2022-06-22 | 2024-06-11 | 杭州参友健康管理有限公司 | 一种灵芝西洋参组合物及其制备方法与应用 |
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