CN108976386A - 一种含有天然植物抗菌防霉聚氨酯复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种含有天然植物抗菌防霉聚氨酯复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108976386A
CN108976386A CN201810565189.7A CN201810565189A CN108976386A CN 108976386 A CN108976386 A CN 108976386A CN 201810565189 A CN201810565189 A CN 201810565189A CN 108976386 A CN108976386 A CN 108976386A
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component
parts
polyether polyol
composite material
composite
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Inventor
林凯旋
马仁
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Coolistlife Technology Co Ltd
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Coolistlife Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201810565189.7A priority Critical patent/CN108976386A/zh
Priority to US16/037,245 priority patent/US10676596B2/en
Publication of CN108976386A publication Critical patent/CN108976386A/zh
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种含有天然植物抗菌防霉聚氨酯复合材料及其制备方法，复合材料包括A组分和B组分，A组分与B组分按重量份100:（20～50）配比，A组分按重量份数计包括：植物油基聚醚多元醇30～60份；聚醚多元醇Ⅰ20～50份；聚醚多元醇Ⅱ5～20份；复合植物提取物5～20份；催化剂0～0.5份；表面活性剂0.5～2份；交联剂0～2份；发泡剂1.5～3份；所述B组分按重量份数计包括：改性MDI20～50份。采用本发明的制备方法所制得的复合材料具有良好的稳定性，由此制得的聚氨酯产品可降解，本发明的复合材料，采用了具有抗菌防霉的天然植物，使得该复合材料能够有效防止细菌的滋生，绿色环保。

Description

一种含有天然植物抗菌防霉聚氨酯复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于高分子化学领域，具体涉及一种含有天然植物抗菌防霉聚氨酯复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯是一种常见的高分子材料，广泛应用于日常生活中，但是，用于生产聚氨酯的多元醇大多来原于石油化工产品，而作为不可再生的石油资源有限，且无法自然降解是传统的聚氨酯产品中的一大难题，在使用年限到期时只能通过燃烧方法废弃，如此一来便会带来空气污染。
天然植物油基成为低碳环保最佳的替代性环保材料。可持续，可降解，减少对石油化学产品的依赖。此外，聚氨酯生产的枕头，床垫等生活用品，因为枕芯，床垫内芯无法清洗的关系，抗菌防霉就显得十分必要。现有的抗菌产品只有单一的抗菌功能，无法发挥除臭及降低污染物的功效。
植物油基聚氨酯复合材料因为是高蛋白材料，容易产生细菌滋生的腐化问题。如何解决上述问题，是本领域技术人员亟待解决的事情。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种含有天然植物抗菌防霉聚氨酯复合材料，该复合材料具有良好的抗菌防霉作用，能够有效防止细菌的滋生，绿色环保。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种含有天然植物抗菌防霉聚氨酯复合材料，所述复合材料包括A组分和B组分，所述A组分与所述B组分按重量份100:(20～50)配比，
所述A组分按重量份数计包括：
植物油基聚醚多元醇30～60份；
聚醚多元醇Ⅰ20～50份；
聚醚多元醇Ⅱ5～20份；
复合植物提取物5～20份；
催化剂0～0.5份；
表面活性剂0.5～2份；
交联剂0～2份；
发泡剂1.5～3份；
所述B组分按重量份数计包括：
改性MDI20～50份；
其中，所述的植物油基聚醚多元醇为大豆多元醇，官能度是1～14，羟值为55～240mgKOH/g，植物油含量在90％以上；所述的聚醚多元醇Ⅰ的官能度是3，羟值为42mgKOH/g；所述的聚醚多元醇Ⅱ的官能度是1～2，羟值为56～115mgKOH/g；所述的复合植物提取物为大蒜、白头翁、金银花及鼠尾草混合物的提取物。
这里的改性MDI为聚醚改性MDI，通过加入改性MDI用来调整聚氨酯复合材料的软硬度以满足客户的需求。
这里通过在复合材料中添加复合植物提取物，可使该聚氨酯复合材料在不使用化学试剂的情况下实现了抗菌防腐的作用，使得该复合材料更加绿色环保。
优选地，所述的催化剂为胺类催化剂。
进一步优选地，所述胺类催化剂选自双(二甲基胺基乙基)醚、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、N，Nˊ-二甲基环己胺、三亚乙基二胺和延迟性催化剂中的一种或多种。作为一种具体实施方式，该催化剂选自美国迈图高新材料集团提供的Niax A-33胺类催化剂。
优选地，所述交联剂为2～3官能度的短链多羟基化合物。
进一步优选地，所述交联剂为乙二醇或二乙醇胺。
优选地，所述发泡剂选自水、一氟二氯乙烷中的一种或两者的混合物。
优选地，所述的表面活性剂为亲水性聚氨酯软泡硅油。在一些实施方式中，表面活性剂选用了美国迈图高新材料集团提供的L-580硅油。
优选地，所述的复合植物提取物，按质量百分比计，其提取物含量为10～30：1(％)，粒度为：2000目及以上。
一种上述复合材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)、称取A组分与B组分，其中，A组分包括植物油基聚醚多元醇30～40份、聚醚多元醇Ⅰ20～50份、聚醚多元醇Ⅱ5～20份、复合植物提取物5～20份、催化剂0～0.5份、交联剂0～2份、发泡剂1.5～3份；B组分包括改性MDI20～50份；
(2)、将步骤(1)中的植物油基聚醚多元醇、聚醚多元醇Ⅰ、聚醚多元醇Ⅱ加入在30～100℃的搅拌釜中搅拌均匀；
(3)、将步骤(2)所得到的混合物与复合植物提取物一起加入带高速分散搅拌釜中，对物料进行高速剪切、撞击、粉碎、分散，达到迅速混合、溶解、分散、细化；
(4)、将步骤(3)所得到的混合体与催化剂、交联剂、表面活性剂和发泡剂搅拌混合得A组分，然后将A组分和B组分搅拌混合，在20～60℃的温度环境下反应成型。
优选地，所述复合植物提取物的提取步骤如下：将大蒜、白头翁、金银花、鼠尾草原料分别放入90～95℃热水中，浸泡2小时，水量14倍量,采用80目的塑料过滤网进行过滤，过滤后滤液待用,滤液经浓缩机浓缩，浓缩温度为90～95℃，浓缩至波美度1.15～1.18；浓缩后的产品进入喷雾干燥设备进行干燥，喷雾干燥的进风温度110～115℃，出风温度为90～95℃，干燥2～3小时，而后将干燥好的大蒜、白头翁、金银花、鼠尾草分别按1：1：0.5：0.5的比例进行称量，后进入粉碎机粉碎，并且充分混合，混合后过2000目筛，筛网上的残渣继续进行粉碎，继续筛分，如此循环过筛。
由于上述技术方案的运用，本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点：本发明的聚氨酯复合材料，其采用了以含有天然植物油基聚醚多元醇为主要原料，结合可抗菌防霉的植物提取物、改性MDI，利用各组分间的协同增效作用，采用了特定的制备工艺，使得该复合材料具有良好的稳定性，同时具有抗菌防霉的作用，由此制得的聚氨酯产品可降解，克服了现有技术中天然植物油基聚氨酯材料，因其为高蛋白材料，易产生细菌滋生的腐化问题，本发明的复合材料，采用的天然植物具有抗菌防霉的作用，有效防止细菌的滋生，绿色环保。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明，但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法，按照常规方法和条件，或按照商品说明书选择。而且下述实施例中的各个组分选用不限于此，也可以选用前面发明内容提到其他类型的原料进行组合。以下实施例中L-580为购自美国迈图高新材料集团的表面活性剂。
实施例1
本例提供了一种含有天然植物抗菌防霉聚氨酯复合材料，其包括A组分和B组分，
A组分按重量份数计包括：
B组分按重量份数计：
改性MDI 40份
A组分与B组分按重量份100:40配比。
本例中还提供了该复合材料的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)、准确称取以上各组份原料：
(2)、将步骤(1)中的植物油基聚醚多元醇、聚醚多元醇Ⅰ、聚醚多元醇Ⅱ、加入在30～100℃(降低粘度)搅拌釜中搅拌均匀：
(3)、将步骤(2)的混合体与复合植物提取物加入带高速分散机搅拌釜中，利用其对物料进行高速的强烈的剪切、撞击、粉碎、分散，达到迅速混合、溶解、分散、细化：
(4)、将步骤(3)的混合体与催化剂、交联剂、表面活性剂和环保发泡剂搅拌混合得A组分，然后将A组分和B组分搅拌混合，在60℃的温度环境下反应成型。
实施例2
本例提供了一种含有天然植物抗菌防霉聚氨酯复合材料，其包括A组分和B组分，
A组分按重量份数计包括：
B组分按重量份数计包括：
改性MDI 35份
A组分与B组分按重量份100:30配比。
该复合材料的制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例3
本例提供了一种含有天然植物抗菌防霉聚氨酯复合材料，其包括A组分和B组分，
A组分按重量份数计包括：
B组分按重量份数计包括：
改性MDI 40份
A组分与B组分按重量份100:40配比。
该复合材料的制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例4
本例提供了一种含有天然植物抗菌防霉聚氨酯复合材料，其包括A组分和B组分，
A组分按重量份数计包括：
B组分按重量份数计包括：
改性MDI 35份
A组分与B组分按重量份100:25配比。
该复合材料的制备方法与实施例1相同。
以上实施例1至实施例4中的植物油基聚醚多元醇为大豆多元醇，官能度是7～14，羟值为110～240mgKOH/g，植物油含量在95％以上；聚醚多元醇Ⅰ的官能度是3，羟值为42mgKOH/g；聚醚多元醇Ⅱ的官能度是1～2，羟值为56～115mgKOH/g；复合植物提取物为大蒜、白头翁、金银花及鼠尾草混合物的提取物。
该复合植物提取物含量为10～30：1(％)，粒度为：2000目及以上。该复合植物提取物通过以下方式取得：将大蒜、白头翁、金银花、鼠尾草原料分别放入90～95℃热水中，浸泡2小时。水量14倍量,采用80目的塑料过滤网进行过滤，滤液待用,滤液经过浓缩机浓缩，温度为90～95℃，浓缩至波美度1.15～1.18。浓缩后的产品进入喷雾干燥设备，进行干燥，喷雾干燥的进风温度110～115℃，出风温度为90～95℃，干燥2～3小时，将干燥好的大蒜、白头翁、金银花、鼠尾草分别按1：1：0.5：0.5比例进行称量，后进入粉碎机粉碎，并且充分混合，混合后过2000目筛子进行筛分，筛网上的残渣继续进行粉碎，继续筛分，如此循环过筛。
实施例5抗菌对比实验
对实施例1至4中所制得的含有天然植物抗菌防霉聚氨酯复合材料进行抗菌性实验。
测试方法：
采用ISO 20743:2013对样本进行定量评估抗菌性
测试结果：
Ma＝开始阶段细菌接种数量的浓度的对数
Mb＝细菌接种24h后细菌数量的对数(在未做抗菌处理的样本上)
Mc＝细菌接种24h后细菌数量的对数(在做抗菌处理的样本上)
S＝24h后抗菌处理的样本上减少的细菌数量的对数
接种的细菌为金黄色葡萄球菌。
表1抗菌对比实验结果
从表1中可知，采用本发明的制备方法所制得的复合材料，其抗菌性能好，而采用实施例2和3的组分所制成的复合材料，其抗菌性能更好，细菌数量减少比例高，且恢复数量对数更少。
实施例6防霉对比实验
对实施例1至4中所制得的含有天然植物抗菌防霉聚氨酯复合材料就进行防霉性实验。
表2对抗黒曲霉实验结果
从表2中，我们可以看出采用了本发明方法所制备得到的聚氨酯复合材料，其细菌抑制性好，而采用实施例3中的配方的聚氨酯复合材料，其对黒曲霉的表面抑制性更优。
表3对抗绿木霉实验结果
从表3中，我们可以看出采用了本发明方法所制备得到的聚氨酯复合材料，其细菌抑制性好，而采用实施例3中的配方的聚氨酯复合材料，其对绿木霉的表面抑制性更优。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种含有天然植物抗菌防霉聚氨酯复合材料，其特征在于，所述复合材料包括A组分和B组分，所述A组分与所述B组分按重量份100:（20～50）配比，
所述A组分按重量份数计包括：
植物油基聚醚多元醇30～60份；
聚醚多元醇Ⅰ20～50份；
聚醚多元醇Ⅱ5～20份；
复合植物提取物5～20份；
催化剂0～0.5份；
表面活性剂0.5～2份；
交联剂0～2份；
发泡剂1.5～3份；
所述B组分按重量份数计包括：
改性MDI20～50份；
其中，所述的植物油基聚醚多元醇为大豆多元醇，官能度是1～14，羟值为55～240mgKOH/g，植物油含量在90%以上；所述的聚醚多元醇Ⅰ的官能度是3，羟值为42mgKOH/g；所述的聚醚多元醇Ⅱ的官能度是1～2，羟值为56～115mgKOH/g；所述的复合植物提取物为大蒜、白头翁、金银花及鼠尾草混合物的提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述的催化剂为胺类催化剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述胺类催化剂选自双(二甲基胺基乙基)醚、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、N，Nˊ-二甲基环己胺、三亚乙基二胺和延迟性催化剂中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述交联剂为2～3官能度的短链多羟基化合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述交联剂为乙二醇或二乙醇胺。
6.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述发泡剂选自水、一氟二氯乙烷中的一种或两者的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述的表面活性剂为亲水性聚氨酯软泡硅油。
8.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述的复合植物提取物，按质量百分比计，其提取物含量为10~30：1（%），粒度为：2000目及以上。
9.一种如权利要求1至8中任一所述的复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
（1）、称取A组分与B组分，其中，A组分包括植物油基聚醚多元醇30~40份、聚醚多元醇Ⅰ20～50份、聚醚多元醇Ⅱ5～20份、复合植物提取物5～20份、催化剂0～0.5份、交联剂0～2份、发泡剂1.5～3份；B组分包括改性MDI 20～50份；
（2）、将步骤（1）中的植物油基聚醚多元醇、聚醚多元醇Ⅰ、聚醚多元醇Ⅱ加入在30～100℃的搅拌釜中搅拌均匀；
（3）、将步骤（2）所得到的混合物与复合植物提取物一起加入带高速分散搅拌釜中，对物料进行高速剪切、撞击、粉碎、分散，达到迅速混合、溶解、分散、细化；
（4）、将步骤（3）所得到的混合体与催化剂、交联剂、表面活性剂和发泡剂搅拌混合得A组分，然后将A组分和B组分搅拌混合，在20～60℃的温度环境下反应成型。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述复合植物提取物的提取步骤如下：将大蒜、白头翁、金银花、鼠尾草原料分别放入90～95℃热水中，浸泡2小时，水量14倍量，采用80目的塑料过滤网进行过滤，过滤后滤液待用,滤液经浓缩机浓缩，浓缩温度为90～95℃，浓缩至波美度1.15～1.18；浓缩后的产品进入喷雾干燥设备进行干燥，喷雾干燥的进风温度110～115℃，出风温度为90～95℃，干燥2～3小时，而后将干燥好的大蒜、白头翁、金银花、鼠尾草分别按1：1：0.5：0.5的比例进行称量，后进入粉碎机粉碎，并且充分混合，混合后过2000目筛，筛网上的残渣继续进行粉碎，继续筛分，如此循环过筛。
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