CN108975893A - 一种蛋白土制备莫来石多孔陶瓷的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种蛋白土制备莫来石多孔陶瓷的方法,包括以下步骤:(1)按照改性蛋白土、氢氧化铝、ρ‑氧化铝和烧结助剂重量比为3:4:1:0.1,将原料放入玛瑙球磨罐中,用行星球磨机以300rpm球磨3h,得到混合均匀的粉料;(2)将粉料加水,配制成固含量为55%的陶瓷浆料;(3)将把制备好的陶瓷浆料迅速倒入一定形状的模具中浇铸成型,并真空脱气,除去浆料中的气泡,然后把样品置于在室温下干燥48h后得到陶瓷生坯;(4)将陶瓷生坯烧结,冷却,即得莫来石多孔陶瓷。本发明的莫来石陶瓷制备工艺简单、工艺易于控制、制备过程污染小和生产成本低的特点;所制备的莫来石多孔陶瓷强度高、开气孔率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种蛋白土制备莫来石多孔陶瓷的方法,属于无机陶瓷材料领域。
背景技术
由于具有良好的化学稳定性、较高的常温和高温强度、优异的耐热冲击性和良好的流体透过性能,莫来石多孔陶瓷在热气过滤、熔融金属过滤、催化剂载体和热绝缘等领域表现出广阔的应用前景。不同铝质原料对形成的针状莫来石的微观结构、相组成和性能有着重要影响。江东亮等人(中国专利,专利公开号CN101037345)以白炭黑和氧化铝为主要原料,采用凝胶冷冻干燥法制备莫来石多孔陶瓷。袁磊等人(中国专利,专利公开号CN103833400)以含氧化铝和二氧化硅的矿物或固体废弃物,工业氧化铝为原料,外加淀粉和铵盐作为造孔剂在1400~1600℃烧结,制备得到自生纤维增强的莫来石多孔陶瓷。王慧等人(中国专利,专利公开号CN101012767)以磷酸、氢氧化铝和莫来石纤维为原料采用湿法成型,于1000~1300℃烧结得到高孔隙率的莫来石纤维多孔陶瓷。但是普遍存在莫来石多孔陶瓷空隙率与强度的矛盾,空隙率高,强度低。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种蛋白土制备莫来石多孔陶瓷的方法,解决了现有莫来石多孔陶瓷空隙率与强度的矛盾,空隙率高,强度低的问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种蛋白土制备莫来石多孔陶瓷的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照改性蛋白土、氢氧化铝、ρ-氧化铝和烧结助剂重量比为3:4:1:0.1,将原料放入玛瑙球磨罐中,用行星球磨机以300rpm球磨3h,得到混合均匀的粉料;
(2)将均匀粉料与水混合,配制成固含量为55%的陶瓷浆料;
(3)将把制备好的陶瓷浆料迅速倒入一定形状的模具中浇铸成型,并真空脱气,除去浆料中的气泡,然后把样品置于在室温下干燥48h后得到陶瓷生坯;
(4)将陶瓷生坯烧结,冷却,即得莫来石多孔陶瓷。
进一步,本发明的一种优选方案:所述的烧结助剂,按照重量份计,包括30-40份生滑石、50-60份长石、1份氧化铈、3-5份白炭黑。
进一步,本发明的一种优选方案:所述的改性蛋白土的制备方法为称取一定量蛋白土600℃焙烧2h后,按照液固比为3∶1加入浓度为40%硫酸,搅拌均匀,100℃,反应2h,然后用水冲洗至无硫酸,干燥。
进一步,本发明的一种优选方案:所述的烧结为:以1℃/min的速率缓慢升温至300℃,然后以2℃/min升温至800℃,5℃/min升至1500℃保温4小时烧结,然后随炉冷却。
本发明的有益效果:
蛋白土又称蛋白石,是一种含水非晶质或胶质的活性二氧化硅,是一种无定形硅质矿物。其化学组成为SiO2.nH2O,其中所Si为无定形结构,主要成份除Si外还含少量氧化铁、氧化铝、锰、铜和有机杂质等。蛋白石岩是由极微小的蛋白石球体组成,有较发育的孔隙,具有孔隙度高,吸水性强,吸附性好等特点。经过改性处理,SiO2含量由79%升至90%,且空隙率大幅提高。采用蛋白土作为主料,作为造孔剂,可以有效的提高莫来石陶瓷的空隙率,降低粘结剂的用量,进而提高产品的强度。
本发明中通过添加烧结助剂,烧结助剂优选生滑石、长石、氧化铈和白炭黑,可以有效的提高莫来石陶瓷的强度。
ρ-氧化铝是一种具有特殊晶型的氧化铝,也叫水硬性氧化铝,这种氧化铝与其它相氧化铝所不同的是,能够吸收水份重新水化转变成拜耳石或一水软铝石。这是一个强烈的放热反应。在反应后,粉状物或浆料可以变成坚硬的块状物,因此可以利用ρ-氧化铝对陶瓷浆料进行固化成型。采用ρ-氧化铝作为胶黏剂,并提供铝源,实验过程中不需要加入有机物,不需要缓慢的排胶过程,是一种低能耗、绿色环保的方法。
本发明的莫来石陶瓷制备工艺简单、工艺易于控制、制备过程污染小和生产成本低的特点;所制备的莫来石多孔陶瓷强度高、开气孔率高。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种蛋白土制备莫来石多孔陶瓷的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照改性蛋白土、氢氧化铝、ρ-氧化铝和烧结助剂重量比为3:4:1:0.1,将原料放入玛瑙球磨罐中,用行星球磨机以300rpm球磨3h,得到混合均匀的粉料;
(2)将均匀粉料与水混合,配制成固含量为55%的陶瓷浆料;
(3)将把制备好的陶瓷浆料迅速倒入一定形状的模具中浇铸成型,并真空脱气,除去浆料中的气泡,然后把样品置于在室温下干燥48h后得到陶瓷生坯;
(4)将陶瓷生坯烧结,冷却,以1℃/min的速率缓慢升温至300℃,然后以2℃/min,升温至800℃,5℃/min升至1500℃保温4小时烧结,然后随炉冷却,即得莫来石多孔陶瓷。
烧结助剂,按照重量份计,包括30份生滑石、60份长石、1份氧化铈、5份白炭黑。
改性蛋白土的制备方法为称取一定量蛋白土600℃焙烧2h后,按照液固比为3∶1加入浓度为40%硫酸,搅拌均匀,100℃,反应2h,然后用水冲洗至无硫酸,干燥。
实施例2
一种蛋白土制备莫来石多孔陶瓷的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照改性蛋白土、氢氧化铝、ρ-氧化铝和烧结助剂重量比为3:4:1:0.1,将原料放入玛瑙球磨罐中,用行星球磨机以300rpm球磨3h,得到混合均匀的粉料;
(2)将均匀粉料与水混合,配制成固含量为55%的陶瓷浆料;
(3)将把制备好的陶瓷浆料迅速倒入一定形状的模具中浇铸成型,并真空脱气,除去浆料中的气泡,然后把样品置于在室温下干燥48h后得到陶瓷生坯;
(4)将陶瓷生坯烧结,冷却,以1℃/min的速率缓慢升温至300℃,然后以2℃/min,升温至800℃,5℃/min升至1500℃保温4小时烧结,然后随炉冷却,即得莫来石多孔陶瓷。
烧结助剂,按照重量份计,包括35份生滑石、55份长石、1份氧化铈、4份白炭黑。
改性蛋白土的制备方法为称取一定量蛋白土600℃焙烧2h后,按照液固比为3∶1加入浓度为40%硫酸,搅拌均匀,100℃,反应2h,然后用水冲洗至无硫酸,干燥。
实施例3
一种蛋白土制备莫来石多孔陶瓷的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照改性蛋白土、氢氧化铝、ρ-氧化铝和烧结助剂重量比为3:4:1:0.1,将原料放入玛瑙球磨罐中,用行星球磨机以300rpm球磨3h,得到混合均匀的粉料;
(2)将均匀粉料与水混合,配制成固含量为55%的陶瓷浆料;
(3)将把制备好的陶瓷浆料迅速倒入一定形状的模具中浇铸成型,并真空脱气,除去浆料中的气泡,然后把样品置于在室温下干燥48h后得到陶瓷生坯;
(4)将陶瓷生坯烧结,冷却,以1℃/min的速率缓慢升温至300℃,然后以2℃/min,升温至800℃,5℃/min升至1500℃保温4小时烧结,然后随炉冷却,即得莫来石多孔陶瓷。
烧结助剂,按照重量份计,包括40份生滑石、50份长石、1份氧化铈、3份白炭黑。
改性蛋白土的制备方法为称取一定量蛋白土600℃焙烧2h后,按照液固比为3∶1加入浓度为40%硫酸,搅拌均匀,100℃,反应2h,然后用水冲洗至无硫酸,干燥。
对比例1
与实施例1基本相同,不同点在于:不使用烧结助剂,原料采用按照改性蛋白土、氢氧化铝、ρ-氧化铝重量比为3:4:1.1。
测定实施例1-3和对比例1的性能,具体见下表。
开气孔率/% | 抗弯强度/(MPa) | |
实施例1 | 83.2 | 47.2 |
实施例2 | 82.6 | 47.8 |
实施例3 | 83.1 | 47.4 |
对比例1 | 83.5 | 35.2 |
注:折弯强度测试样为50mm×7mm×6mm的矩形条。
由上表可知,本发明的莫来石多孔陶瓷开气孔率高、抗弯强度高,相比不添加了烧结助剂的对比例1,抗弯强度提高了34%。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种蛋白土制备莫来石多孔陶瓷的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照改性蛋白土、氢氧化铝、ρ-氧化铝和烧结助剂重量比为3:4:1:0.1,将原料放入玛瑙球磨罐中,用行星球磨机以300rpm球磨3h,得到混合均匀的粉料;
(2)将粉料加水,配制成固含量为55%的陶瓷浆料;
(3)将把制备好的陶瓷浆料迅速倒入一定形状的模具中浇铸成型,并真空脱气,除去浆料中的气泡,然后把样品置于在室温下干燥48h后得到陶瓷生坯;
(4)将陶瓷生坯烧结,冷却,即得莫来石多孔陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种蛋白土制备莫来石多孔陶瓷的方法,其特征在于:所述的烧结助剂,按照重量份计,包括30-40份生滑石、50-60份长石、1份氧化铈、3-5份白炭黑。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种蛋白土制备莫来石多孔陶瓷的方法,其特征在于:
所述的改性蛋白土的制备方法为称取一定量蛋白土600℃焙烧2h后,按照液固比为 3∶1加入浓度为 40%硫酸,搅拌均匀,100℃,反应2h,然后用水冲洗至无硫酸,干燥。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种蛋白土制备莫来石多孔陶瓷的方法,其特征在于:所述的烧结为:以1℃/min 的速率缓慢升温至 300℃,然后以2℃/min,升温至800℃, 5℃ /min升至 1500℃保温4小时烧结,然后随炉冷却。
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