CN108967692A - 一种无抗生素乳猪教槽料及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种无抗生素乳猪教槽料及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108967692A CN108967692A CN201810680622.1A CN201810680622A CN108967692A CN 108967692 A CN108967692 A CN 108967692A CN 201810680622 A CN201810680622 A CN 201810680622A CN 108967692 A CN108967692 A CN 108967692A
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- piglet preweaning
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种无抗生素乳猪教槽料及制备方法，属于饲料领域，包括以下成分：易消化谷物、糊精、脂肪粉、血浆蛋白粉、进口蒸汽鱼粉、牛乳粉、肽类蛋白、膨化大豆、糖、低蛋白乳清粉、维生素复合预混料、涂层包衣微量元素复合预混料、天然抗菌抗病毒复合物、氨基酸、磷酸二氢钙、甲酸钙、乳香、甜味剂、氯化胆碱、氯化钠、谷氨酰胺二肽、天然抗氧化剂。本发明结合可消化、易吸收、低抗原、健肠胃的原料，采用熟化和微粉加工方法，以天然抗菌抗病毒成分为核心，制备不含有饲用抗生素、低微量元素含量的乳猪教槽料，该乳猪教槽料能促进乳猪采食、提高增重、防止腹泻、防病抗病、降低断奶应激且无抗、绿色、安全。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饲料技术领域，特别涉及一种无抗生素乳猪教槽料及制备方法。
背景技术
饲用抗生素具有显著的防病、促生长功效，对畜禽养殖业的快速发展起到巨大推动作用；但饲用抗生素一直存在大量、超量和长时间使用的问题，可使动物机体产生大量耐药菌株，不仅加大治疗难度，畜产品抗生素也残留和超标，会影响人体免疫力，能致畸、致癌、致突变，对畜牧业的可持续发展和人类健康构成潜在的安全风险。
早在2006年，欧盟已全面禁用饲用抗生素。我国也开始逐步限制饲料中抗生素的添加种类及使用量，农业部2018年1月11日发布第2638号公告，自2018年5月1日起，停止生产喹乙醇、氨苯胂酸、洛克沙胂等3种兽药的原料药及各种制剂。
乳猪自7日龄至断奶后2周饲喂的配合饲料为教槽料。此期，乳猪消化生理机能较弱；主动免疫尚未完全建立，抗病力差；尤其在断奶期间，易发生应激、掉膘、腹泻等断奶应激综合症。因此，对无抗生素乳猪教槽料的技术研究十分关键。
目前，有关乳猪教槽料的发明和研究表明，教槽料中的能量饲料原料主要是部分膨化谷物或膨胀谷物，熟化度不高；缺少或没有小分子碳水化合物，乳猪仍不能较好地消化吸收，会导致营养性消化不良、腹泻和继发病。
有关乳猪教槽料的发明和研究表明，教槽料中蛋白质饲料原料还在添加抗原较高的豆粕；或使用酸溶蛋白小于1％的普通发酵豆粕，小肽含量低，抗原降解也较少，使抗原引起的过敏性腹泻等疾病发生率增加。
有关乳猪教槽料的发明和研究表明，教槽料中使用普通无机微量元素和/ 或部分有机微量元素，并且添加剂量较大，微量元素及其所含的铅、镉、汞等重金属对胃黏膜直接产生刺激和饰伤危害，易引起胃溃疡、肠黏膜上皮发育受阻和重金属慢性中毒等症状。
有关无抗生素乳猪教槽料的发明和研究表明，教槽料中多采用抗菌肽、中草药或发酵中草药等以防病抗病，但抗菌肽的功效并不显著，还不具备完全替代饲用抗生素的功效。中草药味苦，需要大量添加，会影响乳猪的适口性，并且不同中草药配伍及活性成分的有效性也有较大差异。
蜂胶具有很强的抗菌抗病毒作用，已鉴定出至少含有300多种天然成分，包括酚酸类、黄酮类、异黄酮类，可对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、猪细小病毒等112种有害菌和病毒进行高效抑杀，但在教槽料中作为主要抗菌抗病毒成分、以及如何发挥蜂胶功效快速发挥的配套方案尚未见。发酵中草药虽然解决了适口性问题，但仅仅厌氧发酵难以降解中草药原料的坚硬细胞壁，细胞内容物中活性成分的释放也受阻，尚不能达到较好的防病效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述问题提供一种无抗生素乳猪教槽料。
本发明的另一目的是提供上述无抗生素乳猪教槽料的制备方法。
本发明的目的是通过以下方案实现的：
一种无抗生素乳猪教槽料，该乳猪教槽料包括以下重量份的组分：
易消化谷物350-600份、脂肪粉15-35份、低蛋白乳清粉40-90份、蛋白物质160-330份、膨化大豆55-120份、糖40-80份、维生素复合预混料0.4- 0.5份、涂层包衣微量元素复合预混料1.5-2.5份、天然抗菌抗病毒复合物 4.0-10份、氨基酸3.0-8.0份、磷酸二氢钙7.0-12份、甲酸钙5.0-10份、乳香 0.3-0.8份、甜味剂0.3-0.6份、氯化胆碱0.8-1.2份、氯化钠0.1-0.5份、谷氨酰胺二肽0.4-0.8份、天然抗氧化剂0.5-1.0份。
上述蛋白物质的组成具体为：血浆蛋白粉20-40份、蒸汽鱼粉30-50 份、牛乳粉80-170份、肽类蛋白30-70份；优选肽类蛋白为发酵豆粕，发酵豆粕中的酸溶蛋白达到2.0％以上。
上述易消化谷物包括熟化后玉米和大米的混合物和糊精，混合物和糊精两者的重量比例为：275-450：75-150；其中，熟化后的玉米和大米混合物的α-淀粉糊化度达到75％。
所述的熟化后的玉米和大米混合物是通过以下方法制备得到的：
先将重量比例为175-275:100-175的玉米和大米分别粉碎通过1.0mm 筛，混合，在三层带夹套的加长调制器中100℃保温调制15-30min，使玉米、大米混合物的α-淀粉糊化度达到75％；通过压缩比为1：4、环模膜孔直径为3.0mm的制粒机制备成颗粒；冷却至室温，再粉碎。
所述脂肪粉为50％含量的椰子油粉。
所述糖为单糖葡萄糖和/或双糖中的一种或两种，优选为蔗糖。
所述维生素复合预混料由以下重量份的原料配制而成：维生素A乙酸酯 (50万IU/g)40-60份、维生素D3(50万IU/g)10-14份、维生素E(有效物质含量50％)200-300份、亚硫酸氢钠甲萘醌(有效物质含量50％)7.5-15 份、盐酸硫胺素(含量98％)6.0-8.0份、核黄素(含量80％)17-25份、盐酸吡哆醇(含量98％)7.5-10份、维生素B12(含量1％)6.5-10份、D-泛酸钙(含量92％)45-60份、烟酰胺(含量99％)75-90份、叶酸(含量98％) 3.5-5.0份、D-生物酸(含量2％)16-25份、乙氧基喹啉(含量30％)1.0 份、稻壳粉565-377份。
所述涂层包衣微量元素复合预混料由以下重量份的原料配制而成：一水硫酸亚铁170-250份、五水硫酸铜40-80份、一水硫酸锌120-140份、一水硫酸锰40-50份、一水亚硒酸钠(1％硒)15-20份、碘酸钙(1％碘)15-25 份、六水氯化钴(1％钴)10-25份、硬脂酸镁15-30份、土豆淀粉250-350 份、聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅲ15-30份、矿物油5.0-7.0份、沸石粉310-0份。
涂层包衣微量元素复合预混料的制备方法如下：将多种微量元素混合2-3 min；将矿物油以细滴状喷洒至上述混合后的微量元素预混料中，然后混合 2-3min；再将硬脂酸镁、土豆淀粉、聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅲ、沸石粉加入喷油后的物料中，混合3-5min。优选方法如下：将一水硫酸亚铁、五水硫酸铜、一水硫酸锌、一水硫酸锰、一水亚硒酸钠、碘酸钙、六水氯化钴在双轴桨叶混合机中混合2-3min；通过混合机喷油管的6个喷油孔将矿物油以细滴状喷洒至上述混合后的微量元素预混料中，然后混合2-3min；再将硬脂酸镁、土豆淀粉、聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅲ、沸石粉加入喷油后的物料中，混合3-5min，得到成品。
所述天然抗菌抗病毒复合物主要由肠道收敛剂46-63份、蜂胶3.0-5.0 份、肉桂醛3.0-5.0份、酶与微生物双降解中草药6.0-10份配制而成；优选肠道收敛剂为纳米氧化锌13-18份、包被单宁酸8.0-10份、蒙脱石25-35份。
其中，所述包被单宁酸制备方法如下：(1)将单宁酸40-80份、含99％糊精的β-环糊精10-30份、微晶纤维素10-30份混合均匀。(2)在上述混合粉末中，添加10-20份水，搅拌均匀；在一步制粒机中制成干燥单宁酸颗粒，制粒机进风温度调节为50-60℃。(3)在94份干燥单宁酸颗粒外喷涂 3％浓度聚丙烯酸Ⅱ95％乙醇溶液6份。(4)在流化床上干燥得到包膜肠溶性单宁酸成品，流化床的进风温度不高于80℃。其中，所述酶与微生物双降解中草药制备方法如下：(1)将干燥金银花8份、山楂1份、川芎1份混匀，在普通粉碎机进行粉碎，过10目筛。(2)加入水使含量为60-70％，搅拌5-10min；再加入复合纤维素酶至终浓度为20-50U/L，20-35℃酶解12-24 h，得酶解混合物，其中，复合纤维素酶由3份纤维素酶(20000U/g)、1份半纤维素酶(10000U/g)、1份果胶酶(10000U/g)复配组成。(3)各按 0.1％添加量接种植物乳杆菌(2×109cfu/g)、枯草芽孢杆菌(2×1010cfu/g)，并添加2-5％红糖，混匀。(4)装入带有呼吸阀的厌氧发酵袋中，25-40℃条件下厌氧发酵5-10d。(5)60℃以下低温烘至终水分10-15％。
所述的低蛋白乳清粉优选乳糖含量75％-80％，粗蛋白含量3％。
所述氨基酸为赖氨酸盐酸盐(78％)、DL-蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸的一种或几种。
所述甜味剂是含糖精钠≥60％的复合甜味剂。
所述天然抗氧化剂为茶多酚。
所述无抗生素乳猪教槽料的制备方法包括以下步骤：将通过1.0mm筛孔的各种原料混合4-8min。
优选如下步骤：将粒度大于1.0mm的蒸汽鱼粉、糖，用筛孔1.0mm的粉碎机粉碎；再将其与熟化一级玉米、熟化大米、糊精、脂肪粉、血浆蛋白粉、牛乳粉、发酵豆粕、膨化大豆、糖、低蛋白乳清粉、维生素复合预混料、涂层包衣微量元素复合预混料、天然抗菌抗病毒复合物、氨基酸、磷酸二氢钙、甲酸钙、乳香、甜味剂、氯化胆碱、氯化钠、谷氨酰胺二肽、茶多酚等原料投入双轴桨叶式混合机中，其中小于2％比例的原料需自混合机上投料口手工投料；混合4-8min后即得成品。
所述教槽料成品为粉料，粒度≤1.0mm。
本发明制得的无抗生素乳猪教槽料主要常规养分及氨基酸含量为：消化能(DE)3450-3580kcal/kg、粗蛋白(CP)16.5-18.5％、粗灰分(CA)5.2- 5.8％、粗纤维(CF)1.6-1.7％、粗脂肪(EE)3.5-4.5％、钙(Ca)0.6- 0.7％、总磷(TP)0.6-0.7％、NaCl 0.5-0.7％、赖氨酸(Lys)1.3-1.5％、总含硫氨基酸(TSAA)0.7-0.9％、苏氨酸(Thr)0.8-1.0％、色氨酸(Trp)0.2- 0.3％。
本发明制得的无抗生素教槽料的使用方法是：自乳猪出生7d至断奶后2 周或体重15kg，直接饲喂干粉料，无需添加其它成分。也可湿喂，将本产品与水按照1:3-4的重量比混合2-4min后即可投放。
本发明结合乳猪生理特点，将全部大分子碳水化合物玉米、大米作高熟化处理，并补以小分子碳水化合物糊精及乳清粉等，作为主要能量来源，同时选择与母乳相似成分的牛乳粉、血浆蛋白粉以及酸溶蛋白高的发酵豆粕作为主要蛋白质来源，使本发明乳猪教槽料中的碳水化合物和蛋白质较市场上所用教槽料更易消化、更好吸收，大大降低消化不良引起的营养性腹泻。
设计低添加量的涂层包衣微量元素，减少微量元素及其所含的重金属对胃肠黏膜的损伤，较其它教槽料更能护胃健肠、降低金属毒性。
在减少肠道收敛剂单宁酸对胃刺激和适口性差的基础上，研制以蜂胶为主、辅以肉桂醛、酶和微生物双降解中草药的抗菌抗病毒复合物，首先用纤维素酶破壁中草药细胞壁，释放其中的活性抗菌抗病毒成分；再进行厌氧发酵以减轻中草药的苦味和增加药效；然后通过金银花的清热解毒、山楂的增酸消食作用，尤其是通过川芎的活血行气将抗菌抗病毒的蜂胶快速带入靶组织，发挥叠加作用以抗菌抗病毒，使替代教槽料中的饲用抗生素呈现明显功效。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
(1)本发明将大分子碳水化合物玉米和大米在三层加长调制器中在温度100℃、调质时间15-30min条件下，α-淀粉糊化度达75％，熟化度高，易消化，好吸收，不易引起乳猪的营养性腹泻。
(2)糊精通常难以加入教槽料中，本发明添加小分子糊精作为易消化谷物中能量饲料原料之一，无需更多的淀粉酶降解，使得消化吸收率高。
(3)现有的市场上教槽料中的发酵豆粕酸溶蛋白常<1％，并添加有抗原含量高的去皮豆粕，不易吸收。本发明优选血浆蛋白粉、牛奶粉、一级蒸汽鱼粉等动物蛋白复合物，且混合酸溶蛋白≥2％的发酵豆粕，抗原低，蛋白质消化吸收率高，乳猪不易发生由抗原所致的过敏性腹泻。
(4)本发明设计低添加量的涂层包衣微量元素复合预混料，易吸水膨胀的有机大分子土豆淀粉、聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅲ通过矿物油和分散剂较为紧密地包在微量元素外表面，有效减少微量元素及其所含重金属与胃黏膜的直接接触，护胃健肠、降低金属毒性，减少乳猪胃溃疡等疾病的发生。
(5)本发明在使用肠道收敛剂时，不仅添加常用的氧化锌、蒙脱石，还采用单宁酸，进行三种收敛剂的合理配伍，并对单宁酸进行包被，既能防止乳猪腹泻，又避免了单宁酸适口性差和对胃黏膜刺激的弊端。
(6)本发明研制了以蜂胶为主、辅以肉桂醛、酶和微生物双降解中草药的复合成分，蜂胶能产生抑杀细菌、病毒的110多种天然活性成分；肉桂醛具有抗菌肽的作用；中草药先经纤维素酶对细胞壁进行破壁，再经发酵，可释放出细胞内的抗菌等活性物质，发酵后的中草药苦味也大为减轻，功效增强。通过金银花的清热解毒、山楂的增酸消食，尤其是中草药川芎的行气活血作用，将蜂胶中的天然活性成分及肉桂醛快速带入器官组织，叠加发挥以蜂胶为主的抗菌抗病毒作用，预防乳猪疾病的功效显著。
(7)本发明根据乳猪消化生理、营养生理、免疫生理特点研制的教槽料，通过易消化、好吸收、低微量元素毒性及天然高效抗菌抗病毒的叠加作用，不含饲用抗生素而具有类似抗生素效果，无抗、高效、绿色、安全，为生产无抗生素猪肉打下关键基础。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种无抗生素乳猪教槽料，由以下重量份的原料组成：一级玉米204 份、大米125份、糊精75份、脂肪粉30份、血浆蛋白粉35份、一级进口蒸汽鱼粉50份、牛乳粉150份、肽类蛋白45份、膨化大豆100份、蔗糖35 份、葡萄糖35份、低蛋白乳清粉80份、维生素复合预混料0.5份、涂层包衣微量元素复合预混料2.2份、天然抗菌抗病毒复合物7.8份、赖氨酸盐酸盐2.2份、DL-蛋氨酸1.3份、苏氨酸1.3份、色氨酸0.1份、磷酸二氢钙8.0份份、甲酸钙8.0份份、乳香0.6份、甜味剂0.4份、氯化胆碱1.0份、氯化钠 1.0份、谷氨酰胺二肽0.8份、茶多酚0.8份。
所述熟化后玉米和大米的混合物的加工方法如下：先将玉米、大米通过 1.0mm筛片的锤片式粉碎机分别粉碎；双轴桨叶式混合机混合；在三层带夹套的加长调制器中100℃保温调制30min，使玉米、大米混合物的α-淀粉糊化度达到75％；通过压缩比为1:4、环模膜孔直径为3.0mm的制粒机制备成颗粒；冷却至室温；再粉碎成1.0mm成品。
脂肪粉为椰子油粉(总脂肪含量50％)。
肽类蛋白为发酵豆粕，其中酸溶蛋白≥2.0％。
维生素复合预混料由以下重量份的原料配制而成：维生素A乙酸酯(50 万IU/g)60份、维生素D3(50万IU/g)(河南兴源化工产品有限公司)14 份、维生素E 300份、亚硫酸氢钠甲萘醌15份、盐酸硫胺素8.0份、核黄素 25份、盐酸吡哆醇10份、维生素B12(1％)10份、D-泛酸钙60份、烟酰胺90份、叶酸5.0份、D-生物酸25份、乙氧基喹啉1.0份、稻壳粉377份。
所述涂层包衣微量元素复合预混料由以下重量份的原料配制而成：一水硫酸亚铁250份、五水硫酸铜80份、一水硫酸锌140份、一水硫酸锰50 份、一水亚硒酸钠(1％硒)20份、碘酸钙(1％碘)25份、六水氯化钴(1％钴)25份、硬脂酸镁30份、土豆淀粉330份、聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅲ30份、矿物油7.0份、沸石粉13份。涂层包衣微量元素复合预混料的制备方法如下：将各种微量元素(一水硫酸亚铁、五水硫酸铜、一水硫酸锌、一水硫酸锰、一水亚硒酸钠(1％硒)、碘酸钙(1％碘)、六水氯化钴(1％钴))在双轴桨叶混合机中混合3min；通过混合机喷油管的6个喷油孔将矿物油以细滴状喷洒至上述混合后的微量元素预混料中，然后混合3min；再将硬脂酸镁、土豆淀粉、聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅲ、沸石粉加入喷油后的物料中，混合5min，得到成品。
所述天然抗菌抗病毒复合物由以下重量份的原料配制而成：纳米氧化锌 18份、包被单宁酸10份、蒙脱石30份、蜂胶5.0份、肉桂醛5.0份、酶与微生物双降解中草药10份。其中，所述包被单宁酸制备方法如下：(1)将单宁酸80份、含99％糊精的β-环糊精30份、微晶纤维素30份混合均匀。 (2)在上述混合粉末中，添加20份水，搅拌均匀；在一步制粒机中制成干燥单宁酸颗粒，制粒机进风温度调节为50℃。(3)在94份干燥单宁酸颗粒外喷涂3％浓度聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅱ95％乙醇溶液6份。(4)在流化床上干燥得到包膜肠溶性单宁酸成品，流化床的进风温度不高于80℃。其中，所述酶与微生物双降解中草药制备方法如下：(1)将干燥金银花8份、山楂1份、川芎1份混匀，在普通粉碎机进行粉碎，过10目筛。(2)加入水使含量为70％，搅拌5min；再加入复合纤维素酶至终浓度为50U/L，35℃酶解12h，得酶解混合物，其中，复合纤维素酶由3份纤维素酶(20000U/g)、1份半纤维素酶(10000U/g)、1份果胶酶(10000U/g)复配组成。(3)各按 0.1％添加量接种植物乳杆菌(2×109cfu/g)、枯草芽孢杆菌(2×1010cfu/g)，并添加5％红糖，混匀。(4)装入带有呼吸阀的厌氧发酵袋中，35℃条件下厌氧发酵8d。(5)采用60℃以下温度低温烘干，至终水分14％，得到成品。
所述甜味剂是含糖精钠≥60％的复合甜味剂。
所述无抗生素乳猪教槽料的制备方法包括以下步骤：将一级进口蒸汽鱼粉(秘鲁蒸汽鱼粉)、蔗糖，用筛孔1.0mm的粉碎机粉碎；再将其与其它原料投入双轴桨叶式混合机中，其中小于2％比例的原料需自混合机上投料口手工投料；混合8min后即得成品。
实施例2
本实施例提供的无抗生素乳猪教槽料，由以下重量份的原料组成：一级玉米230份、大米150份、糊精100份、脂肪粉25份、血浆蛋白粉30份、一级进口蒸汽鱼粉50份、牛乳粉125份、肽类蛋白50份、膨化大豆75份、葡萄糖30份、蔗糖30份、低蛋白乳清粉70份、维生素复合预混料0.5份、涂层包衣微量元素复合预混料2.0份、天然抗菌抗病毒复合物6.5份、赖氨酸盐酸盐2.6份、DL-蛋氨酸1.4份、苏氨酸1.5份、色氨酸0.2份、磷酸二氢钙8.0份、甲酸钙8.0份、乳香0.5份、甜味剂0.5份、氯化胆碱1.0份、氯化钠1.0份、谷氨酰胺二肽0.5份、茶多酚0.8份。
所述熟化一级玉米和熟化大米的加工方法如下：先将玉米、大米通过 1.0mm筛片的锤片式粉碎机粉碎；双轴桨叶式混合机混合；在三层带夹套的加长调制器中100℃保温25min，使玉米、大米混合物的α-淀粉糊化度达到 75％；通过压缩比为1：4、环模膜孔直径为3.0mm的制粒机制备成颗粒；冷却至室温；再粉碎成1.0mm成品。
所述脂肪粉为50％含量的椰子油粉。
所述肽类蛋白为发酵豆粕，要求其中酸溶蛋白≥2.0％。
所述维生素复合预混料由以下重量份的原料配制而成：维生素A乙酸酯 (50万IU/g)50份、维生素D3 13份、维生素E 260份、亚硫酸氢钠甲萘醌 11份、盐酸硫胺素7.5份、核黄素22份、盐酸吡哆醇8.5份、维生素B12 (1％)9.0份、D-泛酸钙55份、烟酰胺85份、叶酸4.5份、D-生物酸22 份、乙氧基喹啉1.0份、稻壳粉451.5份。
所述涂层包衣微量元素复合预混料由以下重量份的原料配制而成：一水硫酸亚铁200份、五水硫酸铜60份、一水硫酸锌130份、一水硫酸锰45 份、一水亚硒酸钠(1％硒)15份、碘酸钙(1％碘)15份、六水氯化钴(1％钴)20份、硬脂酸镁20份、土豆淀粉300份、聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅲ20份、矿物油6.0份、沸石粉169份。涂层包衣微量元素复合预混料的制备方法如下：将各种微量元素在双轴桨叶混合机中混合2.5min；通过混合机喷油管的6个喷油孔将矿物油以细滴状喷洒至上述混合后的微量元素预混料中，然后混合 2.5min；再将硬脂酸镁、土豆淀粉、聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅲ、沸石粉加入喷油后的物料中，混合4min，得到成品。
所述天然抗菌抗病毒复合物由以下重量份的原料配制而成：纳米氧化锌 15份、包被单宁酸9.0份、蒙脱石25份、蜂胶4.0份、肉桂醛4.0份、酶与微生物双降解中草药8.0份。其中，所述包被单宁酸制备方法如下：(1)将单宁酸60份、含99％糊精的β-环糊精20份、微晶纤维素20份混合均匀。 (2)在上述混合粉末中，添加15份水，搅拌均匀；在一步制粒机中制成干燥单宁酸颗粒，制粒机进风温度调节为55℃。(3)在94份干燥单宁酸颗粒外喷涂3％浓度聚丙烯酸Ⅱ95％乙醇溶液6份。(4)在流化床上干燥得到包膜肠溶性单宁酸成品，流化床的进风温度不高于80℃。其中，所述酶与微生物双降解中草药制备方法如下：(1)将干燥金银花8份、山楂1份、川芎1 份混匀，在普通粉碎机进行粉碎，过10目筛。(2)加入水使含量为65％，搅拌7min；再加入复合纤维素酶至终浓度为40U/L，30℃酶解15h，得酶解混合物，其中，复合纤维素酶由3份纤维素酶(20000U/g)、1份半纤维素酶(10000U/g)、1份果胶酶(10000U/g)复配组成。(3)各按0.1％添加量接种植物乳杆菌(2×109cfu/g)、枯草芽孢杆菌(2×1010cfu/g)，并添加 4％红糖，混匀。(4)装入带有呼吸阀的厌氧发酵袋中，35℃条件下厌氧发酵8d。(5)采用60℃以下温度低温烘干，至终水分13％，得到成品。
所述甜味剂是含糖精钠≥60％的复合甜味剂。
所述无抗生素乳猪教槽料的制备方法包括以下步骤：将一级进口蒸汽鱼粉、蔗糖，用筛孔1.0mm的粉碎机粉碎；再将其与其它原料投入双轴桨叶式混合机中，其中小于2％比例的原料需自混合机上投料口手工投料；混合6 min后即得成品。
实时例3
一种无抗生素乳猪教槽料，由以下重量份的原料组成：一级玉米263 份、大米160份、糊精120份、脂肪粉20份、血浆蛋白粉25份、一级进口蒸汽鱼粉40份、牛乳粉100份、肽类蛋白55份、膨化大豆80份、葡萄糖 25份、蔗糖25份、低蛋白乳清粉50份、维生素复合预混料0.4份、涂层包衣微量元素复合预混料1.8份、天然抗菌抗病毒复合物6.8份、赖氨酸盐酸盐3.0份、DL-蛋氨酸1.3份、苏氨酸1.6份、色氨酸0.2份、磷酸二氢钙10 份、甲酸钙7.0份、乳香0.4份、甜味剂0.6份、氯化胆碱1.0份、氯化钠1.7 份、谷氨酰胺二肽0.4份、茶多酚0.8份。
所述熟化后的玉米和大米混合物的加工方法如下：先将玉米、大米通过 1.0mm筛片的锤片式粉碎机粉碎；双轴桨叶式混合机混合；在三层带夹套的加长调制器中100℃保温20min，使玉米、大米混合物的α-淀粉糊化度达到 75％；通过压缩比为1：4、环模膜孔直径为3.0mm的制粒机制备成颗粒；冷却至室温；再粉碎成1.0mm成品。
所述脂肪粉为50％含量的椰子油粉。
所述肽类蛋白为发酵豆粕，要求其中酸溶蛋白≥2.0％。
所述维生素复合预混料由以下重量份的原料配制而成：维生素A乙酸酯 (50万IU/g)40份、维生素D3 10份、维生素E 200份、亚硫酸氢钠甲萘醌 7.5份、盐酸硫胺素6.0份、核黄素17份、盐酸吡哆醇7.5份、维生素B12 (1％)6.5份、D-泛酸钙45份、烟酰胺75份、叶酸3.5份、D-生物酸16 份、乙氧基喹啉1.0份、稻壳粉565份。
所述涂层包衣微量元素复合预混料由以下重量份的原料配制而成：一水硫酸亚铁170份、五水硫酸铜40份、一水硫酸锌120份、一水硫酸锰40 份、一水亚硒酸钠(1％硒)15份、碘酸钙(1％碘)15份、六水氯化钴(1％钴)10份、硬脂酸镁15份、土豆淀粉250份、聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅲ15份、矿物油5.0份、沸石粉305份。涂层包衣微量元素复合预混料的制备方法如下：将g各种微量元素在双轴桨叶混合机中混合2min；通过混合机喷油管的6个喷油孔将矿物油以细滴状喷洒至上述混合后的微量元素预混料中，然后混合 2min；再将硬脂酸镁、土豆淀粉、聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅲ、沸石粉加入喷油后的物料中，混合4min，得到成品。
所述天然抗菌抗病毒复合物由以下重量份的原料配制而成：纳米氧化锌 13份、包被单宁酸8.0份、蒙脱石35份、蜂胶3.0份、肉桂醛3.0份、酶与微生物双降解中草药6.0份。其中，所述包被单宁酸制备方法如下：(1)将单宁酸50份、含99％糊精的β-环糊精10份、微晶纤维素15份混合均匀。 (2)在上述混合粉末中，添加10份水，搅拌均匀；在一步制粒机中制成干燥单宁酸颗粒，制粒机进风温度调节为60℃。(3)在94份干燥单宁酸颗粒外喷涂3％浓度聚丙烯酸Ⅱ95％乙醇溶液6份。(4)在流化床上干燥得到包膜肠溶性单宁酸成品，流化床的进风温度不高于80℃。其中，所述酶与微生物双降解中草药制备方法如下：(1)将干燥金银花8份、山楂1份、川芎1 份混匀，在普通粉碎机进行粉碎，过10目筛。(2)加入水使含量为60％，搅拌10min；再加入复合纤维素酶至终浓度为30U/L，25℃酶解20h，得酶解混合物，其中，复合纤维素酶由3份纤维素酶(20000U/g)、1份半纤维素酶(10000U/g)、1份果胶酶(10000U/g)复配组成。(3)各按0.1％添加量接种植物乳杆菌(2×109cfu/g)、枯草芽孢杆菌(2×1010cfu/g)，并添加 3％红糖，混匀。(4)装入带有呼吸阀的厌氧发酵袋中，28℃条件下厌氧发酵10d。(5)采用60℃以下温度低温烘干，至终水分12％，得到成品。
所述甜味剂是含糖精钠≥60％的复合甜味剂。
所述无抗生素乳猪教槽料的制备方法包括以下步骤：将一级进口蒸汽鱼粉、蔗糖，用筛孔1.0mm的粉碎机粉碎；再将其与其它原料投入双轴桨叶式混合机中，其中小于2％比例的原料需自混合机上投料口手工投料；混合6 min后即得成品。
效果试验
为验证本发明效果，开展本发明实施例1-3与市场含有抗生素的教槽料的对比试验。
1、试验动物和分组
选择母猪胎次相同、健康、日龄和体重相近的初生乳猪(杜×长×大) 120头，随机分为对照和本实施例1-3共4组，每组3个重复，每重复10 头，每重复为1圈。
2、试验日粮与饲喂
对照组饲喂市售含抗生素教槽粉料，每kg教槽料含金霉素75mg、土霉素钙200mg、喹乙醇100mg。本实施例教槽料无抗生素。
试验分两阶段：第一阶段哺乳教槽期，乳猪从7日龄开始教槽至21日龄断奶，共14天，使乳猪适应与开始采食粉状饲料。因为处于哺乳期，不测定乳猪生产性能指标，仅观察仔猪腹泻和病死情况。第二阶段为21日龄断奶至38日龄，共17天：21日龄断奶时，分别从每组中选择体重相近、健康乳猪96头，原各组、重复组不变，每重复8头；以重复为单位，每天记录乳猪采食量、腹泻率和病死率；21日龄和38日龄对乳猪分别进行空腹称重、皮毛评价；38日龄于前腔静脉采血，测定乳猪血清相关生化指标。各组教槽料营养指标见表1，乳猪皮毛评分标准见表2。
表1乳猪教槽料主要营养指标
表2皮毛外观评分标准
3、数据处理
试验数据采用SPSS 10.0统计软件进行统计，采用GLM模型ANOVA单因素方差分析，差异显著则进行多重比较，显著水平为P<0.05。
4、试验结果
生产性能及腹泻率等见表3。
表3无抗生素教槽料对乳猪生长、皮毛、发病率的影响
注：同一行肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P＜0.05)，下表同。
由表3可知，7-21日龄，与对照组相比，本发明无抗生素教槽料各组乳猪腹泻率、成活率都无显著不同(P>0.05)。21日龄断奶-38日龄，与教槽料含有抗生素的对照组相比，本发明实施例1、2、3组乳猪平均采食量分别提高7.15％、5.43％、9.94％，平均日增重分别提高12.76％、8.38％、7.58％，差异均显著(P<0.05)；各种料重比较为接近。试验结束38日龄，实施例 1、2、3组乳猪皮肤评分值、被毛评分值均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。
乳猪血清生化指标见表4。
表4无抗生素教槽料对乳猪血清生产参数的影响
由表4可知，与对照组相比，本实施例1、2、3组的38日龄乳猪血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶均显著提高(P<0.05)，丙二醛含量不同程度降低；血糖均显著提高(P<0.05)，血清尿素氮不同程度下降。
5、试验结论
与饲喂含有抗生素的常规教槽料相比，饲喂本发明的无抗乳猪教槽料的乳猪成活率与腹泻率有改善趋势，采食量和增重均显著提高，被毛亮泽、柔顺，机体抗氧化、抗应激能力增强，表明替代饲用抗生素效果显著。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种无抗生素乳猪教槽料，其特征在于，该乳猪教槽料包括以下重量份的组分：
易消化谷物350-600份、脂肪粉15-35份、低蛋白乳清粉40-90份、蛋白物质160-330份、膨化大豆55-120份、糖40-80份、维生素复合预混料0.4-0.5份、涂层包衣微量元素复合预混料1.5-2.5份、天然抗菌抗病毒复合物4.0-10份、氨基酸3.0-8.0份、磷酸二氢钙7.0-12份、甲酸钙5.0-10份、乳香0.3-0.8份、甜味剂0.3-0.6份、氯化胆碱0.8-1.2份、氯化钠0.1-0.5份、谷氨酰胺二肽0.4-0.8份、天然抗氧化剂0.5-1.0份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无抗生素乳猪教槽料，其特征在于，所述的蛋白物质为：血浆蛋白粉20-40份、蒸汽鱼粉30-50份、牛乳粉80-170份、肽类蛋白30-70份；优选肽类蛋白为发酵豆粕，发酵豆粕中的酸溶蛋白达到2.0％以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的无抗生素乳猪教槽料，其特征在于，所述易消化谷物包括熟化后玉米和大米的混合物和糊精，混合物和糊精重量比例为：275-450：75-150；其中，熟化后的玉米和大米混合物的α-淀粉糊化度达到75％。
4.根据权利要求3所述的无抗生素乳猪教槽料，其特征在于，所述的熟化后的玉米和大米混合物是通过以下方法制备得到的：先将重量比例为175-275:100-175的玉米和大米分别粉碎能通过1.0mm筛，混合，在三层带夹套的加长调制器中100℃保温调制15-30min，使玉米、大米混合物的α-淀粉糊化度达到75％；通过压缩比为1：4、环模膜孔直径为3.0mm的制粒机制备成颗粒；冷却至室温，再粉碎。
5.根据权利要求1所述的无抗生素乳猪教槽料，其特征在于，所述涂层包衣微量元素复合预混料由以下重量份的原料配制而成：多种微量元素410-590份、硬脂酸镁15-30份、土豆淀粉250-350份、聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅲ15-30份、矿物油5.0-7.0份、沸石粉310-0份；优选多种微量元素为一水硫酸亚铁170-250份、五水硫酸铜40-80份、一水硫酸锌120-140份、一水硫酸锰40-50份、一水亚硒酸钠15-20份、碘酸钙15-25份、六水氯化钴10-25份。
6.根据权利要求5所述的无抗生素乳猪教槽料，其特征在于，所述涂层包衣微量元素复合预混料的制备方法如下：将各种微量元素混合2-3min；将矿物油以细滴状喷洒至上述混合后的微量元素预混料中，然后混合2-3min；再将硬脂酸镁、土豆淀粉、聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅲ、沸石粉加入喷油后的物料中，混合3-5min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的无抗生素乳猪教槽料，其特征在于，所述天然抗菌抗病毒复合物主要由肠道收敛剂46-63份、蜂胶3.0-5.0份、肉桂醛3.0-5.0份、酶与微生物双降解中草药6.0-10份配制而成；优选肠道收敛剂为纳米氧化锌13-18份、包被单宁酸8.0-10份、蒙脱石25-35份。
8.根据权利要求7所述的无抗生素乳猪教槽料，其特征在于，所述包被单宁酸制备方法如下：
(1)将单宁酸40-80份、β-环糊精10-30份、微晶纤维素10-30份混合均匀；(2)在上述混合粉末中，添加10-20份水，搅匀，制单宁酸颗粒，制粒机进风温度调节为50-60℃；(3)每94份干燥单宁酸颗粒喷涂6份3％浓度聚丙烯酸树脂Ⅱ95％乙醇溶液；(4)在流化床上干燥得到包膜肠溶性单宁酸成品，流化床的进风温度不高于80℃。
9.根据权利要求7所述的无抗生素乳猪教槽料，其特征在于，所述酶与微生物双降解中草药制备方法如下：
(1)将干燥金银花8份、山楂1份、川芎1份混匀，粉碎，过筛；
(2)加水使药材含量为60-70％，搅拌5-10min；再加入复合纤维素酶至终浓度为20-50U/L，20-35℃酶解12-24h，得酶解混合物；其中，复合纤维素酶由3份纤维素酶、1份半纤维素酶、1份果胶酶复配组成。
(3)植物乳杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌各按0.1％添加量添加，并添加2-5％红糖，混匀。
(4)25-40℃条件下厌氧发酵5-10d；
(5)60℃以下低温烘至终水分10-15％，得到成品。
10.一种权利要求1所述的无抗生素乳猪教槽料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括以下步骤：将通过1.0mm筛孔的各种原料混合4-8min。
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