CN108949617B - 一种枯草芽孢杆菌及其应用、一种酶制剂 - Google Patents
一种枯草芽孢杆菌及其应用、一种酶制剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种枯草芽孢杆菌,名称为枯草芽孢杆菌HU 528,保藏在广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏日期为2018年4月23日,保藏编号为GDMCC NO:60364。本发明还公开了一种酶制剂,采用所述的枯草芽孢杆菌制备而成。本发明同时公开了上述枯草芽孢杆菌用于制备具有降血压活性的酵母酶解产物。采用本发明的枯草芽孢杆菌HU 528发酵制备的酶制剂具有蛋白酶和β‑葡聚糖酶活性,可用于破坏酵母细胞壁和水解酵母蛋白。本发明获得的酵母酶解产物具有较好的生物活性,经体内外活性测定,该酶解物组分至少具有降血压、抗氧化的活性,可作为高血压患者非药物治疗的食品,可用于有效预防、控制、缓解、辅助治疗高血压。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品生物技术领域,特别涉及一种枯草芽孢杆菌及其应用和一种酶制剂。
背景技术
非药物治疗是治疗和控制高血压的重要手段,以酵母为原料开发的降血压多肽产品有望成为高血压非药物治疗的安全、绿色功能性食品。采用市售的酵母抽提复合酶水解酵母粉,去除糖类和核酸物质后得到的多肽具有ACE抑制活性;进一步应用超滤膜分离和柱层析后获得了具有降血压活性较高的六肽。国外学者Mirzaei采用超声破壁辅助胰蛋白酶水解酵母制备了ACE抑制肽。
由于酵母细胞壁较厚,需要对酵母破壁以释放胞内蛋白质,采用单一蛋白酶水解酵母时,必须采用其它方法(如超声破壁)提取酵母蛋白。酵母抽提复合酶是用于生产酵母抽提物的混合酶,除了含有蛋白酶外,还含有能水解酵母细胞壁的β-葡聚糖酶和将蛋白质或多肽水解成氨基酸的外肽酶,虽然能同时进行酵母破壁和蛋白质水解,但是,外肽酶会将具有活性的多肽进一步水解成氨基酸。此外,不同蛋白酶作用于蛋白质的水解位点不同,水解酵母获得的多肽组成、大小和活性均不同。目前,还未有专用于水解酵母制备降血压活性多肽的酶制剂。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的上述缺点与不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种枯草芽孢杆菌。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种酶制剂。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述枯草芽孢杆菌的应用,用上述枯草芽孢杆菌发酵生产的酶制剂水解食用酵母干粉,制备具有降血压活性的酵母酶解产物。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种枯草芽孢杆菌,名称为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)HU 528,保藏在广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏日期为2018年4月23日,保藏编号为GDMCC NO:60364,保藏地址为广州市先烈中路100号大院59号楼5楼广东省微生物研究所。
一种酶制剂,采用所述的枯草芽孢杆菌制备而成。
所述的酶制剂,其制备过程为:
将枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)HU528斜面菌种接种于LB培养基,接种于已灭菌的液体培养基,在温度为25~45℃,搅拌转速为150~250r/min的条件下发酵培养30~60h后,发酵上清液即为酶制剂。
所述酶制剂的蛋白酶活性为800U/mL~3000U/mL,β-葡聚糖酶活性为0.5 U/mL~3U/mL。
所述的枯草芽孢杆菌的应用,用于制备具有降血压活性的酵母酶解产物。
所述制备具有降血压活性的酵母酶解产物,包括制备所述酶制剂步骤和应用所述的酶制剂水解食用酵母粉两个步骤。
所述的液体培养基的配制方法为:在蒸馏水中加入胰蛋白胨0.5~2%w/w、葡萄糖0.1~1%w/w、CaCl2 0~0.3%w/w、NaCl0.1~0.3%w/w,混合均匀后,调节液体培养基pH为5.0~9.0。
所述酶水解食用酵母粉步骤具体为:
将所述酶制剂与食用酵母干粉混合,得到混合液;调节pH为5.0~9.0,在 40~70℃酶解2~10h,95-105℃下灭酶5-15min,离心,将上清液进行喷雾干燥,得到酵母酶解产物。
所述混合液的配制方法为:在食用酵母粉中按每克酵母粉添加含蛋白酶活性2000~15000U的酶制剂,补充无菌水至食用酵母粉与混合液的料液体积比,为1:5~1:25。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点和有益效果:
(1)采用本发明的枯草芽孢杆菌HU 528发酵制备的酶制剂具有蛋白酶和β-葡聚糖酶活性,可用于破坏酵母细胞壁和水解酵母蛋白。以酪蛋白为底物,所述酶制剂的蛋白酶活性为800U/mL~3000U/mL;以酵母β-葡聚糖为底物,所述酶制剂的β-葡聚糖酶活性为0.5U/mL~3U/mL。
(2)本发明以普通培养基发酵枯草芽孢杆菌胞外生产的酶制剂,不需要经过其它的分离、浓缩、富集或者固定化工艺便可以用于酶解食用酵母粉,酶解工艺过程简单,生产质量稳定,实现了发酵制备酶制剂与酶水解食用酵母粉相互集成。
(3)本发明的酶制剂中含有的β-葡聚糖酶可破坏酵母细胞壁,释放酵母胞内蛋白,所含的蛋白酶则可以水解酵母蛋白,使用一种酶制剂便实现了酵母蛋白提取和水解有机耦合,提高了生物活性酶解产物的生产效率,缩短了工艺流程。
(4)本发明获得的酵母酶解产物具有较好的生物活性,经体内外活性测定,该酶解物组分至少具有降血压、抗氧化的活性,可作为高血压患者非药物治疗的食品,可用于有效预防、控制、缓解、辅助治疗高血压。
附图说明
图1为菌株HU528的菌落图。
图2为菌株HU528的显微照片。
图3为菌株HU528的16S rDNA基因序列。
图4为菌株HU528的16S rDNA基因进化树。
图5为菌株HU528发酵生产的酶制剂分离纯化各步骤收集组分的 SDS-PAGE图谱。
图6为一次灌胃给食(药)酵母酶解产物等对大鼠收缩压的影响(注:n=8,同一时间点,各剂量组与空白对照组相比,*,p<0.05差异显著,**,p<0.01差异显著)。
图7为长期灌胃给食(药)酵母酶解产物等对大鼠收缩压的影响(注:n=8,同一时间点,各剂量组与空白对照组相比,*,p<0.05差异显著,**,p<0.01差异显著)。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明作进一步地详细说明,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
1、菌株HU528的获得与鉴定
从传统的西藏酥油作坊采集土壤,在10g富含蛋白质的土壤样品中加入 100mL无菌水中,28℃下振荡30min制取菌悬液,取菌悬液采用稀释涂布平板法于28℃下在固体培养基(0.4%(w/w,下同)牛肉浸膏,0.6%胰蛋白胨,0.2%酵母提取物,0.5%NaCl,2%琼脂,调节pH 7.0)上培养1-2d。将平板上获得的不同生长性状的单菌落接种至LB培养基(1%胰蛋白胨,0.5%酵母提取物,1% NaCl,调节pH 7.0)培养48h,测定发酵液中蛋白酶活性,获得产蛋白酶菌株,命名为菌株HU528。
将HU528菌株于37℃下在固体平板培养基划线培养24h后,菌落呈白色圆形,表面粗糙褶皱,边缘不整齐(图1)。显微镜观察发现该菌株呈杆状,椭圆形,如图2所示。根据菌落形态初步判定该菌株属于芽孢杆菌属。
为了进一步确定菌株HU 528的物种属性,采用PCR扩增HU528的16S rDNA,扩增引物采用细菌通用引物:上游引物5’ -AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3’;下游引物5’ -GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3’。并测定16S rDNA的碱基序列,部分保守序列如图3所示。
用BLAST程序将图3所示序列与NCBI中已公布细菌的16S rDNA序列进行比对,发现该菌株与枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)序列一致性达99%以上。利用Mega分析软件对菌株HU528进行同源序列比对并绘制进化树,结果如图 4所示(菌株编号为各菌株16SrDNA序列在美国国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI) 数据库中的注册号)。
由图4所见,菌株HU528与Bacillus subtilis strain SCUT09(FN869038.1) 位于并列分支,参照刘波的《芽孢杆菌生物学》,结合HU528的形态特点,进一步确定该菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),并命名为枯草芽孢杆菌 HU528。
2、菌株HU528的发酵培养
将HU528保存于斜面培养基中,4℃保存于冰箱中,上述斜面培养基组成为:0.4%牛肉浸膏(w/v,下同),0.6%胰蛋白胨,0.2%酵母粉,0.5%NaCl,2%琼脂,调节pH7.0。
从斜面接一环菌体至含100mLLB培养基的250mL三角瓶中,37℃条件下,置于180r/min的恒温摇床上培养8h后,获得一级种子。
按下述方法配制液体培养基:在蒸馏水中加入胰蛋白胨1%(w/w,下同)、葡萄糖0.5%、CaCl20.1%、NaCl0.2%,混合均匀后,调节液体培养基pH为7.0。在121℃灭菌20min后,按1.0%(v/v)将上述枯草芽孢杆菌HU528一级种子接种于液体培养基,在温度为37℃,搅拌转速为200r/min的条件下发酵培养60h 后,所得发酵液于4℃、8000r/m离心10min后去除菌体,发酵上清液即为酶制剂。
参照国标GB/T 23527-2009,以酪蛋白为底物测定酶制剂中蛋白酶活性。蛋白酶活单位定义为:在一定温度和反应体系中,稀释一定倍数的1mL样品每分钟水解酪蛋白产生1μg酪氨酸为1个蛋白酶活性单位,每mL酶液的酶活用U/mL表示。经测定,上述酶制剂中蛋白酶活力为3000U/mL。
应用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法,以酵母β-葡聚糖为底物测定粗酶液中β-葡聚糖酶活,具体操作参见文献Journal of Agricultural&Food Chemistry.2008, 56(13):5345;Applied Microbiology&Biotechnology.2006,71(6):898-906。β-葡聚糖酶活单位定义为:在适宜的反应条件下,每min分解β-葡聚糖产生1μmol葡萄糖所需酶蛋白的量定义为1个酶活单位,每mL酶液的酶活力表示为U/mL。经测定,上述酶制剂中β-葡聚糖酶活力为1.5U/mL。
3、蛋白酶的分离纯化与鉴定
按下述方法配制液体培养基:在蒸馏水中加入胰蛋白胨0.5%(w/w,下同)、葡萄糖1%、NaCl 0.3%,混合均匀后,调节液体培养基pH为8.0。在121℃灭菌20min后,按1.0%(v/v)将枯草芽孢杆菌HU528一级种子接种于液体培养基,在温度为45℃,搅拌转速为250r/min的条件下发酵培养30h后,所得发酵液于4℃、8000r/m离心10min后去除菌体,发酵上清液即为酶制剂。酶制剂中蛋白酶活力为1200U/mL,β-葡聚糖酶活力为0.5U/mL。
于0℃下向粗酶液中加入硫酸铵至浓度达到其饱和溶液摩尔浓度的60%,4℃静置12h后,在4℃、10000r/min离心15min取沉淀,用磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH6.0) 溶解沉淀,在4℃、10000r/min离心15min,回收上清液。
上述步骤盐析后所得上清液经透析除盐,上样至预先用pH 6.0、20mM磷酸盐缓冲液平衡好的阳离子交换层析柱MonoSTM 5/50GL,用含1mol/LNaCl磷酸盐缓冲液进行梯度洗脱,流速为1mL/min,分部收集并合并具有蛋白酶活性的组分。
芽孢杆菌HU528蛋白酶发酵液经过硫酸铵盐析、MonoSTM 5/50GL阳离子交换层析两步分离纯化,收集各个步骤的蛋白酶液,进行十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析,以酪蛋白为底物测定蛋白酶活性,用考马斯亮蓝法测定蛋白质含量。
各步骤SDS-PAGE如图5所示,可以看出,粗酶液中的杂蛋白很多,经过盐析和阳离子交换层析分离后,目的蛋白酶在SDS-PAGE凝胶上显示为单一条带,说明该蛋白酶的纯度已达到电泳纯。取电泳纯蛋白酶,采用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱进行,表明该蛋白酶为与来源于枯草芽孢杆菌群的胞外中性金属蛋白酶(NCBI数据库登录号:WP_014470445.1)匹配度最高。
经计算,酶制剂经硫酸铵盐析、阳离子交换层析两步分离纯化后,蛋白酶纯化了10.65倍,酶活回收率为25.18%。
实施例2
按下述方法配制液体培养基:在蒸馏水中加入胰蛋白胨2%(w/w,下同)、葡萄糖0.1%、CaCl20.2%、NaCl 0.1%,混合均匀后,调节液体培养基pH为5.0。在121℃灭菌20min后,按1.0%(v/v)将枯草芽孢杆菌HU528一级种子接种于液体培养基,在温度为30℃,搅拌转速为150r/min的条件下发酵培养45h后,所得发酵液于4℃、8000r/m离心10min后去除菌体,发酵上清液即为酶制剂。酶制剂中蛋白酶活力为800U/mL,β-葡聚糖酶活力为2.0U/mL。
在食用酵母粉中按每克酵母粉添加含蛋白酶活性2000U的上述酶制剂 (2.5mL酶制剂/g干酵母),补充无菌水至食用酵母粉与混合液体积比(料液比, w/v)为1:5。调节混合液的pH为7.0。在55℃酶解反应10h后,100℃下灭酶 10min,离心取上清,将上清液进行喷雾干燥,得到酵母酶解产物。喷雾干燥的条件为进风温度130℃,出风温度为55℃,进料流量为8mL/min。
采用双缩脲试剂法、硫酸苯酚法和定磷法分别测定酵母酶解产物中多肽、总糖和核酸含量,酶解产物中多肽含量为77.52%(w/w),总糖含量为16.84% (w/w),核酸含量为0.34%(w/w)。
检测酵母酶解产物的抗氧化活性,发现其对DPPH自由基的清除率为50%时的浓度为1.63mg/mL;采用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定其对超氧阴离子的清除率为50%的浓度20.78mg/mL。
利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测酵母酶解产物对血管紧张素转换酶(ACE) 的抑制作用,发现其对ACE的半抑制浓度IC50为20μg/mL。
实施例3
按下述方法配制液体培养基:在蒸馏水中加入胰蛋白胨1.5%(w/w,下同)、葡萄糖0.8%、CaCl20.05%、NaCl 0.15%,混合均匀后,调节液体培养基pH为 6.0。在121℃灭菌20min后,按1.0%(v/v)将枯草芽孢杆菌HU528一级种子接种于液体培养基,在温度为25℃,搅拌转速为180r/min的条件下发酵培养60 h后,所得发酵液于4℃、8000r/m离心10min后去除菌体,发酵上清液即为酶制剂。酶制剂中蛋白酶活力为1600U/mL,β-葡聚糖酶活力为3.0U/mL。
在食用酵母粉中按每克酵母粉添加含蛋白酶活性9600U的上述酶制剂(6mL 酶制剂/g干酵母),补充无菌水至食用酵母粉与混合液体积比(料液比,w/v) 为1:25。调节混合液的pH为9.0。在70℃酶解反应2h后,95℃下灭酶15min,离心取上清,将上清液进行喷雾干燥,得到酵母酶解产物。喷雾干燥的条件为进风温度150℃,出风温度为80℃,进料流量为25mL/min。
利用HPLC检测酵母酶解产物对血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)的抑制作用,其对ACE的半抑制浓度IC50为150μg/mL。
开展酵母酶解产物体内降血压活性,测试一次灌胃给食对大鼠收缩压的影响。动物实验流程如下:将40只自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)按体重随机分为对照组、卡托普利组(高血压临床用药)和样品组,每组8只。所有大鼠分笼饲养,每笼5只,自由饮水进食,活动不限。饲养温度为23±10℃,湿度为55±5%,光照和黑暗各12h。采用尾动脉间接测压法测定大鼠的收缩压。实验动物预饲养一周,确保动物已经适应仪器和环境后,开始进行一次性给食(药)实验。称取一定质量的酵母酶解产物和卡托普利,均溶于1mL蒸馏水中。其中样品组的高、中、低剂量组分别灌胃给食酵母酶解物1200、400、133mg/kg·bw,卡托普利组灌胃给药卡托普利10mg/kg·bw,对照组灌胃给食蒸馏水,另取8只wistar-Kyoto 大鼠(WKY,SHR的正常血压对照组)灌胃给食酵母酶解物1200mg/kg·bw。每只大鼠灌胃量为1mL,灌胃0h、2h、4h、6h、8h后分别测定大鼠的收缩压,各个实验组大鼠的收缩压随时间的变化情况如图6所示。
从图6可以看出,酵母酶解物组SHR在灌胃2h后收缩压开始下降,且高剂量组和中剂量组收缩压降低较快,而低剂量组收缩压降低值较小。高、中、低剂量组SHR在灌胃4h后收缩压达到最低点,收缩压分别降低了28.8mmHg、 18.8mmHg、11.9mmHg,且高中低剂量组之间差异性显著。灌胃高剂量酵母酶解物的WKY大鼠血压值相对比较平稳,表明酵母酶解物虽然能够显著降低SHR 血压,但是对正常大鼠的血压影响不显著。
实施例4
按下述方法配制液体培养基:在蒸馏水中加入胰蛋白胨1.5%(w/w,下同)、葡萄糖0.5%、CaCl20.1%、NaCl 0.1%,混合均匀后,调节液体培养基pH为9.0。在121℃灭菌20min后,按1.0%(v/v)将枯草芽孢杆菌HU528一级种子接种于液体培养基,在温度为40℃,搅拌转速为220r/min的条件下发酵培养40h后,所得发酵液于4℃、8000r/m离心10min后去除菌体,发酵上清液即为酶制剂。酶制剂中蛋白酶活力为2000U/mL,β-葡聚糖酶活力为1.0U/mL。
在食用酵母粉中按每克酵母粉添加含蛋白酶活性15000U的上述酶制剂 (7.5mL酶制剂/g干酵母),补充无菌水至食用酵母粉与混合液体积比(料液比,w/v)为1:15。调节混合液的pH为5.0。在40℃酶解反应6h后,105℃下灭酶 5min,离心取上清,将上清液进行喷雾干燥,得到酵母酶解产物。喷雾干燥的条件为进风温度140℃,出风温度为90℃,进料流量为15mL/min。
利用HPLC检测酵母酶解产物对血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)的抑制作用,其对ACE的半抑制浓度IC50为90μg/mL。
开展酵母酶解产物体内降血压活性,测试长期灌胃给食对大鼠收缩压的影响。动物实验流程如下:将40只自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)按体重随机分为对照组、卡托普利组(高血压临床用药)和样品组,每组8只。所有大鼠分笼饲养,每笼5只,自由饮水进食,活动不限。饲养温度为23±10℃,湿度为55±5%,光照和黑暗各12h。采用尾动脉间接测压法测定大鼠的收缩压。实验动物预饲养一周,确保动物已经适应仪器和环境后,开始进行长期灌胃给食(药)实验。称取一定质量的酵母酶解产物和卡托普利均溶于1mL蒸馏水中。其中样品组的高、中、低剂量组分别灌胃给食酵母酶解物1200、400、133mg/kg·bw,卡托普利组灌胃给药卡托普利10mg/kg·bw,对照组灌胃给食蒸馏水,另取8只wistar-Kyoto 大鼠(WKY,SHR的正常血压对照组)灌胃给食酵母酶解物1200mg/kg·bw。每天上午10点灌胃给食(药)一次并记录大鼠的重量,连续给食(药)25d,为了判断酵母酶解产物的降压作用是否有延迟效果,从第26d开始停止灌胃给食(药)5d,再第31天开始恢复灌胃给食(药)10d。每隔5d测量一次收缩压,每次测量时间为各个剂量组灌胃给食(药)后4h。各个实验组大鼠的收缩压随时间的变化情况如图7所示。
从图7可以看出,给食酵母酶解产物的低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组和卡托普利组的收缩压均有一定程度的降低,其中高剂量组和卡托普利组收缩压降低值比较接近。长期给食后,酵母酶解物各剂量组间的差异减少,10d以后,中剂量组SHR的收缩压降低值也增大,有时与高剂量组的血压接近且无显著性差异(p>0.05)。停止5d灌胃,各剂量组血压值回升,虽然样品组血压值低于空白对照组,但无显著性差异(p>0.05)。再接着灌胃5d后,与最初灌胃的效果不同,高剂量组SHR的收缩压便降低到停止灌胃前的水平,且与WKY正常组的收缩压无显著性差异(p>0.05)。说明经过长期给药,该酵母酶解物具有降低血压并稳定血压在较低水平的作用,而对于正常血压值的大鼠没有显著影响。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受所述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种枯草芽孢杆菌,其特征在于,名称为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)HU528,保藏在广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏日期为2018年4月23日,保藏编号为GDMCCNO:60364。
2.一种酶制剂,其特征在于,采用权利要求1所述的枯草芽孢杆菌制备而成;
其制备过程为:
将枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)HU528斜面菌种接种于LB培养基,接种于已灭菌的液体培养基,在温度为25~45℃,搅拌转速为150~ 250 r/min的条件下发酵培养30~60 h后,发酵上清液即为酶制剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的酶制剂,其特征在于,所述酶制剂的蛋白酶活性为800 U/mL ~3000 U/mL,β-葡聚糖酶活性为0.5 U/mL ~ 3 U/mL。
4.权利要求2或3所述的酶制剂的应用,其特征在于,用于制备具有降血压活性的酵母酶解产物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的酶制剂的应用,其特征在于,所述制备具有降血压活性的酵母酶解产物,包括制备权利要求2所述酶制剂的制备过程步骤和应用权利要求2或3所述的酶制剂水解食用酵母粉两个步骤。
6.根据权利要求5所述的酶制剂的应用,其特征在于,所述的液体培养基的配制方法为:在蒸馏水中加入胰蛋白胨0.5~2%w/w、葡萄糖0.1~1% w/w、CaCl2 0~0.3% w/w、NaCl0.1~0.3% w/w,混合均匀后,调节液体培养基pH为5.0 ~9.0。
7.根据权利要求5所述的酶制剂的应用,其特征在于,所述酶水解食用酵母粉步骤具体为:
将权利要求2所述酶制剂与食用酵母干粉混合,得到混合液;调节pH为5.0 ~9.0,在40~70℃酶解2~10 h,95-105℃下灭酶5-15min,离心,将上清液进行喷雾干燥,得到酵母酶解产物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的酶制剂的应用,其特征在于,所述混合液的配制方法为:在食用酵母粉中按每克酵母粉添加含蛋白酶活性2000 ~ 15000 U的权利要求2酶制剂,补充无菌水至食用酵母粉与混合液的料液体积比,为1:5 ~ 1:25。
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