CN108914092B - 一种氢氧化铁超疏水薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种氢氧化铁超疏水薄膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108914092B
CN108914092B CN201810826584.6A CN201810826584A CN108914092B CN 108914092 B CN108914092 B CN 108914092B CN 201810826584 A CN201810826584 A CN 201810826584A CN 108914092 B CN108914092 B CN 108914092B
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谭新玉
王嫚
陈晓波
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China Three Gorges University CTGU
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Abstract

本发明涉及纳米材料及涂层的方法,提供一种采用水热法制备氢氧化铁超疏水薄膜的方法。本发明通过水热法制备出的疏水薄膜具有大于150°的静态水接触角和小于50的滚动角。拥有具有类荷叶结构的自清洁效果,此外,该膜层能够很好的延长冰在表面附着的时间和数量,能够起到良好的防覆冰效果。

Description

一种氢氧化铁超疏水薄膜及其制备方法
技术领域
一种氢氧化铁超疏水薄膜及其制备方法,属于材料领域、环境领域,主要涉及易被雨水、灰尘污染且易结冰的风机叶片表面,通过镀膜能够有效提升材料的抗污、防覆冰的能力。
背景技术
随着能源结构的调整,以光伏太阳能和风力发电为代表的新能源得到大力推广,而根据我国地理资源的分布,风机大部分分布在西北地区,随之而来的风机叶片覆冰给风力发电带来巨大的危害,因此,研究新型材料用于防覆冰具有重要的意义。
传统的风机叶片常采用电加热系统除冰方法、基于电磁力的除冰方法、利用电动机械装置的除冰方法、高频高压激励除冰方法和电脉冲除冰方法等。这些方法大致可概括为四类:1热力除冰;2机械除冰;3自然被动法;4其他方法。但是以上的方法都是被动除冰,不能达到防覆冰的效果。针对风机叶片覆冰,应以防为主,在雪冻恶劣气候条件下,防止风机叶片结冰,可以减少除冰作业,节省人力和物力。针对这种情况,我们需要研发新的材料,不仅用于风机叶片表面,还可以用于高压杆塔金属钢架等结构上,通过减小冰在表面的粘附,实现有效防覆冰的效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种氢氧化铁疏水薄膜及其制备方法。所述的疏水薄膜为氧化硅及双氢氧化物疏水薄膜,该薄膜具有优良的性能,其水接触角最高可达160°,滚动角小于5°。具备类“荷叶结构”的自清洁效应。此外,该膜层还具有良好的防覆冰性能,将其置于类大气环境中,能够明显延长冰在涂层表面粘附的时间。
一种氢氧化铁疏水薄膜及其制备方法,包括以下物质:4-7份的氢氧化铁胶体、4-7份的原硅酸四乙酯水解液、1-3份的疏水改性液。
一种氢氧化铁疏水薄膜及其制备方法,通过水热法合成超疏水薄膜,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)混合溶液的制备:将去离子水加热到60-90℃后倒入到反应釜中,将原硅酸四乙酯水解的硅胶加入反应釜中,用0.1mol/L盐酸调节溶液pH为3,再将氢氧化铁胶体加入到反应釜中。将反应釜置于烘箱中加热100-150℃,反应1-4h待用。
(2)薄膜的疏水改性溶液配制:将十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、无水乙醇按一定比例混合后待用;
(3)铝片的清洗:将铝片依次经洗衣粉清洗、超声清洗、普通水清洗、超声清洗、丙酮清洗、去离子水清洗后烘干待用;
(4)将清洗干净的铝片放入反应釜中,将反应釜置于100-120℃的烘箱中0.5-1h,使铝片与混合溶液充分反应。之后取出铝片将其放入到120-180℃的烘箱中干燥1-3h待用。
(5)将步骤(4)的铝片置于匀胶机上面,设置初级转速400-800r/min,时间8-12s;次级转速1800-2500r/min,时间30-50s。将疏水改性溶液喷涂在上面。之后将样品放置于100~130℃的烘箱中处理2~3h即可得到疏水薄膜。
专利的优点:
1、镀膜方式简单,制备成本低廉。
2、此镀膜液能在不同基底上镀膜,镀膜后成膜均匀性良好(表面粗糙度RMS=7.9nm),且膜层厚度差异不大(膜层的形貌信息AFM及表面粗糙信息见附图3)。
3、此膜层具有超疏水自清洁性能,不仅能够减小灰尘在表面的附着,同时能够延长冰在表面的附着,达到防覆冰的效果。
附图说明
图1为实施例2镀膜前后玻璃接触角的大小变化。(a)未镀膜玻璃与水的接触角为41°;(b)镀膜后玻璃与水的接触角为160°;(c)未镀膜铝片与水的接触角为80°;(d)镀膜后铝片与水的接触角为155°。
图2为实施例2超疏水薄膜的平面SEM图和AFM截面及FTIR谱图。(a)镀膜铝片表面的SEM(倍数1000);(b)镀膜铝片表面的SEM(倍数75000);(c)镀膜铝片表面的FTIR;(d)镀膜铝片表面的AFM。
图3为实施例2普通铝片与超疏水铝片的防覆冰情况。铝片表面防覆冰(左边是未处理的,右边是镀膜之后的)(a)1小时之后铝片结冰情况;(b)2小时之后铝片结冰情况;(c)3小时之后铝片结冰情况;(d)4小时之后铝片结冰情况。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案以及优点更加清楚,将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚完成的描述。
实施例1
一种氢氧化铁疏水薄膜及其制备方法,包括以下物质:4mL的氢氧化铁胶体、4mL原硅酸四乙酯水解的硅溶胶、2mL的疏水改性液。
一种氢氧化铁疏水薄膜及其制备方法,通过水热法合成超疏水薄膜,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)混合溶液的制备:将60mL的去离子水加热到90℃后倒入到反应釜中,将4mL原硅酸四乙酯水解的硅溶胶加入反应釜中,用0.1mol/L盐酸调节溶液的pH为3,再将4mL的氢氧化铁胶体加入到反应釜中。将反应釜置于烘箱中加热120℃,反应2h待用。
(2)薄膜的疏水改性溶液配制:将十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、无水乙醇按3:97的体积比例混合后待用;
(3)铝片的清洗:将铝片依次经洗衣粉清洗、超声清洗、普通水清洗、超声清洗、丙酮清洗、去离子水清洗后烘干待用;
(4)将清洗干净的铝片放入反应釜中,将反应釜置于120℃的烘箱中0.5h,使铝片与混合溶液充分反应。之后取出铝片将其放入到180℃的烘箱中干燥1h待用。
(5)将步骤(4)的铝片置于匀胶机上面,设置初级转速800r/min,时间12s;次级转速2000r/min,时间40s。将疏水改性溶液喷涂在上面。之后将样品放置于130℃的烘箱中处理2h即可得到疏水薄膜。
实施例2
一种氢氧化铁疏水薄膜及其制备方法,包括以下物质:7mL的氢氧化铁胶体、7mL原硅酸四乙酯水解的硅溶胶、2mL的疏水改性液。
一种氢氧化铁疏水薄膜及其制备方法,通过水热法合成超疏水薄膜,具体包括以下步骤:(1)混合溶液的制备:将60mL的去离子水加热到80℃后倒入到反应釜中,将7mL原硅酸四乙酯水解的硅溶胶加入反应釜中,用0.1mol/L盐酸调节溶液pH为3,再将7mL的氢氧化铁胶体加入到反应釜中。将反应釜置于烘箱中加热110℃,反应2h待用。
(2)薄膜的疏水改性溶液配制:将十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、无水乙醇按5:95的体积比例混合后待用;
(3)铝片、玻璃的清洗:将铝片、玻璃依次经洗衣粉清洗、超声清洗、普通水清洗、超声清洗、丙酮清洗、去离子水清洗后烘干待用;
(4)将清洗干净的铝片放入反应釜中,将反应釜置于110℃的烘箱中0.5h,使铝片与混合溶液充分反应。之后取出铝片将其放入到150℃的烘箱中干燥2h待用。
(5)将清洗干净的玻璃放入20mLFe(OH)3胶体中,在110℃下浸泡12小时。之后取出玻璃放到100℃烘箱中干燥30min,将干燥后的玻璃放入原硅酸四乙酯水解的硅溶胶中浸泡2min后取出,放入150℃烘箱中干燥2h待用。
(6)将步骤(4)、(5)的铝片和玻璃分别置于匀胶机上面,设置初级转速600r/min,时间8s;次级转速1800r/min,时间30s。将疏水改性溶液喷涂在上面。之后将样品放置于110℃的烘箱中处理2.5h即可得到疏水薄膜。
实施例3
一种氢氧化铁疏水薄膜及其制备方法,包括以下物质:6mL的氢氧化铁胶体、1mL原硅酸四乙酯溶液、3ml的疏水改性液。
一种氢氧化铁疏水薄膜及其制备方法,通过水热法合成超疏水薄膜,具体包括以下步骤:(2)混合溶液的制备:将60mL的去离子水加热到70℃后倒入到反应釜中,将6mL的氢氧化铁胶体加入到反应釜中,再将1mL的原硅酸四乙酯溶液加入反应釜。将反应釜置于烘箱中加热100℃,反应2h待用。
(2)薄膜的疏水改性溶液配制:将十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、无水乙醇按4:96的体积比例混合后待用;
(3)铝片的清洗:将铝片依次经洗衣粉清洗、超声清洗、普通水清洗、超声清洗、丙酮清洗、去离子水清洗后烘干待用;
(4)将清洗干净的铝片放入反应釜中,将反应釜置于100℃的烘箱中1h,使铝片与混合溶液充分反应。之后取出铝片将其放入到120℃的烘箱中干燥3h待用。
(5)将步骤(4)的铝片置于匀胶机上面,设置初级转速500r/min,时间12s;次级转速2300r/min,时间50s。将疏水改性溶液喷涂在上面。之后将样品放置于100℃的烘箱中处理3h即可得到疏水薄膜。

Claims (5)

1.一种在防覆冰上应用的氢氧化铁超疏水薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,在酸性条件下制备疏水薄膜,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)氢氧化铁胶体的制备:将饱和FeCl3溶液加入到沸腾的去离子水中,反应生成氢氧化铁胶体;
(2)混合溶液的制备:将去离子加热温度为60-90℃,加入原硅酸四乙酯水解的硅溶胶,用盐酸调节溶液的pH至3-5,再将步骤(1)中的氢氧化铁胶体加入到反应釜中在100-150℃下水热反应1-4h;
(3)铝片的清洗:将铝片依次经洗衣粉清洗、超声清洗、普通水清洗、超声清洗、丙酮清洗、去离子水清洗后烘干待用;
(4)将步骤(3)中清洗干净的铝片放入步骤(2)的反应釜中,加入铝片后,在80-120℃下,反应0.5-1h,取出铝片后,放入150-200℃下干燥1-3h后待用;
(5)将步骤(4)的铝片置于匀胶机上面,喷涂疏水改性溶液,涂布均匀后将样品烘干即可得到氢氧化铁超疏水薄膜,所述的疏水改性液为无水乙醇、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷按体积比95-99:1-5混合而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的在防覆冰上应用的氢氧化铁超疏水薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,将铝片置于匀胶机上面,喷涂疏水改性溶液后,在初级转速400-800r/min,涂布8-12s,再在次级转速1800-2500r/min,涂布30-50s,之后将样品放置于90~130℃的烘箱中处理1~2h即可得到疏水薄膜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的在防覆冰上应用的氢氧化铁超疏水薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,该超疏水薄膜具有大于150°的静态水接触角和小于5° 的滚动角,表面粗糙度小于8nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的在防覆冰上应用的氢氧化铁超疏水薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,该超疏水薄膜包括如下重量份的原料:氢氧化铁胶体4-7份、原硅酸四乙酯4-7份、疏水改性液1-3份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的在防覆冰上应用的氢氧化铁超疏水薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,该超疏水薄膜包括如下重量份的原料:氢氧化铁胶体6份、原硅酸四乙酯6份、疏水改性液3份。
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