CN108892514A - 一种高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN108892514A
CN108892514A CN201810613246.4A CN201810613246A CN108892514A CN 108892514 A CN108892514 A CN 108892514A CN 201810613246 A CN201810613246 A CN 201810613246A CN 108892514 A CN108892514 A CN 108892514A
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郭伟明
吴利翔
牛文彬
曾令勇
林华泰
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Abstract

本发明属于非氧化物陶瓷材料领域,公开了一种高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料及其制备方法和应用。本发明将Si3N4和MgO‑Re2O3经混料、干燥后得到粉体A;纯Si3N4粉进行相同混料工艺、干燥后得到粉体记为粉体B,将粉体A和粉体B依次装入烧结炉中,在氮气气氛下制备表硬里韧的高性能Si3N4陶瓷梯度材料,氮气压力为负压;制备得到Si3N4陶瓷的相对密度高于95%,表层硬度为18~30GPa,里层断裂韧性为10~20MPa·m1/2,整体抗弯强度为1200~1500Mpa;本发明实现了高性能Si3N4梯度陶瓷的制备。最后经切割、粗磨、精磨和抛光工序后得到所述的高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖产品。

Description

一种高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于非氧化物陶瓷材料领域,具体公开了一种高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
目前智能手机成为人们生活当中不可或缺的一部分,人们对手机的保护和优化也越来越重视,手机外壳在手机的保护当中充当一个相当重要的角色,防止手机摔落受到损害以及磨损等是最直接方式。同时,手机后盖还影响到散热、轻质、美观等重要因素。因此,对用于手机后盖的材料需要具有高强度、耐热、耐磨损、外观漂亮等特点。在现有市场上手机后盖采用的材料主要有金属、玻璃、工程塑料等,然而,以上材料存在硬度低、易划伤、褪色、易变形等缺点;而且,作为目前市场上最流行的金属外壳,因为其对电磁信号有干扰这一缺点,对于通信时代5G信号的普及是致命打击,因此急需寻找一种既具有电磁屏蔽性,又能满足以上其他要求材料。Si3N4陶瓷材料作为一种结构材料,具有优异的力学性能,例如高硬度、高强、耐磨、耐高温等优异性能;并且作为一种电磁屏蔽性材料的同时,还兼具外观靓丽、玉质感、不变色等优异特点,可作为手机后盖的极佳候选材料。
然而,Si3N4陶瓷材料应用于手机后盖急需解决的是陶瓷材料的脆性问题。目前,通过对陶瓷材料进行增韧,用于制作手机后盖的陶瓷材料有氧化铝、氧化锆、碳化硅等结构材料。然而,这些材料都是通过提高手机后盖整体的韧性,过分地提高其韧性将极有可能降低其强度、耐磨、外观等。Si3N4作为一种高温易分解的物质,使得人们对于Si3N4烧结致密研究主要集中于高压防止分解,同时进行机械加压促进致密,然而并没有任何报道关于Si3N4陶瓷负压甚至高真空烧结的研究。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的缺点和不足之处,本发明的首要目的在于提供一种高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料的制备方法;该方法通过负压条件下制备高性能Si3N4梯度陶瓷材料,实现了高性能Si3N4陶瓷手机后盖的快速制备。
本发明的再一目的在于提供上述制备方法制备得到的高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料。
本发明的又一目的在于提供上述高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料的应用。
本发明目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料,包括以下步骤:
(1)以Si3N4粉为原料,以MgO-Re2O3为烧结助剂,将Si3N4和MgO-Re2O3按质量分数比为60~99%:1~40%的配比经混料、干燥后,得到Si3N4-MgO-Re2O3混合粉体记为粉体A,其中Re为Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb或Lu;所述的MgO-Re2O3中的MgO:Re2O3质量分数比为1~99%:99~1%;将Si3N4粉经过与前述相同的混料和干燥工艺得到的粉体记为粉体B;
(2)将粉体A:粉体B按50~80vol%:50~20vol%比例,依次加入烧结炉中,在氮气环境下进行烧结,氮气压力为负压;最后烧结得到高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料。
步骤(1)中所述的Si3N4粉纯度为95~100%,粒径为<10μm;MgO粉纯度为95~100%,Re2O3纯度为99.9%。
步骤(1)中所述Si3N4-MgO-Re2O3混合粉体是将Si3N4和MgO-Re2O3按配比进行混料,以乙醇为溶剂,以Si3N4球为球磨介质,在行星式球磨机上混合4~18h,干燥后得到Si3N4-MgO-Re2O3混合粉体。
步骤(2)中所述粉体A:粉体B的比例为80vol%:20vol%。
所述球磨是在行星式球磨机上混合8h。
步骤(1)中所述Si3N4和MgO-Re2O3的质量分数比为90%:10%,其中MgO-Re2O3的MgO:Re2O3质量分数比为55%:45%,Re为Y。
步骤(2)中所述的烧结具体按照以下步骤:在1000~1500℃保温1~240min,整个过程烧结气氛为氮气,氮气压力为10-4~1bar,制备得到高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料。
一种由上述制备方法制备得到的高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料,该材料的相对密度大于95%,表层硬度为18~30GPa,断裂韧性为10~20MPa·m1/2,抗弯强度为1200~1500Mpa。
上述的高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料在制备手机后盖中的应用,所述应用是将高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料经切割、粗磨、精磨和抛光工序后得到手机后盖产品。
本发明的原理:
本发明采用低温下进行负压烧结,在防止Si3N4分解的同时,也降低烧结过程中烧结助剂所形成液相的黏度,促进里层晶粒长大。并且,使得液相在压力作用下扩散到外层纯Si3N4,使得外层保持原有的细小颗粒,而内部在烧结助剂和压力作用下发生长棒状晶长大,从而制备表层和里层不同的晶粒分布,在保证Si3N4陶瓷具有较高韧性的同时,又可以加强其硬度可抗弯强度等性能。
本发明是在负压低温的条件下,实现Si3N4梯度材料的制备,与现有技术相比具有以下优点和有益效果:
(1)本发明在负压作用下,极大降低了Si3N4陶瓷的烧结温度;
(2)采用负压烧结有利于清除陶瓷内部气孔等缺陷,可进一步提高Si3N4陶瓷性能;
(3)通过液相扩散形成Si3N4梯度陶瓷,梯度层之间结合力强,实现表硬里韧Si3N4梯度陶瓷制备。
具体实施方法
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
一种高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖的制备,具体方法如下:
(1)以Si3N4粉为原料,Si3N4粉纯度为99%,粒径为0.1μm;以MgO-Y2O3为烧结助剂,MgO粉纯度为99.9%,Y2O3纯度为99.9%。按Si3N4:MgO-Y2O3的质量分数比为90%:10%的配比混合,以乙醇为溶剂,以Si3N4球为球磨介质,在行星球磨机上混合8h,干燥后,得到Si3N4-MgO-Y2O3混合粉体记为粉体A;所述的MgO-Y2O3中的MgO:Y2O3质量分数比为55%:45%;纯Si3N4粉进行与前述相同的混料和干燥工艺得到的粉体记为粉体B。
(2)将粉体A:粉体B按80vol%:20vol%比例,依次加入热压烧结炉中,在1300℃保温60min,机械加压30MPa,氮气压力为4×104Pa;最后烧结得到高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料。
本实施例制备得到高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料相对密度达到98%,表层硬度为25GPa,断裂韧性为12MPa·m1/2,抗弯强度为1300Mpa;最后经切割、粗磨、精磨和抛光工序后得到所述的高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖产品。
实施例2
按照Si3N4:MgO-Yb2O3的质量分数比为80%:20%进行配料,其中Si3N4粉的粒径为30nm,MgO:Yb2O3质量分数比为60%:40%,粉体A:粉体B的比例为90vol%:10vol%。按照实施例1方法制备Si3N4梯度陶瓷,其中烧结工艺为:在放电等离子烧结炉中加热到1200℃保温5min,机械加压为50MPa,氮气压力为103Pa。本实施例制备得到高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料相对密度达到99%,表层硬度为26GPa,断裂韧性为10MPa·m1/2,抗弯强度为1400Mpa;最后经切割、粗磨、精磨和抛光工序后得到所述的高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖产品。
实施例3
按照Si3N4:MgO-La2O3的质量分数比为90%:10%进行配料,其中Si3N4粉的粒径为10nm,MgO:Yb2O3质量分数比为60%:40%,粉体A:粉体B的比例为90vol%:10vol%。按照实施例1方法制备Si3N4梯度陶瓷,其中烧结工艺为:在放电等离子烧结炉中加热到1000℃保温5min,机械加压为50MPa,氮气压力为102Pa。本实施例制备得到高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料相对密度达到99%,表层硬度为28GPa,断裂韧性为12MPa·m1/2,抗弯强度为1500Mpa;最后经切割、粗磨、精磨和抛光工序后得到所述的高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖产品。
实施例4
按照Si3N4:MgO-Lu2O3的质量分数比为85%:15%进行配料,其中Si3N4粉的粒径为30nm,MgO:Lu2O3质量分数比为55%:45%,粉体A:粉体B的比例为70vol%:30vol%。按照实施例1方法制备Si3N4梯度陶瓷,其中烧结工艺为:在放电等离子烧结炉中加热到1100℃保温5min,机械加压为60MPa,氮气压力为103Pa。本实施例制备得到高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料相对密度达到99%,表层硬度为27GPa,断裂韧性为10MPa·m1/2,抗弯强度为1400Mpa;最后经切割、粗磨、精磨和抛光工序后得到所述的高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖产品。
实施例5
按照Si3N4:MgO-Gd2O3的质量分数比为80%:20%进行配料,其中Si3N4粉的粒径为100nm,MgO:Gd2O3质量分数比为60%:40%,粉体A:粉体B的比例为70vol%:30vol%。按照实施例1方法制备Si3N4梯度陶瓷,其中烧结工艺为:在热压烧结炉中加热到1450℃保温5min,机械加压为50MPa,氮气压力为103Pa。本实施例制备得到高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料相对密度达到99%,表层硬度为26GPa,断裂韧性为13MPa·m1/2,抗弯强度为1200Mpa;最后经切割、粗磨、精磨和抛光工序后得到所述的高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖产品。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)以Si3N4粉为原料,以MgO-Re2O3为烧结助剂,将Si3N4和MgO-Re2O3按质量分数比为60~99%:1~40%的配比经混料、干燥后,得到Si3N4-MgO-Re2O3混合粉体记为粉体A,其中Re为Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Pm、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb或Lu;所述的MgO-Re2O3中的MgO:Re2O3质量分数比为1~99%:99~1%;将Si3N4粉经过与前述相同的混料和干燥工艺得到的粉体记为粉体B;
(2)将粉体A:粉体B按50~80vol%:50~20vol%比例,依次加入烧结炉中,在氮气环境下进行烧结,氮气压力为负压;最后烧结得到高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述的Si3N4粉纯度为95~100%,粒径为<10μm;MgO粉纯度为95~100%,Re2O3纯度为99.9%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述Si3N4-MgO-Re2O3混合粉体是将Si3N4和MgO-Re2O3按配比进行混料,以乙醇为溶剂,以Si3N4球为球磨介质,在行星式球磨机上混合4~18h,干燥后得到Si3N4-MgO-Re2O3混合粉体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述粉体A:粉体B的比例为80vol%:20vol%。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述球磨是在行星式球磨机上混合8h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述Si3N4和MgO-Re2O3的质量分数比为90%:10%,其中MgO-Re2O3的MgO:Re2O3质量分数比为55%:45%,Re为Y。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述的烧结具体按照以下步骤:在1000~1500℃保温1~240min,整个过程烧结气氛为氮气,氮气压力为10-4~1bar,制备得到高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料。
8.一种由权利要求1~7任一项所述制备方法制备得到的高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料,其特征在于:该材料的相对密度大于95%,表层硬度为18~30GPa,断裂韧性为10~20MPa·m1/2,抗弯强度为1200~1500Mpa。
9.根据权利要求8所述的高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料在制备手机后盖中的应用,其特征在于:所述应用是将高性能氮化硅陶瓷手机后盖材料经切割、粗磨、精磨和抛光工序后得到手机后盖产品。
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CN112209725A (zh) * 2020-10-15 2021-01-12 郑州航空工业管理学院 一种氮化硅陶瓷烧结的前处理方法、氮化硅陶瓷及其制备方法
CN113735594A (zh) * 2021-08-25 2021-12-03 北京科技大学 一种热压烧结制备高导热氮化硅陶瓷的方法
CN113880592A (zh) * 2021-11-08 2022-01-04 北京理工大学 一种高硬高韧氮化硅陶瓷复杂结构件制备工艺
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CN110981497A (zh) * 2019-12-23 2020-04-10 广东工业大学 一种高导热高耐磨的氮化硅陶瓷及其制备方法和应用
CN112209725A (zh) * 2020-10-15 2021-01-12 郑州航空工业管理学院 一种氮化硅陶瓷烧结的前处理方法、氮化硅陶瓷及其制备方法
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