CN108887107A - A kind of tomato planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present embodiments relate to field of agricultural cultivation, disclose a kind of tomato planting method.In the present invention, tomato planting method, including nursery, field planting, hanging tendril, prune, fall it is climing and harvesting, the base portion 1-5cm of the positional distance pruned tomato branch to be pruned.Tomato planting method provided by the invention, can reasonably prune to tomato plant, guarantee tomato plant healthy growth, to improve tomato quality and yield.

Description

A kind of tomato planting method

Technical field

The present embodiments relate to field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a kind of tomato planting method.

Background technique

Tomato is full of nutrition, there is flavour, has weight-reducing, eliminates fatigue, improve a poor appetite, improve to protein Digestion, reduction gasteremphraxis dyspepsia and other effects, are the healthy vegetables and fruits that modern is suitble to, dining table demand is big.In recent years, nutritionist studies It was found that tomato also has the medical value of new health-care efficacy and a variety of diseases of prevention and treatment.Therefore, the cultivar of tomato is implanted with well Prospect.Since the growth potential of tomato plant is strong, on stem each section can mitogenetic axillary bud, and each axillary bud can be sprouted into Branch, yields positive results, if being allowed to free growth, it will cause branches and leaves to grow thickly, and plant shape disorder, easy consumption falls a large amount of nutrient, makes At fruit drop, fruit shape becomes smaller, and influences the yield and quality of tomato.Therefore, during tomato plant strain growth, it is carried out It prunes to adjust its growth.

It was found by the inventors of the present invention that in the prior art, after pruning tomato, wound caused by pruning easily is felt It catches an illness and bacterium and is difficult to heal, and then tomato plant is caused to be unable to healthy growth, seriously affect tomato quality and yield.Therefore, How reasonably tomato plant prune most important.

Summary of the invention

To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of tomato planting method, can reasonably to tomato plant into Row is pruned, and guarantees tomato plant healthy growth, to improve tomato quality and yield.

Technical scheme is as follows：A kind of tomato planting method, including nursery, field planting, hanging tendril, prune, fall it is climing with And harvesting, the base portion 1-5cm of the positional distance pruned tomato branch to be pruned；

Further, the positional distance pruned tomato branch base portion 1-2cm to be pruned；

Further, the mode pruned is：It is pruned every one tomato plant, prune is in branch length It is carried out when 5-15cm；The sequence pruned is：Healthy and strong disease-free plant is first beaten, then beats the plant to catch an illness；Beaten the plant that catches an illness it Afterwards, it first carries out disinfection to scissors, then lays a plant；

Further, when beating the plant to catch an illness, the old leaf and yellow leaf of infected plant are first beaten, then beats the sick leaf of infected plant；

It further, further include being specifically included around climing around climing before pruning：Tomato plant is wound along hanging tendril rope, It is primary every the winding of predetermined joint number；The predetermined joint number is 2-3 section；

It further, further include flower and fruit thinning after the step of pruning, flower and fruit thinning specifically includes：Remove malformed flower Piece, odd fruit and size be not up to the fruit of mean size.

Compared with prior art, it is an advantage of the invention that：Tomato planting method of the invention is apart beaten on the climing branch of tomato The position of the base portion 1-5cm of wooden fork branch is pruned, and due to reserving the stubble of certain length in wooden fork base portion, enables wound of pruning separate Trunk, so as to effectively prevent germ from invading trunk from wound；Again because the branch for position of pruning is thinner than wooden fork base portion, so as to Keep the surface of a wound pruned smaller and be conducive to wound healing, enable plant healthy growth after pruning, so improve tomato quality and Yield；By being pruned every one tomato plant.It can guarantee that tomato plant has reasonable climing branch close after pruning Degree, to be conducive to plant ventilation and penetrating light；By carrying out can be convenient the subsequent behaviour that prunes around climing to tomato plant before pruning Make, saving is pruned the time.

Specific embodiment

It in order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below will be to each implementation of the invention Mode is explained in detail.However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that in each embodiment of the present invention, being Reader is set to more fully understand the present invention and propose many technical details.But it even if without these technical details and is based on The various changes and modifications of following embodiment, also may be implemented claimed technical solution of the invention.

Embodiments of the present invention are related to a kind of tomato planting method, including nursery, field planting, hanging tendril, prune, fall climing and adopt It receives, the base portion 1-5cm of the positional distance pruned tomato branch to be pruned.

In terms of existing technologies, embodiment of the present invention is apart pruned the base portion 1-5cm of branch on the climing branch of tomato Position prune, due to staying the stubble of certain length in wooden fork base portion, enable and prune wound far from trunk, to effectively prevent Germ invades trunk from wound；Again because the branch for position of pruning is thinner than wooden fork base portion, so as to make the surface of a wound pruned is small to be conducive to wound Mouthful healing, enables plant healthy growth after pruning, and then improve tomato quality and yield.

Below to nursery in the tomato planting method of present embodiment, field planting, hanging tendril, prune, fall the links such as climing and harvesting Realization details be specifically described, the following contents only for convenience of the realization details provided is understood, not implements this programme It is necessary.

(1) nursery

Nursery, which refers to, cultivates tomato seedling in nursery, breeding ground or greenhouse, goes to plant in soil in case migrating to.This implementation In mode, in seedling raising process, when tomato seedling has 2-4 piece true leaf, the nutrient solution EC value of pouring is 1.0-2.0mS/cm, often It is 3-4 times that Zhou Pingjun, which pours number,；Long to having 5-6 piece true leaf from tomato seedling, the nutrient solution EC value of pouring is 2.0- 3.0mS/cm, averagely pouring number weekly is 2.5-3.5 times.Such as when tomato seedling has 4 true leaves, the nutrient solution EC of pouring Value is 2.0mS/cm, and averagely pouring number weekly is 3 times；Long to there are 5 true leaves, the nutrient solution EC value of pouring from tomato seedling For 3.0mS/cm, averagely pouring number weekly is 2 times.In present embodiment, go deep into the growth details of plant, grasps finer Plant growth deep layer law can adjust the height of the concentration of nutrient solution according to the size of tomato plant, tomato plant compared with When small, true leaf is 2-4 piece, the nutrition needed is few, therefore provides nutrient solution of the nutrient solution EC value between 1.0-2.0mS/cm, pours Average out to 3-4 times weekly of the number of filling is risen to 5-6 piece tomato plant is larger, blade is long, and the nutrition needed is more, therefore provides Nutrient solution of the nutrient solution EC value between 2.0-3.0mS/cm, average out to 2.5-3.5 times weekly of the number of pouring, that is, basis The difference of nutritional amt needed for the different times tomato plant in nursery stage come adjust nutrient solution concentration and supply number, reach Sectional-regulated and accurate control to the nutrition of the tomato plant in nursery stage.The program is considered from plant dimension angle, Rather than it is simply distinguished over to conventional growth phase classification (such as nursery stage, maturity period etc.), and this is quantized to each rank The specific requirements of section nutrient solution are cooperated by nutrient solution matching and the plant growth height in each stage, nutrient solution are avoided to supply " burn seedlings phenomenon " or nutrient solution often having supply it is very few after caused by the higher partially thin problem of tomato seedling, it is ensured that seedling raising process The healthy growth of middle tomato plant to cultivate the short strong tomato seedling of health, and then improves the quality and yield of tomato.

Preferably, when tomato seedling is in 2-4 piece true leaf period, averagely pouring number weekly is 3.5 times；It is long from tomato seedling It is risen to 5-6 piece true leaf, averagely pouring number weekly is 3 times.

In present embodiment, nutrient solution pouring can carry out at regular time and quantity.So accurately and stably tomato plant is carried out It pours, can make to supply to the time of the nutrient solution of tomato plant and content regularization, so that more meeting the growth of tomato plant needs It asks, further increases tomato quality and yield.

It should be noted that also finding disease pest in time while carrying out nutrient solution pouring to tomato plant in the stage of nursery Evil, science configuration medicament, carries out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control to tomato plant.

(2) it is colonized

Field planting, after referring to that tomato seedling is grown up, is migrated to and goes to plant in soil, is provided for Growth of Tomato Seedling bigger Space, in favor of preferably carrying out photosynthesis.In present embodiment, when tomato seedling leaf it is long to 7-8 piece true leaf when, to kind Eggplant seedling is colonized.

(3) hanging tendril

Due to tomato be climbing plant, growth potential is strong, can grow to several meters of height, it is therefore desirable to during tomato growth into Row hanging tendril makes tomato plant marshalling, in uniform light, and is adjustable plant strain growth, keeps growth potential balanced, setting fruit position compares Unanimously, convenient for management.In present embodiment, specifically, after field planting, hung when tomato plant height is 25-35cm It is climing.Since tomato plant is in 25cm or less, plant height is not high, uprightly can be not necessarily to hanging tendril without crouching down in ground Reception good illumination；And after growing to 35cm or more, be affected by gravity since tomato plant is excessively high, at the top of plant and can not be straight It is vertical, then cause plant inclination, can not reception good illumination, so being suitble to hanging tendril when tomato plant height is 25-35cm.

Specifically, hanging tendril operation can follow the steps below：Hanging tendril rope is tied up on hanging tendril hook, is twined on hanging tendril hook Around hanging tendril rope, hanging tendril hook can be hung over according to the planting density of tomato plant by setting above tomato plant in advance by picking vehicle On the wirerope set and hanging tendril rope is made to hang down, hanging tendril rope is pulled to tomato plant basal part of stem and pays attention to adjusting the elasticity of rope, Slip-knot is beaten on hanging tendril rope and entangles tomato plant with slip-knot, and hanging tendril rope is wound along plant stalk clockwise, is careful not to It is wrapped the blade of plant.In this way, tomato plant can be made to grow along hanging tendril rope, it is raw along same direction to meet climbing plant The requirement of long growth tendency, to be conducive to the growth and development and result of tomato plant.It should be noted that present embodiment In, slip-knot is specifically as follows Turkey's slip-knot, and in other embodiments, slip-knot may be other forms.Furthermore, it is necessary to infuse Meaning, first knot and entangle plant again, not knot on stem, slip-knot hole is changeable, as long as conveniently unlocking.

It is noted that the knot pore size of slip-knot is preferably greater than the stem size of tomato plant.In this way, can prevent It is not enough to accommodate the increasingly stem of thickening as tomato plant grows up, ties pore size size and to cause hanging tendril rope to strangle stem disconnected. In present embodiment, it is advisable so that the space of 1-2 root adult finger can be reserved between knot hole and the stem of slip-knot.

In present embodiment, hanging tendril rope length can be 11-15m, it is wound 7-8m on hanging tendril hook, can pass through picking Hanging tendril is hooked on above tomato plant and hanging tendril rope is made to hang down 4-5m by vehicle.It should be noted that the length of the hanging tendril rope, twining The length that is wound on hanging tendril hook and it is not limited to above situation from the length that hanging tendril hook hangs down, in other embodiments, Corresponding adjustment can be done according to different tomato planting greenhouse height.

(4) around climing

In present embodiment, after the operation of hanging tendril, before the operation pruned, also tomato plant is carried out around climing, tool Body includes following operation, and tomato plant is wound along hanging tendril rope, primary every the winding of predetermined joint number.By right before pruning Tomato plant carries out can be convenient subsequent operation of pruning around climing, saves and prunes the time.In addition, since tomato growth is very fast, if Wind it is overstocked, be unfavorable for provide plant branches and tendrils reasonable growth space, if being wrapped over pine branches and tendrils understand it is sagging quickly, increase It is subsequent around climing number.It is therefore preferred that predetermined joint number is 2-3 section, i.e., it is primary every 2-3 section winding.

(5) it prunes

It prunes and refers in the planting process of tomato, in addition to the side shoot that should retain, operation that remaining side shoot is all extractd Process in present embodiment, after climing, prunes to tomato plant.It should be noted that the position meeting of pruning of tomato It can grow up healthy and sound to the plant later period and play great influence, if stubble stays too long when pruning, the stubble restored after pruning is still The nutrient that plant is drawn can be consumed, if stubble stay too short will cause germ intrusion trunk, and the size of the stem due to stubble base portion It greater than the size of the stem other than stubble base portion, prunes in basal part of stem or apart from the close place of basal part of stem, it is excessive to will cause the surface of a wound, is unfavorable for Wound healing influences tomato quality and yield.Therefore, in present embodiment, it is preferable that prune the base portion 1- of branch in distance It prunes at the position of 2cm, namely after pruning, the length of the stubble remained on tomato branch is 1-2cm, such distance, Meeting, will not be because of the longer obstruction of stubble stayed of pruning around the farming operation such as climing, and at this time also just so that tomato plant is more attractive Value is suitble to the growth period pruned.

The mode pruned in present embodiment is：It is pruned every one tomato plant.So, it is ensured that tomato The reasonable climing branch density of plant, to be conducive to plant ventilation and penetrating light.

In addition, chance when pruning of tomato plays great influence to the speed of growth of plant, if branches and tendrils are beaten when too small Wooden fork will cause wound and be relatively difficult to recover and slow growth since branches and tendrils are tenderer；If branches and tendrils are pruned when excessive, branches and tendrils are being grown Nutrient can be consumed in the process, and the nutrient for supplying other branches and tendrils will be reduced, and equally plant strain growth can be made slow, extend growth week Phase.It is therefore preferred that being pruned specifically tomato plant is the progress of 5-15cm when in branch length, moreover, in branch length It prunes for 5-15cm, branches and tendrils are of moderate size, facilitate operation.

Specifically, the sequence pruned is：Healthy and strong disease-free plant is first beaten, then beats the plant to catch an illness.To avoid the plant caught an illness Cross-infection between strain and the plant of health, so that germ be prevented to infect from the plant to catch an illness to healthy and strong plant.Further After healthy and strong disease-free plant is first beaten on ground, then while beating the plant to catch an illness should be noted that the plant for having beaten and having caught an illness, 75% can be used Alcohol or suds carry out disinfection to scissors and then lay a plant, and germina infection is arrived it to avoid the plant to catch an illness His plant (including disease-free plant and the plant to catch an illness) makes plant catch an illness or aggravation, causes the growth and development of plant It is bad.

It should also be noted that the old leaf and yellow leaf for first beating infected plant when in addition, beating the plant to catch an illness, then beat the disease of infected plant Leaf.It avoids germ from infecting from the sick leaf of infected plant to normal blade, causes whole plant all to catch an illness, finally result in plant strain growth Depauperation is even dead.

It should be noted that need to carry out disinfection to the tool of pruning with alcohol or suds before pruning, it can be to avoid plant Germ is infected by tool of pruning between strain, influences the growth and development of the plant of health originally.The tool of pruning, which is specifically as follows, to be cut Knife.The residual branch for generation of pruning is cleared up after pruning, and specially concentrated the residual branch for stacking and laying and, then cleared up buried；Never with Hand throws out the residual branch laid and without care, in this way, being conducive to keep sanitation and hygiene in greenhouse, provides good growth ring for tomato plant Border.

(6) flower and fruit thinning

In present embodiment, can also flower and fruit thinning be carried out to tomato plant after the step of pruning, specifically included following Operation：Remove the fruit that lopsided flower, odd fruit and size are not up to mean size.Malformed flower is due to depauperation, knot Fruit out may also can consume nutrient in deformity, extra flower, and therefore, malformed flower and extra Huadu must be removed；In addition, The fruit that malformed fruit and size are not up to mean size must also be removed, so, it is ensured that fruit is equal when subsequent fruit harvesting It is neat and well spaced neat.

In present embodiment, it should be noted that in hanging tendril and fall climing operation around operation that is climing, pruning with flower and fruit thinning Between one section of period periodically carry out.

(7) it falls climing

When due at the top of tomato plant strain growth to greenhouse, continued growth can cover sunlight, therefore also need after pruning It falls climing.In present embodiment, falls the climing following steps that are referred to and carry out：Hanging tendril is hooked up down using picking vehicle, discharges hanging tendril hook On part hanging tendril rope, and hanging tendril hook is moved into preset distance along horizontal direction.Specifically, it can use picking vehicle for hanging tendril It hooks up down, discharges 20-60cm hanging tendril rope, and hanging tendril hook is moved into a certain distance along horizontal direction, make tomato plant can be with Continue to wind along hanging tendril rope, is conducive to its growth and development.It should be noted that the length of release hanging tendril rope is not limited to 20- 60cm, the length can do adjustment appropriate depending on the growing state of tomato plant.In addition, in present embodiment, by hanging tendril hook edge The mobile preset distance of horizontal direction be 20-40cm.The preset distance of 20-40cm can usually guarantee the further life of tomato Long winding distance provides space for the further growth of tomato, to avoid limitation tomato plant strain growth.

(8) it pinches

Specifically, fall it is climing after further include：It before 3-5 weeks of predetermined collecting time, pinches, beats to tomato plant Top refers to the top branch for extracing plant.By pinching before harvesting to tomato plant, inhibits the nutrient growth of tomato, make The nutrients help that tomato plant absorbs more is used for the growth of fruit, to avoid apical dominance, namely plant is avoided to absorb Nutrition is mainly used for the growth of top branch, further increases the yield of tomato.Preferably, before 4 weeks of predetermined collecting time, It pinches to tomato plant.

(9) harvest and change crops cleaning

It should be noted that fall it is climing after, further include tamato fruit is harvested, tomato plant change crops it is clear The operation such as reason.

The harvesting of tamato fruit can select to carry out in the different growth period of tomato according to the difference of transportation range. In general, the growth phase of tamato fruit includes green mature phase, veraison, maturity period, full ripe stage etc..The so-called green mature phase refers specifically to fruit 7-10 days before real coloring, fruit is sufficiently grown up at this time, and fruit color is bleached by green, and seed development is basically completed；The veraison is 1-2 days before finger fruit all coloring, coloring, stained area account for about the 1/4 of fruit at the top of fruit at this time；The so-called maturity period refers to fruit Peculiar color, flavor is presented, it is suitable for eating raw as fruit that fruits nutrition value is high at this time；So-called full ripe stage, refers to fruit Pulp has softened, and fruit is high containing sugar at this time, can cook catsup or for collecting seed.

For the tomato of remote way transport, can be harvested in the green mature phase of fruit, the fruit in the green mature phase can be kept away Exempt to occur in transportational process it is damaged, also can be reserved for the long period.For the tomato of nearly way transport, can be carried out in fruit veraison Harvesting, the holding time of fruit is slightly shorter at this time.It, can be in the complete of fruit for the tomato of way close after market goods locally or packaging transport The ripe phase is harvested, not storage tolerance and the transport of the fruit in the maturity period.For being not intended to transport, for making catsup or adopting The tomato of kind, can be harvested in the full ripe stage of fruit.

In order to reach shipment standard, tomato need to be harvested when harvesting according to harvesting opportunity, in this way, can be to avoid tomato Damage guarantees tomato quality.

When change of crops cleaning, first the basal part of stem of tomato plant can be cut, dried 2-5 days, vines moisture is most of at this time Lost, lighter in weight is convenient to clean；Then by above tomato plant hanging tendril rope cut, can by tomato plant entrucking, It transports.

It is noted that harvesting tamato fruit is not limited to after falling climing operation.Because tomato plant lower layer Fruit can be first ripe, before falling climing operation, so that it may lower layer's fruit of tomato plant is harvested, avoid falling it is climing after it Be inconvenient to harvest afterwards.

The specific embodiment that two are referred to execute is given below to produce through testing according to following specific embodiments Tamato fruit size it is neat, fruit shape is regular, uniform color, maturity are consistent, and yield is high.

Embodiment 1

In seedling raising process, when tomato seedling has 2 true leaves, the nutrient solution EC value 1.0mS/cm of pouring is averagely poured weekly It fills 3 times, long to having 5 true leaves from tomato seedling, the nutrient solution EC value of pouring is 2.0mS/cm, averagely pours number weekly and is 2.5 secondary.When tomato seedling leaf length to 7 true leaves, tomato seedling is colonized.After field planting, when tomato plant height is Hanging tendril is carried out when 28cm.Hanging tendril rope length is 12m, it is wound 7m on hanging tendril hook, hanging tendril is hooked on tomato by picking vehicle Above plant and hanging tendril rope is made to hang down 4m.Around it is climing when tomato plant wound every 2 sections along hanging tendril rope it is primary.In point of plant Branch length is pruned when being 8cm, the base portion 1cm of the positional distance pruned tomato branch to be pruned.Picking is utilized when falling climing Vehicle hooks up down hanging tendril, discharges 35cm hanging tendril rope, and hanging tendril hook is moved 25cm along horizontal direction, allows tomato plant edge Hanging tendril rope continues to wind.Before 3 weeks of predetermined collecting time, pinch to tomato plant.For the fruit of remote way transport, It is harvested within 8 days before fruit color；For the fruit of nearly way transport, harvested within 2 days before fruit color.When change of crops cleaning, First the basal part of stem of tomato plant is cut, the hanging tendril rope above tomato plant is cut into simultaneously entrucking after sunning 3 days, is transported.

Embodiment 2

In seedling raising process, when tomato seedling has 3 true leaves, the nutrient solution EC value 1.5mS/cm of pouring is averagely poured weekly It fills 4 times, long to having 6 true leaves from tomato seedling, the nutrient solution EC value of pouring is 3.0mS/cm, averagely pours number weekly and is 3.5 secondary.When tomato seedling leaf length to 8 true leaves, tomato seedling is colonized.After field planting, when tomato plant height is Hanging tendril is carried out when 32cm.Hanging tendril rope length is 14m, it is wound 8m on hanging tendril hook, hanging tendril is hooked on tomato by picking vehicle Above plant and hanging tendril rope is made to hang down 5m.Around it is climing when tomato plant wound every 3 sections along hanging tendril rope it is primary.In point of plant Branch length is pruned when being 12cm, the base portion 2cm of the positional distance pruned tomato branch to be pruned.Picking is utilized when falling climing Vehicle hooks up down hanging tendril, discharges 45cm hanging tendril rope, and hanging tendril hook is moved 35cm along horizontal direction, allows tomato plant edge Hanging tendril rope continues to wind.Before 4 weeks of predetermined collecting time, pinch to tomato plant.For the fruit of remote way transport, It is harvested within 9 days before fruit color；For the fruit of nearly way transport, harvested within 1 day before fruit color.When change of crops cleaning, First the basal part of stem of tomato plant is cut, the hanging tendril rope above tomato plant is cut into simultaneously entrucking after sunning 4 days, is transported.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the respective embodiments described above are to realize specific embodiments of the present invention, And in practical applications, can to it, various changes can be made in the form and details, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of tomato planting method, including nursery, field planting, hanging tendril, prune, fall climing and harvesting, which is characterized in that is described to beat The base portion 1-5cm of the positional distance of wooden fork tomato branch to be pruned.

2. tomato planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the positional distance pruned kind to be pruned Eggplant branch base portion 1-2cm.

3. tomato planting method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the mode pruned is：To tomato plant It prunes every one, the branch length pruned in tomato plant is the progress of 5-15cm when, and the sequence pruned is： Healthy and strong disease-free plant is first beaten, then beats the plant to catch an illness, has been beaten after the plant to catch an illness, has first been carried out disinfection to scissors and lay one again Plant.

4. tomato planting method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that when beating the plant to catch an illness, first beat infected plant Old leaf and yellow leaf, then beat the sick leaf of infected plant.

5. tomato planting method described in -4 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that before described prune further include around climing, It is described to be specifically included around climing：Tomato plant is wound along hanging tendril rope, primary every the winding of predetermined joint number, the predetermined joint number is 2-3 section.

6. tomato planting method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that further include that flower thinning is dredged after described prune Fruit, the flower and fruit thinning specifically include：Remove the fruit that lopsided flower, odd fruit and size are not up to mean size.