CN113632670A - Cherry orchard pest control technology - Google Patents
Cherry orchard pest control technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN113632670A CN113632670A CN202110887702.6A CN202110887702A CN113632670A CN 113632670 A CN113632670 A CN 113632670A CN 202110887702 A CN202110887702 A CN 202110887702A CN 113632670 A CN113632670 A CN 113632670A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit planting, in particular to a cherry orchard pest control technology; the method comprises the following steps: s1, selecting rootstocks with strong disease resistance; s2, selecting a seedling raising base; s3, preventing root cancer; s4, enhancing the soil, fertilizer and water management of the orchard; s5, pest control of cherry trees in the orchard; according to the invention, through carrying out comprehensive and systematic experimental research on the occurrence rule, the damage condition and the prevention and treatment measures of main plant diseases and insect pests such as cherry crown gall, cherry gummosis, cherry brown spot, fruit flies, tea bug, mulberry scale and the like of large cherries, different protection measures are researched aiming at different diseases and insect disasters, so that the protection on the large cherries can be increased, the implementation in a large range can be facilitated, and meanwhile, the protection effect is higher, the probability of causing the plant diseases and insect pests in cherry orchards is greatly reduced, and the normal use of the cherries can be ensured through the selected medicaments which are high-efficiency pollution-free medicaments, so that the healthy and strong growth of the cherries is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit planting, in particular to a cherry orchard pest control technology.
Background
The large cherry is a special fruit tree species with the advantage of the natural water, and the produced fruit has bright color, delicious and sweet taste, is early on the market, is praised as a treasure in the fruit and is deeply loved by consumers. The large cherry has high cultivation benefit, and the general market retail price is about 20 yuan/kg. In recent years, under the guidance of high importance of governments at all levels and business departments, large cherries develop rapidly, and a plurality of thousand-mu cherry bases and hundred-mu cherry bases are built in the sky water at present. By 2014, the area of the cherries with large water has been developed to 7.9 ten thousand mu, wherein the area of the cherries with large water has a fruiting area of 4.8 ten thousand mu, the total yield reaches 2.3 ten thousand tons, the output value is more than 4 hundred million, and the division of the cherries by the Chinese horticulture academy in 2012 is regarded as a production base of the high-quality large cherries all over the country. The brand of Tianshui 'Tianyi large cherry' has higher popularity in domestic markets, and products are sold in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other domestic large and medium cities. With the improvement of the benefit of the large cherries and the continuous increase of the market demand, the planting area of the large cherries is continuously enlarged. Large cherry production has become an important underpinning industry that promotes increased income for farmers and economic development in rural areas.
With the continuous expansion of the cultivation area, the occurrence of large cherry plant diseases and insect pests is getting more serious, the main plant diseases and insect pests which are seriously harmful in the current production include cherry crown gall, cherry gummosis, cherry brown spot, fruit fly, stinkbug, mulberry white scale and the like, most fruit growers do not master the main plant disease and insect pest control technology of the cherry orchard and do not effectively control the plant diseases and insect pests, or the control is carried out, but the effect is poor, so that the damage of the plant diseases and insect pests is serious, and meanwhile, the occurrence of the diseases and insect pests causes weak tree vigor and early leaf fall due to the fact that the cherry crown gall, the gummosis, the brown spot and the mulberry white scale are serious, so that the flower bud differentiation is influenced, the yield and the quality of fruits are reduced, and the economic benefit of large cherries is seriously influenced due to the occurrence of the diseases and insect pests.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a technology for preventing and treating diseases and pests in a cherry orchard, which is characterized in that through comprehensive and systematic experimental research on occurrence rules, damage conditions and prevention measures of main diseases and pests such as cherry crown gall, cherry gummosis, cherry brown spot, fruit flies, tea wing bugs, mulberry white scales and the like of large cherries, different protection measures are researched aiming at different diseases and pests, so that the protection on the large cherries can be increased, the large-scale implementation can be facilitated, meanwhile, the high protection effect is achieved, the probability of the diseases and pests in the cherry orchard is greatly reduced, and the selected medicaments are high-efficiency pollution-free medicaments, so that the normal use of the cherries can be ensured, and the healthy growth of the cherries can be ensured.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a cherry orchard pest control technology comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting rootstocks with strong disease resistance: preferably, the stock is selected for tissue culture and propagation.
S2, selecting a seedling raising base: the cherry seedling culture method is characterized in that a land where fruit trees are not planted is selected as a seedling culture base, so that continuous cropping seedling culture is avoided; the seedlings are prohibited to be transported from the cherry root cancer occurrence area.
S3, prevention of root cancer: the root of the stock seedling without disease is soaked in 1% copper sulfate for 5 min or in 200 times of 1.8% benziothiazolinone solution for 5 min before being planted to eliminate the germs on the root surface.
S4, strengthening garden soil fertilizer and water management: organic fertilizer is additionally applied to the orchard, and acid fertilizer and medium-trace element fertilizer are properly applied to ensure that the soil environment is not beneficial to the growth of pathogenic bacteria; deep ploughing of the orchard in autumn emphasizes the deep ploughing of the tree disk part, preferably ploughing once per year, so as to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, enhance the permeability of the soil, promote the growth of roots, keep the trees robust and enhance the disease resistance of the trees, particularly the roots.
And S5, pest control of cherry trees in the orchard.
The invention is further configured to: in step S3, the diseased seedlings are checked and eliminated continuously after the finished seedlings are out of nursery and before field planting, the seedlings are soaked in the same chemical and then planted, and the seedlings field planted by adopting the preventive measure are treated by chemical root-irrigation once every 6 middle-ten-month.
The invention is further configured to: in the step S5, the method for preventing and treating gummosis in a cherry orchard comprises the following steps:
the management of fertilizer and water is enhanced, the fertilizer is scientifically used, the tree vigor is enhanced, and the disease resistance of the tree body is improved; before cherry tree buds sprout, spraying 5 Baume lime sulfur mixture on the whole cherry tree to eradicate gummosis germs on the bark shallow layer; scientific pruning is needed, timely thinning and retracting are noticed in the growing season, few thinning branches are pruned in winter, branch and trunk wounds are reduced, and a wound healing agent is coated on a large wound for protection; paying attention to flower thinning and fruit thinning, reducing the load in the growing season, and enhancing the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests such as peach bark beetles, longicorn, root cancer, root rot, brown spot and the like; the scab is curetted, the gummosis scar should be timely scraped off from the gummosis occurring branches, 1.8 times of benziothiazolinone 2 times of liquid is smeared on the wound, and sodium dichloroisocyanurate, hydrogen peroxide and other medicaments can be selected.
The invention is further configured to: in the step S5, the method for controlling cherry orchard brown spot disease is as follows:
the cultivation management is enhanced, the tree vigor is enhanced, organic fertilizer is added, the trees grow strongly, the disease resistance of the trees is improved, water is drained in time after rain in an orchard is made, and the humidity of the orchard is reduced; reasonably trimming, and paying attention to improving ventilation and light transmission conditions among rows and in crowns of the orchard; the yield is controlled, the load is reasonable, and the trees are prevented from being weakened due to excessive results; after cleaning the garden, fallen leaves and pruning are performed, the fallen leaves and branches are cleaned in time, and the quantity of orchard diseases and bacteria is reduced; preventing and treating diseases with the medicament.
The invention is further configured to: the method for preventing and treating the medicament comprises the following steps:
before cherry sprouts, spraying 3-5 Baume lime sulfur mixture or other bactericide for 1 time in the whole garden to eradicate various overwintering germs; spraying systemic bactericide once every 15-20 days from last 6 months in the whole garden, wherein the pesticide can be selected from benziothiazolinone, tebuconazole, difenoconazole, and apohydantoin.
The invention is further configured to: various biocides can be used interchangeably.
The invention is further configured to: in the step S5, the method for controlling fruit flies in a cherry orchard comprises:
artificial prevention and control: before the sweet cherries are ripe, rotten fruits at the edge of an orchard, beside a fruit warehouse and the like are removed, and fallen fruits, cracked fruits, sick and insect-infected fruits and other defective fruits are timely removed in the ripe period of the sweet cherries.
Fruit bagging: bagging is carried out before the fruit is ripe.
Physical control: utilizing sugar-vinegar liquid and the like to trap and kill adult fruit flies, placing and hanging the sugar-vinegar liquid in the field 7-10 days before the red light variety of the sweet cherry is mature, when the adult fruit flies continuously move in the field, namely 5 months and 11-13 days, placing and hanging the prepared sugar-vinegar liquid in a plastic basin with the inlet diameter of about 20cm and the depth of about 8cm, 400 ml of the sugar-vinegar liquid is contained in each basin, arranging a rain-proof cover or arranging rain-proof plastic cloth above the basin mouth, hanging the sugar-vinegar liquid at the shade position under the tree, 10-15 positions per mu, hanging most of the sugar-vinegar liquid at the position close to the ground, hanging the minority of the sugar-vinegar liquid at the positions 1m and 1.5m away from the ground, killing the adult insects caught every day and killing or deeply burying, supplementing the trapping and killing liquid periodically to keep the concentration of the adult fruit flies all the time, and not placing the sugar-vinegar liquid after the harvest is finished.
Chemical control: chemical control is divided into on-book control and ground control.
When the sugar and vinegar liquid is hung in a control garden, the pure plant insecticide, namely 2.5 percent matrine aqueous solution, is sprayed on the tree once for 1000 times, the pure plant insecticide is sprayed once again about 6 months and 1 day, the prepared 3 percent sugar and vinegar liquid is added into the spraying liquid medicine, and the inner cavity part is sprayed on each tree in a key mode during spraying.
When the ground control is adopted, while the on-tree control is adopted, the pollution-free insecticide pesticide is sprayed on the ground of an orchard and the weed-bunch positions on a ridge of the ground, the pesticide is sprayed once every 10 days after the first pesticide application, the pesticide is selected to have 2.0% of abamectin EC4000 times, 0.3% of matrine 1000 times and 40% of lesben EC1500 times, only the weed-bunch positions are sprayed during the pesticide spraying, the grass-free ground is not sprayed, and 3% of sugar-vinegar liquid is added into the pesticide liquid every time.
Harvesting at the right time: the cherries are harvested in time after being mature to avoid the harm of fruit flies, and the cherries are concentrated in a connected orchard, so that all measures are required to be implemented uniformly.
The invention is further configured to: the preparation method of the sugar-vinegar liquid comprises the following steps: according to the sugar: vinegar: fruit wine: orange juice: water = 1.5: 1: 1: 1: 10, and (3) preparing.
The invention is further configured to: in the step S5, the method for controlling the lygus sinensis comprises the following steps:
manual trapping and killing: the adult insects are manually killed before overwintering and when the adult insects crawl and stay on the wall surface in a hibernating period.
And (3) preventing and treating by using a medicament: spraying high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue and short-residual period pollution-free pesticide on trees, spraying the pesticide once every 10 days for 2-3 times, wherein the following pesticide can be selected: 2.5% of beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable 2000 times, 1% of emamectin benzoate emulsifiable 2000 times and 1% of matrine aqueous agent 1000 times.
Fruit bagging: bagging the fruits in the young fruit period.
The invention is further configured to: in step S5, the method for preventing and treating the mealybugs in the cherry orchard comprises the following steps:
plant quarantine: the white mealybugs are mostly damaged on branches and trunks, and the transfer of scions and seedlings is the main propagation path, so that the quarantine of plants is strengthened, and the seedlings with pests are prevented from being introduced into a new orchard and spread;
artificial prevention and control: pruning in winter and summer to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of tree bodies, increase the illumination of an orchard, worsen the living environment of the white mealybugs, prune partial branches with insects, clear up the branches out of the orchard and reduce the number of insects in the orchard.
The branches and trunks of the white mulberry scale are brushed to remove the white mulberry scale insects by using a bristle brush, a thin steel wire brush and the like, clear water is sprayed on the trees in winter, and the branches are knocked or vibrated by using a wooden stick when the trees are frozen to shake the branches and the white mulberry scale insects together.
And (3) preventing and treating by using a medicament: before the fruit tree sprouts, spraying 5 Baume lime sulphur mixture on the whole tree in the bud slight exposure white period for preventing and treating; spraying the pesticide once in the whole garden from 5 months at the end of 4 months to the beginning of the first-generation egg hatching period and nymph period, and spraying the efficient pesticide with long residual effect period and strong permeability once in the second-generation egg hatching period from 7 to 8 months.
And (3) natural enemies are protected: the natural enemy resources of the mealybugs are more, the mealybugs mainly comprise coccinella septempunctata, harmonia axyridis, black-edged red coccinella, red-spotted ladybug, parasitic wasps, lacewings and the like, and the mealybugs are prevented and controlled by protecting natural enemies.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the known public technology, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, through carrying out comprehensive and systematic experimental research on the occurrence rule, the damage condition and the prevention and treatment measures of main plant diseases and insect pests such as cherry crown gall, cherry gummosis, cherry brown spot, fruit flies, tea bug, mulberry scale and the like of large cherries, different protection measures are researched aiming at different diseases and insect disasters, so that the protection on the large cherries can be increased, the implementation in a large range can be facilitated, and meanwhile, the protection effect is higher, the probability of causing the plant diseases and insect pests in cherry orchards is greatly reduced, and the normal use of the cherries can be ensured through the selected medicaments which are high-efficiency pollution-free medicaments, so that the healthy and strong growth of the cherries is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a cherry orchard pest control technology.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; furthermore, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, as they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a cherry orchard pest control technology comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting rootstocks with strong disease resistance: preferably, the stock is selected for tissue culture and propagation.
S2, selecting a seedling raising base: the cherry seedling culture method is characterized in that a land where fruit trees are not planted is selected as a seedling culture base, so that continuous cropping seedling culture is avoided; the seedlings are prohibited to be transported from the cherry root cancer occurrence area.
S3, prevention of root cancer: the root of the stock seedling without disease is soaked in 1% copper sulfate for 5 min or in 200 times of 1.8% benziothiazolinone solution for 5 min before being planted to eliminate the germs on the root surface.
And (3) continuously checking and eliminating diseased seedlings before field planting after the finished seedlings are out of the nursery, soaking the seedlings in the same medicament and then planting the seedlings, and performing medicament root irrigation prevention treatment on the seedlings after field planting in 6 ten days every year by adopting the preventive measure.
S4, strengthening garden soil fertilizer and water management: organic fertilizer is additionally applied to the orchard, and acid fertilizer and medium-trace element fertilizer are properly applied to ensure that the soil environment is not beneficial to the growth of pathogenic bacteria; deep ploughing of the orchard in autumn emphasizes the deep ploughing of the tree disk part, preferably ploughing once per year, so as to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, enhance the permeability of the soil, promote the growth of roots, keep the trees robust and enhance the disease resistance of the trees, particularly the roots.
And S5, pest control of cherry trees in the orchard.
In the step S5, the method for preventing and treating gummosis in a cherry orchard comprises the following steps:
the management of fertilizer and water is enhanced, the fertilizer is scientifically used, the tree vigor is enhanced, and the disease resistance of the tree body is improved; before cherry tree buds sprout, spraying 5 Baume lime sulfur mixture on the whole cherry tree to eradicate gummosis germs on the bark shallow layer; scientific pruning is needed, timely thinning and retracting are noticed in the growing season, few thinning branches are pruned in winter, branch and trunk wounds are reduced, and a wound healing agent is coated on a large wound for protection; paying attention to flower thinning and fruit thinning, reducing the load in the growing season, and enhancing the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests such as peach bark beetles, longicorn, root cancer, root rot, brown spot and the like; the scab is curetted, the gummosis scar should be timely scraped off from the gummosis occurring branches, 1.8 times of benziothiazolinone 2 times of liquid is smeared on the wound, and sodium dichloroisocyanurate, hydrogen peroxide and other medicaments can be selected.
In the step S5, the method for controlling cherry orchard brown spot disease is as follows:
the cultivation management is enhanced, the tree vigor is enhanced, organic fertilizer is added, the trees grow strongly, the disease resistance of the trees is improved, water is drained in time after rain in an orchard is made, and the humidity of the orchard is reduced; reasonably trimming, and paying attention to improving ventilation and light transmission conditions among rows and in crowns of the orchard; the yield is controlled, the load is reasonable, and the trees are prevented from being weakened due to excessive results; after cleaning the garden, fallen leaves and pruning are performed, the fallen leaves and branches are cleaned in time, and the quantity of orchard diseases and bacteria is reduced; and (3) preventing and treating by using a medicament: before the cherry sprouts, spraying 5 Baume lime sulfur mixture or other bactericide for 1 time in the whole garden to eradicate various overwintering germs; spraying systemic bactericide once every 17 days from the last 6 months in the whole garden, wherein various bactericides can be alternately used, and the medicaments can be selected from benziothiazolinone, tebuconazole, difenoconazole, apohydantoin and the like.
In the step S5, the method for controlling fruit flies in a cherry orchard comprises:
artificial prevention and control: before the sweet cherries are ripe, rotten fruits at the edge of an orchard, beside a fruit warehouse and the like are removed, and fallen fruits, cracked fruits, insect-disease fruits and other defective fruits are timely removed in the ripe period of the sweet cherries;
fruit bagging: bagging is carried out before the fruit is ripe.
Physical control: utilizing sugar-vinegar liquid and the like to trap and kill fruit fly adults, placing and hanging the sugar-vinegar liquid in the field 8 days before the sweet cherry red light variety is mature, placing the prepared sugar-vinegar liquid into plastic pots with the opening diameter of 20cm and the depth of 8cm when the fruit fly adults continuously move in the field, namely 5 months and 12 days, placing 450ml of the sugar-vinegar liquid in the field, arranging a rain-proof cover or arranging rain-proof plastic cloth above the pot opening, hanging the fruit fly adults at the shade position under the tree, hanging 15 parts per mu, mostly at the position close to the ground, hanging a few of the fruit fly adults at the position 1m and 1.5m away from the ground, fishing out the trapped adults every day to kill or bury deeply, supplementing the trapping and killing liquid regularly to keep the fruit fly adults at the original concentration all the time, and not placing the sugar-vinegar liquid after the harvest of the cherries is finished.
Chemical control: chemical control is divided into on-book control and ground control.
When the sugar and vinegar liquid is hung in a control garden, the pure plant insecticide, namely 2.5 percent matrine aqueous solution, is sprayed once for 1000 times of the tree, the sugar and vinegar liquid is sprayed once every 1 day in 6 months, the prepared 3 percent sugar and vinegar liquid is added into the spraying liquid medicine, and the inner cavity part of each tree is sprayed in a key way when the sugar and vinegar liquid is sprayed.
When the ground control is adopted, while the on-tree control is adopted, the pollution-free insecticide pesticide is sprayed on the ground of an orchard and the weed-bunch positions on a ridge of the ground, the pesticide is sprayed once every 10 days after the first pesticide application, the pesticide is selected to have 2.0% of abamectin EC4000 times, 0.3% of matrine 1000 times and 40% of lesben EC1500 times, only the weed-bunch positions are sprayed during the pesticide spraying, the grass-free ground is not sprayed, and 3% of sugar-vinegar liquid is added into the pesticide liquid every time.
Harvesting at the right time: the cherries are harvested in time after being mature to avoid the harm of fruit flies, and the cherries are concentrated in a connected orchard, so that all measures are required to be implemented uniformly.
The preparation method of the sugar-vinegar liquid comprises the following steps: according to the sugar: vinegar: fruit wine: orange juice: water = 1.5: 1: 1: 1: 10, and (3) preparing.
The prevention and treatment method of the cherry orchard tea bug comprises the following steps:
manual trapping and killing: the adult insects are manually killed before overwintering and when the adult insects crawl and stay on the wall surface in a hibernating period.
And (3) preventing and treating by using a medicament: spraying high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue and short-residual period pollution-free pesticide on trees, spraying the pesticide every 10 days for 3 times, wherein the pesticide can be selected from the following medicaments: 2.5% of beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable 2000 times, 1% of emamectin benzoate emulsifiable 2000 times and 1% of matrine aqueous agent 1000 times.
Fruit bagging: bagging the fruits in the young fruit period.
In step S5, the method for preventing and treating the mealybugs in the cherry orchard comprises the following steps:
plant quarantine: the white mealybugs are mostly damaged on branches and trunks, and the transfer of scions and seedlings is the main propagation path, so that the quarantine of plants is strengthened, and the seedlings with pests are prevented from being introduced into a new orchard and spread.
Artificial prevention and control: pruning in winter and summer to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of tree bodies, increase the illumination of an orchard, worsen the living environment of the white mealybugs, prune partial branches with insects, clear up the branches out of the orchard and reduce the number of insects in the orchard.
The branches and trunks of the white mulberry scale are brushed to remove the white mulberry scale insects by using a bristle brush, a thin steel wire brush and the like, clear water is sprayed on the trees in winter, and the branches are knocked or vibrated by using a wooden stick when the trees are frozen to shake the branches and the white mulberry scale insects together.
And (3) preventing and treating by using a medicament: before the fruit tree sprouts, spraying 5 Baume lime sulphur mixture on the whole tree in the bud slight exposure white period for preventing and treating; spraying the pesticide once in the whole garden from 5 months at the end of 4 months to the beginning of the first-generation egg hatching period and nymph period, and spraying the efficient pesticide with long residual effect period and strong permeability once in the second-generation egg hatching period from 7 to 8 months.
And (3) natural enemies are protected: the natural enemy resources of the mealybugs are more, the mealybugs mainly comprise coccinella septempunctata, harmonia axyridis, black-edged red coccinella, red-spotted ladybug, parasitic wasps, lacewings and the like, and the mealybugs are prevented and controlled by protecting natural enemies.
According to the invention, through carrying out comprehensive and systematic experimental research on the occurrence rule, the damage condition and the prevention and treatment measures of main plant diseases and insect pests such as cherry crown gall, cherry gummosis, cherry brown spot, fruit flies, tea bug, mulberry scale and the like of large cherries, different protection measures are researched aiming at different diseases and insect disasters, so that the protection on the large cherries can be increased, the implementation in a large range can be facilitated, and meanwhile, the protection effect is higher, the probability of causing the plant diseases and insect pests in cherry orchards is greatly reduced, and the normal use of the cherries can be ensured through the selected medicaments which are high-efficiency pollution-free medicaments, so that the healthy and strong growth of the cherries is ensured.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.
Claims (10)
1. A cherry orchard pest control technology comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting rootstocks with strong disease resistance: preferably selecting rootstocks for tissue culture and breeding;
s2, selecting a seedling raising base: the cherry seedling culture method is characterized in that a land where fruit trees are not planted is selected as a seedling culture base, so that continuous cropping seedling culture is avoided; strictly forbidding the transportation of seedlings from the cherry root cancer occurrence area;
s3, prevention of root cancer: carefully checking before planting stock seedlings, eliminating diseased seedlings, soaking roots of the disease-free stock seedlings for 5 minutes by using 1% copper sulfate, or soaking the roots of the disease-free stock seedlings for 5 minutes by using 200 times of 1.8% benziothiazolinone, and then planting the disease-free stock seedlings to kill germs on the surfaces of the roots;
s4, strengthening garden soil fertilizer and water management: organic fertilizer is additionally applied to the orchard, and acid fertilizer and medium-trace element fertilizer are properly applied to ensure that the soil environment is not beneficial to the growth of pathogenic bacteria; deeply ploughing an orchard in autumn, emphasizing a tree disc part, preferably ploughing deeply once every year so as to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, enhance the permeability of the soil, promote the growth of roots, keep the trees robust and enhance the disease resistance of the trees, particularly the roots;
and S5, pest control of cherry trees in the orchard.
2. The cherry orchard pest control technology according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, eliminated seedlings are continuously checked after the finished seedlings are out of nursery and before field planting, the seedlings are soaked with the same agent and planted, and the seedlings after field planting adopting the preventive measure are treated by chemical root irrigation once in 6 th of a year.
3. A cherry orchard pest control technology according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the cherry orchard gummosis control method is as follows:
the management of fertilizer and water is enhanced, the fertilizer is scientifically used, the tree vigor is enhanced, and the disease resistance of the tree body is improved; before cherry tree buds sprout, spraying 5 Baume lime sulfur mixture on the whole cherry tree; scientific pruning is carried out, timely thinning and retracting in growing season are noticed, few thinning branches are pruned in winter, branch and trunk wounds are reduced, and a wound healing agent is coated on a large wound for protection; paying attention to flower thinning and fruit thinning, reducing the load in the growing season, and enhancing the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests such as peach bark beetles, longicorn, root cancer, root rot, brown spot and the like; the scab is curetted, the gummosis scar should be timely scraped off from the gummosis occurring branches, 1.8 times of benziothiazolinone 2 times of liquid is smeared on the wound, and sodium dichloroisocyanurate, hydrogen peroxide and other medicaments can be selected.
4. A cherry orchard pest control technology according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the control method of cherry orchard brown spot is as follows:
the cultivation management is strengthened, the tree vigor is enhanced, organic fertilizer is applied, water is drained in time after the orchard is rained, and the humidity of the orchard is reduced; reasonably trimming, and paying attention to improving ventilation and light transmission conditions among rows and in crowns of the orchard; controlling the yield and reasonably loading; cleaning gardens, fallen leaves and pruning in time; preventing and treating diseases with the medicament.
5. The cherry orchard pest control technology according to claim 4, wherein the method for controlling the agent is as follows:
before cherry sprouts, spraying 3-5 Baume lime sulfur mixture or other bactericide for 1 time in the whole garden to eradicate various overwintering germs; spraying systemic bactericide once every 15-20 days from last 6 months in the whole garden, wherein the pesticide can be selected from benziothiazolinone, tebuconazole, difenoconazole, and apohydantoin.
6. The cherry orchard pest control technology according to claim 5, wherein various bactericides can be used alternately.
7. The cherry orchard pest control technology according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the method for controlling the fruit flies in the cherry orchard is as follows:
artificial prevention and control: before the sweet cherries are ripe, rotten fruits at the edge of an orchard, beside a fruit warehouse and the like are removed, and fallen fruits, cracked fruits, insect-disease fruits and other defective fruits are timely removed in the ripe period of the sweet cherries;
fruit bagging: bagging the fruits before the fruits are ripe;
physical control: utilizing sugar-vinegar liquid and the like to trap and kill adult fruit flies, placing and suspending the sugar-vinegar liquid in the field 7-10 days before the red light variety of the sweet cherry is mature, when the adult fruit flies continuously move in the field, namely 5 months and 11-13 days, placing and suspending the prepared sugar-vinegar liquid in a plastic basin with the inlet diameter of about 20cm and the depth of about 8cm, 400 ml of the sugar-vinegar liquid is contained in each basin, arranging a rain-proof cover or arranging rain-proof plastic cloth above the basin mouth, suspending the sugar-vinegar liquid at the shade position under the tree, 10-15 positions per mu, suspending most of the sugar-vinegar liquid at the position close to the ground, suspending a few of the sugar-vinegar liquid at the positions 1m and 1.5m away from the ground, killing the adult insects caught every day to kill or bury deeply, supplementing the trapping liquid periodically to keep the trapping liquid at the original concentration all the time, and not placing the sugar-vinegar liquid after the harvest of the cherry is finished;
chemical control: chemical control is divided into on-book control and ground control;
when the on-tree prevention and control is adopted, the sugar-vinegar liquid is hung in a prevention and control garden, simultaneously, the pure plant insecticide of 2.5 percent matrine aqua is sprayed once by 1000 times, the spraying is carried out once again about 6 months and 1 day, the prepared 3 percent sugar-vinegar liquid is added into the spraying liquid medicine, and the inner chamber part is sprayed in each tree in a key way when the spraying is carried out;
when the ground control is adopted, while the on-tree control is adopted, the pollution-free insecticide pesticide is sprayed on the ground of an orchard and the weed-bunch positions on the ground ridges, the pesticide is sprayed once every 10 days after the first pesticide application, the selected pesticide has 2.0 percent of abamectin EC4000 times, 0.3 percent of matrine 1000 times and 40 percent of lesiben EC1500 times, only the weed-bunch positions are sprayed during the pesticide spraying, the grass-free ground can not be sprayed, and 3 percent of sugar-vinegar liquid is also added into the pesticide liquid every time;
harvesting at the right time: the cherries are harvested in time after being mature, so that fruit flies are prevented from being damaged, and the cherries are concentrated in a connected orchard, so that all measures are required to be implemented uniformly.
8. The cherry orchard pest control technology according to claim 7, wherein the preparation method of the sugar-vinegar solution comprises the following steps: according to the sugar: vinegar: fruit wine: orange juice: water = 1.5: 1: 1: 1: 10, and (3) preparing.
9. The cherry orchard pest control technology according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the method for controlling the cherry orchard tea bug comprises the following steps:
manual trapping and killing: manually killing the imagoes before overwintering and when the imagoes crawl and stay on the wall surface in a hibernating period;
and (3) preventing and treating by using a medicament: spraying high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue and short-residual period pollution-free pesticide on trees, spraying the pesticide once every 10 days for 2-3 times, wherein the following pesticide can be selected: 2.5 percent of beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable 2000 times, 1 percent of emamectin benzoate emulsifiable 2000 times and 1 percent of matrine aqueous agent 1000 times;
fruit bagging: bagging the fruits in the young fruit period.
10. A cherry orchard pest control technology according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the control method of the mealybugs in the cherry orchard is as follows:
plant quarantine: the white mealybugs are mostly damaged on branches and trunks, and the transfer of scions and seedlings is the main propagation path, so that the quarantine of plants is strengthened, and the seedlings with pests are prevented from being introduced into a new orchard and spread;
artificial prevention and control: pruning in winter and summer to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of tree bodies, increase the illumination of orchards, worsen the living environment of the white mealybugs, prune partial branches with the worms and clear the branches out of the garden;
brushing off the insects of the branches and the trunks of the mulberries with a scrubbing brush, a thin steel wire brush and the like, spraying clear water on the trees in winter when the trees are cold, knocking the branches or vibrating the branches with a wooden stick when the trees are frozen, and vibrating the branches and the bodies of the mulberries and the insects to fall off;
and (3) preventing and treating by using a medicament: before the fruit tree sprouts, spraying 5 Baume lime sulphur mixture on the whole tree in the bud slight exposure white period for preventing and treating; spraying the pesticide once in the whole garden from 5 months at the end of 4 months to the beginning of the first-generation egg hatching period and nymph period, and spraying the efficient pesticide with long residual effect period and strong permeability once in the second-generation egg hatching period from 7 to 8 months;
and (3) natural enemies are protected: the natural enemy resources of the mealybugs are more, the mealybugs mainly comprise coccinella septempunctata, harmonia axyridis, black-edged red coccinella, red-spotted ladybug, parasitic wasps, lacewings and the like, and the mealybugs are prevented and controlled by protecting natural enemies.
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