CN114451198A - Comprehensive prevention and control technology for walnut diseases and insect pests - Google Patents
Comprehensive prevention and control technology for walnut diseases and insect pests Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive prevention and control technology for walnut plant diseases and insect pests, and relates to the technical field of walnut planting. The method comprises the following steps: s1, soil turning and insect killing: deeply turning over the tree tray in winter and spring, and disinfecting the soil; s2, trimming: changing the density of branches with overlarge density into the density of branches, and manually cleaning the damaged branches; s3, fertilizing; s4, catching and killing pests; s5, application: the method comprises the following steps of first germination, flowering and fruit bearing application: spraying an insect-proof agent once before germination, spraying the insect-proof agent before and after flowering, spraying the insect-proof agent before disease attack during fruit bearing, and spraying chlorothalonil bactericide during disease attack; killing insects on the second trunk; s6, cleaning; s7, control in the dormancy stage. According to the invention, a complete system of walnut pest and disease damage comprehensive prevention and control is formed by soil turning, pest killing, trimming, fertilization, pest killing, pesticide application, cleaning and dormant period prevention and control, so that the pest and disease damage prevention and control can be comprehensively and effectively carried out on walnuts, the growth environment of the walnuts is more harmless, and the growth quality of the walnuts is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of walnut planting, in particular to a comprehensive prevention and control technology for walnut plant diseases and insect pests.
Background
Walnut, also called walnut and walnut, is the most widely cultivated one at home and abroad. Deciduous trees generally have a height of 10-20 m, up to 30 m, a trunk diameter of about 1 m, a service life of one or two hundred years, and a maximum length of 500 years. The crown is big and open, and is semicircular or round-head-shaped, and the diameter reaches 6-9 meters. The bark is gray to black brown, the bark of the young tree is smooth, and the old tree has irregular shallow longitudinal cracks. The branches are thick and smooth, the tender branches are green when growing, can be slightly red in early spring, and become bright gray or grey brown after stopping growing, and are white skin holes. The annual branch has a large medulla and a soft xylem, and then gradually becomes smaller with the increase of age. The leaves are odd feathery compound leaves which grow mutually and grow by 30-40 cm, the compound leaf stems are circular, the base parts are enlarged with gland points, and the leaf marks are large and triangular after falling off. 5-9 small leaves, which are in an oblong shape, an inverted oval shape or a wide ellipse shape, have short handles, tip tips with slight protrusions, leaf margin with full edges or slight sawteeth, walnut kernels contain rich nutrients, each hundred grams of the walnut kernels contain 15-20 grams of protein, more fat and 10 grams of carbohydrate, and contain various trace elements and mineral substances such as calcium, phosphorus, iron and the like necessary for a human body, and various vitamins such as carotene, riboflavin and the like, are beneficial to the human body, and are one of nut foods popular with common people. The walnut has hard shell and needs to be broken for eating, and in recent years, although the walnut is planted in a large scale, the walnut is affected by plant diseases and insect pests, the planting quality is not obviously improved, and therefore effective prevention and control of the plant diseases and insect pests of the walnut are needed.
In the prior art, the traditional walnut prevention and control technology adopts corresponding prevention and control measures to prevent and control the plant diseases and insect pests according to the plant diseases and insect pests of the walnut, so that the prevention and control has delay, the damage is brought to the walnut, the prevention and control is not comprehensive, the prevention and control effect is not good, and the comprehensive, effective and comprehensive prevention and control of the plant diseases and insect pests cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a walnut disease and pest integrated prevention and control technology to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a walnut pest and disease damage comprehensive prevention and control technology comprises the following steps:
s1, digging soil to kill insects: deeply turning over the tree tray in winter and spring, disinfecting soil, eliminating worm eggs and worm pupae in the soil, and removing weeds;
s2, trimming: changing the density of branches with overlarge density into thin branches, manually cleaning the damaged branches, requiring nursery stocks to be cut downwards until no worm ways exist, and killing or burning the branches by larvae in time;
s3, fertilizing: applying decomposed organic fertilizer in early spring, and applying a phosphate fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a plant ash mixed fertilizer;
s4, pest killing: adopting a larva killing lamp to kill pests;
s5, application: the method comprises the following steps of first germination, flowering and fruit bearing application: spraying an insect-proof agent once before germination, spraying the insect-proof agent once every 10-15 days for 2-3 times continuously, spraying the insect-proof agent again before and after blooming, spraying the insect-proof agent once every 5-10 days for 2-3 times continuously, spraying the insect-proof agent before disease occurrence during fruit bearing, spraying chlorothalonil bactericide once every 15-20 days during disease occurrence, and spraying the insect-proof agent for 2-3 times continuously;
killing insects on a second trunk: when the trunk is found to have wormholes, the wormholes are punched, the insecticide is injected into the wormholes by a large-size injector, and the wormholes are sealed by wet soil;
s6, cleaning: after the walnuts are harvested, cleaning fallen fruits, fallen leaves, dry branches and diseased branches in time, and deeply burying or intensively destroying the walnuts;
s7, control in the dormancy stage: the base of the trunk is scraped and a protective coating is applied to the base of the trunk.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S1, the paraquat which is 0.5 in proportion is used for soil disinfection and mixed with the dry fine soil, and the mixture is evenly mixed and then is gently raked into the surface soil.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S2, the disinfected cutter is used for cutting the withered branches and leaves and the rotten branches and leaves of the walnuts, the cutter disinfection is carried out by boiling 57min-7min in high-temperature boiling water, and the cut of the pruned branches and stems is coated with the protective agent.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S3, the ratio of the phosphate fertilizer to the potash fertilizer to the plant ash is 1.2: 1.2: 15 in a certain proportion.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, the trapping lamp in the step S4 adopts an insect trapping lamp, a storage battery and a switch, and is electrically connected through a lead, and the insect trapping lamp is started every two weeks for trapping and killing adults within 36 hours each time during 4-9 months.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, the insect-proof agent in the step S5 adopts 0.84 water: 0.08: 0.08 of water, quicklime and lime-sulfur mixture.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, the chlorothalonil bactericide in the step S5 is prepared from chlorothalonil, hide glue and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 0.15: 500 proportion.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S5, the pesticides used in the trunk insecticide include water, licofel, bendiocarb, and alutah kapok according to the ratio of 0.96: 0.009: 0.012: 0.009: 0.01, and adding 100 g of mixture of the mixture and the mixture of the mixture.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S7, the protective coating is prepared by mixing water, quicklime, lime-sulfur mixture and salt according to the proportion of 0.72 water: 0.22: 0.03: 0.03, uniformly coating the mixed solution on the base of the trunk from top to bottom when the mixed solution is white.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a walnut disease and pest integrated prevention and control technology, which has the following beneficial effects:
according to the walnut pest and disease integrated prevention and control technology, a complete system of walnut pest and disease integrated prevention and control is formed by soil turning, pest killing, trimming, fertilizing, pest killing, pesticide application, cleaning and dormant period prevention and control, so that the pest and disease prevention and control can be comprehensively and effectively carried out on walnuts, the growth environment of walnuts is more harmless, and the growth quality of walnuts is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a walnut disease and pest integrated prevention and control technology flow provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Please refer to fig. 1: the invention discloses a walnut disease and pest integrated prevention and control technology, which comprises the following steps:
s1, digging soil to kill insects: deeply turning over the tree tray in winter and spring, disinfecting soil, eliminating worm eggs and worm pupae in the soil, and removing weeds;
s2, trimming: changing the density of branches with overlarge density into thin branches, manually cleaning the damaged branches, requiring nursery stocks to be cut downwards until no worm ways exist, and killing or burning the branches by larvae in time;
s3, fertilizing: applying decomposed organic fertilizer in early spring, and applying a phosphate fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a plant ash mixed fertilizer;
s4, pest killing: adopting a larva killing lamp to kill pests;
s5, application: the method comprises the following steps of first germination, flowering and fruit bearing application: spraying an insect-proof agent once before germination, spraying the insect-proof agent once every 10-15 days for 2-3 times continuously, spraying the insect-proof agent again before and after blooming, spraying the insect-proof agent once every 5-10 days for 2-3 times continuously, spraying the insect-proof agent before disease occurrence during fruit bearing, spraying chlorothalonil bactericide once every 15-20 days during disease occurrence, and spraying the insect-proof agent for 2-3 times continuously;
killing insects on a second trunk: when the trunk is found to have wormholes, the wormholes are punched, the insecticide is injected into the wormholes by a large-size injector, and the wormholes are sealed by wet soil;
s6, cleaning: after the walnuts are harvested, cleaning fallen fruits, fallen leaves, dry branches and diseased branches in time, and deeply burying or intensively destroying the walnuts;
s7, control in the dormancy stage: the base of the trunk is scraped and a protective coating is applied to the base of the trunk.
Specifically, in the step S1, the soil is disinfected by mixing and stirring the paraquat and the dry fine soil in a proportion of 0.5, and the mixture is raked into the surface soil after being mixed uniformly.
In the embodiment, the soil disinfection can better kill the insect eggs in the soil, and the survival of pests is reduced.
Specifically, in the step S2, withered and rotten branches and leaves of the walnut are cut off by using a disinfected cutter, the cutter is disinfected by boiling 57min-7min in high-temperature boiling water, and the cut of the trimmed branches and stems is coated with a protective agent.
In this embodiment, disinfect to the cutter that prunes the use, avoid the cutter to cause the infection of walnut by pruning wound, the protectant protects the wound simultaneously, avoids the condition such as rotten to take place.
Specifically, in the step S3, the ratio of the phosphate fertilizer to the potash fertilizer to the plant ash is 1.2: 1.2: 15 in a certain proportion.
In the embodiment, the organic fertilizer produced by mixing the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the plant ash can effectively improve the soil nutrition of the walnut planting position and is beneficial to the growth of walnuts.
Specifically, the trapping and killing lamp in the step S4 adopts an insect trapping lamp, a storage battery and a switch, and is electrically connected through a wire, and the insect trapping and killing lamp is started every two weeks for adult trapping and killing in a period of 4-9 months, wherein the time of each time is 36 hours.
In this embodiment, the switch is opened, makes the wire pass through the battery and opens the insect catching lamp, makes the insect catching lamp trap and kill the pest.
Specifically, in the step S5, the anti-insect agent is 0.84 water: 0.08: 0.08 of water, quicklime and lime-sulfur mixture.
In the embodiment, the insect-preventing agent kills pests on the walnuts and prevents the pests from breeding when the walnuts sprout, bloom and fruit bearing.
Specifically, the chlorothalonil bactericide in the step S5 is prepared from chlorothalonil, hide glue and water according to a ratio of 1: 0.15: 500 proportion.
In the embodiment, the chlorothalonil bactericide kills bacteria and worm eggs on the walnuts, so that the walnuts are prevented from being damaged.
Specifically, in the step S5, the pesticides used in the trunk insecticide include water, diclofop, bendiocarb, and alcongahackypack, and the ratio of water to ricoxid is 0.96: 0.009: 0.012: 0.009: 0.01, and adding 100 g of mixture of the mixture and the mixture of the mixture.
In this embodiment, the insecticide can kill the pest on the trunk effectually, avoids the trunk to receive the damage.
Specifically, in the step S7, the protective coating is formed by mixing water, quicklime, lime-sulfur mixture and salt according to a ratio of 0.72 water: 0.22: 0.03: 0.03, uniformly coating the mixed solution on the base of the trunk from top to bottom when the mixed solution is white.
In this embodiment, the protective coating coats walnut trunk base portion, can prevent trunk base portion breeding pest and kill the pest.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: deeply turning over a tree tray in winter and spring, disinfecting soil, killing ova and pupas in the soil, removing weeds, changing the density of branches with overlarge density into thin branches, manually cleaning the damaged branches, requiring seedlings to be cut downwards until no worm way exists, killing or burning the larvae in time, applying a thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer in early spring, applying a mixed fertilizer of phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and plant ash, killing pests by using a larva killing lamp, spraying an insect-preventing agent before germination, spraying the insect-preventing agent once every 10-15 days, continuously spraying 2-3 times, spraying the insect-preventing agent again before and after flowering, spraying the insect-preventing agent once every 5-10 days, continuously spraying 2-3 times, spraying the insect-preventing agent before morbidity when hanging fruits, spraying chlorothalonil bactericide once every 15-20 days during morbidity, continuously spraying 2-3 times, discovering that the trunks have insect holes, and punching the holes, the method comprises the steps of injecting pesticide into wormholes by using a large-size injector, tightly sealing by using wet soil, timely cleaning fallen fruits, fallen leaves, dry branches and diseased branches after walnuts are harvested, deeply burying or intensively destroying, scraping the bark of a trunk base, and coating a protective coating on the trunk base to form a complete comprehensive prevention and control system for soil turning, pest killing, trimming, fertilizing, pest killing, pesticide application, cleaning and dormant period prevention and control, can comprehensively and effectively prevent and control pests and diseases of walnuts, enables the growth environment of the walnuts to be more harmless, and accordingly improves the growth quality of the walnuts.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The walnut pest and disease damage comprehensive prevention and control technology is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, digging soil to kill insects: deeply turning over the tree tray in winter and spring, disinfecting soil, eliminating worm eggs and worm pupae in the soil, and removing weeds;
s2, trimming: changing the density of branches with overlarge density into thin branches, manually cleaning the damaged branches, requiring nursery stocks to be cut downwards until no worm ways exist, and killing or burning the branches by larvae in time;
s3, fertilizing: applying decomposed organic fertilizer in early spring, and applying a phosphate fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a plant ash mixed fertilizer;
s4, pest killing: adopting a larva killing lamp to kill pests;
s5, application: comprises the following steps of first sprouting, flowering and fruit bearing application: spraying an insect-proof agent once before germination, spraying the insect-proof agent once every 10-15 days for 2-3 times continuously, spraying the insect-proof agent again before and after blooming, spraying the insect-proof agent once every 5-10 days for 2-3 times continuously, spraying the insect-proof agent before disease occurrence during fruit bearing, spraying chlorothalonil bactericide once every 15-20 days during disease occurrence, and spraying the insect-proof agent for 2-3 times continuously;
killing insects on a second trunk: when the trunk is found to have wormholes, the wormholes are punched, the insecticide is injected into the wormholes by a large-size injector, and the wormholes are sealed by wet soil;
s6, cleaning: after the walnuts are harvested, cleaning fallen fruits, fallen leaves, dry branches and diseased branches in time, and deeply burying or intensively destroying the walnuts;
s7, control in the dormancy stage: the base of the trunk is scraped and a protective coating is applied to the base of the trunk.
2. The walnut disease and pest integrated control technology according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the soil is disinfected by mixing and stirring the paraquat and the dry fine soil in a proportion of 0.5, and the mixture is gently raked into the surface soil after being uniformly mixed.
3. The walnut pest and disease damage comprehensive prevention and control technology according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, withered and rotten branches and leaves of walnuts are cut off by a disinfected cutter, the cutter disinfection is carried out by boiling the pruning cutter with high-temperature boiling water for 57-7 min, and the cut of the pruned branches and stems is coated with a protective agent.
4. The walnut pest and disease damage comprehensive prevention and control technology of claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the ratio of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and plant ash is 1.2: 1.2: 15 in a certain proportion.
5. The walnut pest and disease damage comprehensive prevention and control technology of claim 1, wherein the trapping and killing lamp in the step S4 adopts an insect trapping lamp, a storage battery and a switch, and is electrically connected through a wire, the insect trapping and killing lamp is started every two weeks for adult trapping and killing in the period of 4-9 months, and the time length of each time is 36 hours.
6. The walnut pest and disease damage comprehensive prevention and control technology of claim 1, wherein the pesticide in the step S5 is 0.84 water: 0.08: 0.08 of water, quicklime and lime-sulfur mixture.
7. The walnut pest and disease damage comprehensive prevention and control technology of claim 1, wherein the chlorothalonil bactericide in the step S5 is prepared from chlorothalonil, hide glue and water according to a ratio of 1: 0.15: 500 proportion.
8. The walnut pest and disease damage comprehensive prevention and control technology of claim 1, wherein in the step S5, the pesticides in the trunk insecticide adopt water, licopin, bendiocarb, and alutaoki kipp according to a ratio of 0.96: 0.009: 0.012: 0.009: 0.01, and adding 100 g of mixture of the mixture and the mixture of the mixture.
9. The walnut pest and disease damage comprehensive prevention and control technology of claim 1, wherein the protective coating in the step S7 is prepared by mixing water, quicklime, lime-sulfur mixture and salt according to a ratio of 0.72 water: 0.22: 0.03: 0.03, uniformly coating the mixed solution on the base of the trunk from top to bottom when the mixed solution is white.
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