CN108887049A - Grape rain shelter frame and its building method - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of grape rain shelter and its construction method, is to bury cement pillars between grape plants, the outermost cement pillars of each row are reinforced with oblique pillars, and iron wires connected to the cement pillars are arranged on the top of the cement pillars, and the iron wires serve as For the upper beam of the cement column, fix the bow-shaped steel wire on both ends of the upper beam and the apex of the column with iron wires, and pull iron wires at the two ends of the bow-shaped steel wire and the vault, and the top iron wire between the two cement columns The arched steel wire is fixed, and the top of the cement column is covered with a white transparent grape film. The insect-proof net is covered between the rows and fixed with iron wires. The cement columns at both ends of the row are obliquely pulled, and the oblique line is connected with the iron wire of the upper beam to form an inverted triangle. With the two oblique lines on the cement column as the fulcrum, the two ends of each row are at a certain height from the ground. Pull a wire. The invention can reduce the harm of rainwater to the bottom grape leaves and fruits, and improve the fruit quality.

Description

Grape rain shelter and its construction method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of grape cultivation, in particular to a grape rain shelter and a construction method thereof. .

Background technique

Grapes are loved by the public because of their sweet taste. During the growth of grapes, in the hot and rainy south, it is necessary to allow the grapes to obtain enough sunlight and temperature to ensure the sweet taste of the grapes, and to avoid serious diseases of the grapes due to rain. low quality. In the prior art, grape rain shelters generally take furrows as a unit, and an arched rain shelter is built above the frame. The gaps between the rain shelters correspond to the furrows. When it rains, the rainwater on the rain shelters drips into the furrows, which is conducive to drainage and water storage and temperature regulation at high temperatures, but it cannot prevent pests and birds from entering between the rain shelters. The gaps fly into the grape plants, causing harm to the grapes. The grape rain shelters and grape trellises of the prior art are generally based on bamboo wood and steel frames. Wooden grape trellises are prone to aging and have a short service life; grape trellises built with metal pipes are relatively expensive, which increases the cost of grape planting.

Contents of the invention

The invention aims at the deficiencies in the prior art, and provides a rain shelter for grapes with a reasonable structure, low cost and beautiful appearance and a construction method thereof.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a viticultural method that can further reduce the damage of rainwater to the bottom grape leaves and fruits during the growth of grapes and improve the quality of the fruits.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is: a grape rain shelter, the specific structure is: cement pillars are buried between the grape plants, the outermost cement pillars of each row are reinforced with inclined pillars, and the top of the cement pillars is provided with The iron wire connected to the cement column is used as the upper beam of the cement column. The arched steel wire is fixed on both ends of the upper beam and the apex of the column with an iron wire, and the iron wire is drawn at both ends of the arched steel wire and the vault. The bow-shaped steel wire is fixed on the top iron wire between the two cement columns, and the top of the cement column is covered with a white transparent grape film, and the insect-proof net is covered between the rows and fixed with iron wires. And use heavy objects to press and fix the insect-proof net. There are oblique lines on the cement columns at both ends of each row. The oblique lines are connected with the iron wires of the upper beam to form an inverted triangle. The two oblique lines on the cement columns are the fulcrums. Pull an iron wire at a certain height from the ground at both ends of each row.

The construction method of the described grape rain-sheltered shed consists of the following steps:

(1) According to the spacing of 4m and the row spacing of 2.3-2.5m, cement columns are buried between the grape plants. The depth of the buried soil layer is 0.5m, and 2m is left on the ground.

(2) With 10 mu as a unit, an iron wire connecting the cement column is arranged on the top of the cement column as the upper beam of the cement column, and the bow-shaped steel wire is fixed on both ends of the upper beam and the apex of the column with iron wires, and the bow-shaped There are iron wires drawn at both ends of the steel wire and at the vault, and a bow-shaped steel wire is fixed on the top iron wire between the two cement columns. The top of the cement column is covered with a white transparent grape film, and the interrows are covered with insect-proof nets. And fix it with iron wires, close the surroundings under the shed with insect-proof nets, and press and fix the insect-proof nets with heavy objects,

(3) The cement columns at both ends of each row are obliquely drawn at a distance of 0.4-0.6m from the ground, and the oblique lines are connected with the iron wires of the upper beam to form an inverted triangle. The two oblique lines on the cement columns are the fulcrum, pull an iron wire at a certain height from the ground at both ends of each row,

(4) Tie the main grape vine to the first iron wire 0.8-0.9m above the ground. As a result, the mother branches and new shoots are respectively tied to each layer of iron wire, and the whole plant is trimmed into a V-shaped frame.

A further technical scheme is: respectively draw an iron wire at both ends of the bow-shaped steel wire and at the vault, totaling 3 iron wires.

A further technical solution is to add and fix one bow-shaped steel wire every 0.6m on the top three iron wires between the two cement columns.

A further technical solution is: a 30-mesh insect-proof net is covered between the rows.

A further technical solution is: use 30-mesh insect-proof nets around the shed to close,

A further technical solution is: set iron wires connecting each row of cement columns at a distance of 0.4m from the top of each cement column.

A further technical solution is: pull an iron wire at the two ends of each row at 0.8m, 1.0m, and 1.2m from the ground, totaling 6 iron wires.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

1. It can reduce the damage of diseases and insect pests and reduce the cost: grape rain-proof sheds are used for grape rain-proof and insect-proof cultivation, which can reduce the types of diseases transmitted by wind and rain, reduce the harm of fruit flies, noctuids, scarabs and other pests and birds, and make the leaves and fruits intact , Extended leaf life. Due to the rain-proof and insect-proof cultivation, the leaves and fruits of the grapes do not directly contact the rain, which can reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, save the use of pesticides, and produce green food without pesticide pollution.

(2) Increased fruit setting rate and yield, improved quality: grape rain shelter shelters natural rainwater, grape cracking, disease and pollution are significantly reduced, and the impact of rainfall on grape sugar content is reduced. Grape fruit ear weight increased, the ear shape was correct, and the fruit was tightly combined, and the fruit grains were enlarged without large and small grains. The soluble solid content and sugar-acid ratio of grape fruit in the grape rain shelter were higher than those in the open field.

(3) Improve labor productivity and ensure the timely implementation of technical measures. In the rainy regions of the south, there are many rainy days during the grape growing season. Because of the grape rain shelter, work delays on rainy days have been avoided, and the timely implementation of various technical measures has been ensured. Increased labor productivity.

(4) Adjust fruit maturity period: rain-proof and insect-proof cultivation is conducive to improving the appearance quality of grape fruit, and can artificially control the time to market of grapes and prolong the supply period.

(5) Can expand the cultivation area and variety adaptability: Create a dry and rainless growth environment through rain-proof and insect-proof cultivation, which is conducive to the cultivation of high-quality Eurasian grape varieties such as Beauty Finger, Purple Earth, and Italy in southern my country.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a grape rain shelter according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a side view of the grape rain shelter according to the present invention.

The marks in the figure are: 1 is the special film for grapes, 2 is the arc steel wire, 3 is the insect net, 4 is the iron wire, and 5 is the cement column.

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1, the grape rain-shelter scaffold of the present invention is made up of cement column, iron wire, insect-proof net, arcuate steel wire, grape special film. Taking 10 mu as a unit, there is an iron wire connecting each row of cement columns at a distance of 0.4m from the top of each cement column as the upper beam of the cement column. Fix the bow-shaped steel wires on the two ends of the upper beam and the apex of the column with iron wires, and pull one iron wire at the two ends of the bow-shaped steel wires and the vault, totaling three iron wires. Add and fix one bow-shaped steel wire every 0.6m on the top three iron wires between two cement columns. The top of each row of cement pillars is covered with a white transparent grape film, and the thickness of the film is selected from a high-strength high-temperature resistant film with a thickness of 0.03mm or more. Cover the rows with 30-mesh insect-proof nets and fix them with iron wires. The surrounding area under the shed is closed with a 30-mesh insect-proof net, and the insect-proof net is pressed and fixed with a heavy object.

Example 2

As shown in Figure 2, the construction method of the grape trellis according to the present invention. On the cement columns at both ends of each row, two slanted lines are obliquely pulled at a distance of 0.4-0.6m from the ground, and the slanted lines are connected with the iron wires of the upper beam to form an inverted triangle, with the two slanted lines on the cement column as the fulcrum , pull an iron wire at a certain height from the ground at both ends of each row.

Example 3

The grape rain shelter and construction method thereof of the present invention are composed of the following steps:

Step 1. Cement columns are buried between the grape plants at a distance of 4m and a row spacing of 2.3-2.5m. The soil depth is 0.5m, and 2m is left on the ground. The outermost cement columns of each row must be reinforced with oblique pillars.

Step 2: Take 10 mu as a unit, and set iron wires connecting each row of cement columns at a distance of 0.4m from the top of each cement column as the upper beam of the cement column. Fix the bow-shaped steel wires on the two ends of the upper beam and the apex of the column with iron wires, and pull one iron wire at the two ends of the bow-shaped steel wires and the vault, totaling three iron wires. Add and fix one bow-shaped steel wire every 0.6m on the top three iron wires between two cement columns. The top of each row of cement pillars is covered with a white transparent grape film, and the thickness of the film is selected from a high-strength high-temperature resistant film with a thickness of 0.03mm or more. Cover the rows with 30-mesh insect-proof nets and fix them with iron wires. The surrounding area under the shed is closed with a 30-mesh insect-proof net, and the insect-proof net is pressed and fixed with a heavy object. The grape rain shelter is mainly suitable for double-season cultivation of grape varieties such as Kyoho and Xiahei.

Step 3: Pull two slanted lines at a distance of 0.4-0.6m from the ground to the cement column, and connect the slanted lines with the iron wires of the upper beam to form an inverted triangle. Take the two oblique lines on the cement column as the fulcrum, and pull one iron wire at the two ends of each row at 0.8m, 1.0m, and 1.2m from the ground, a total of 6 iron wires.

Step 4: Tie the main grape vines to the first iron wire 0.8-0.9m above the ground. As a result, the mother branches and new shoots are respectively tied to each layer of iron wires, and the whole plant is trimmed into a V-shaped frame.

Example 4

Another example of the grape rain shelter and its construction method according to the present invention is composed of the following steps:

Step 1. Cement columns are buried between the grape plants at a distance of 4m and a row spacing of 2.3m. The soil depth is 0.5m, and 2m is left on the ground. The outermost cement columns of each row must be reinforced with oblique pillars.

Step 2: Take 10 mu as a unit, and set iron wires connecting each row of cement columns at a distance of 0.4m from the top of each cement column as the upper beam of the cement column. Fix the bow-shaped steel wires on the two ends of the upper beam and the apex of the column with iron wires, and pull one iron wire at the two ends of the bow-shaped steel wires and the vault, totaling three iron wires. Add and fix one bow-shaped steel wire every 0.6m on the top three iron wires between two cement columns. The top of each row of cement pillars is covered with a white transparent grape film, and the thickness of the film is preferably a high-strength film with a high temperature resistance of 0.03mm or more. Cover the rows with 30-mesh insect-proof nets and fix them with iron wires. The surrounding area under the shed is closed with a 30-mesh insect-proof net, and the insect-proof net is pressed and fixed with a heavy object. The grape rain-sheltered trellis cultivation is mainly suitable for the double-season cultivation of grape varieties such as Kyoho and Xiahei.

Step 3: Pull two oblique lines at a distance of 0.4m from the cement column to the ground, and connect the oblique lines with the iron wires of the upper beam to form an inverted triangle. Take the two oblique lines on the cement column as the fulcrum, and pull one iron wire at the two ends of each row at 0.8m, 1.0m, and 1.2m from the ground, a total of 6 iron wires.

Step 4: Tie the main grape vine to the first iron wire 0.8m above the ground. As a result, the mother branches and new shoots are respectively tied to each layer of iron wire, and the whole plant is trimmed into a V-shaped frame.

Example 5

Another example of the grape rain shelter and its construction method according to the present invention is composed of the following steps:

Step 1. Cement columns are buried between the grape plants at a distance of 4m and a row spacing of 2.5m. The depth of the buried soil layer is 0.5m, leaving 2m on the ground. The outermost cement columns of each row must be reinforced with oblique pillars.

Step 2. With 10 acres as a unit, set iron wires connecting each row of cement columns at a distance of 0.4m from the top of each cement column as the upper beam of the cement column. Fix the bow-shaped steel wires on the two ends of the upper beam and the apex of the column with iron wires, and pull an iron wire at the two ends of the bow-shaped steel wires and the vault (three iron wires in total). Add and fix one bow-shaped steel wire every 0.6m on the top three iron wires between two cement columns. Cover the top of each row of cement pillars with a white transparent grape film, cover the rows with 30-mesh insect-proof nets, and fix them with iron wires. The four sides of the shed are closed with 30 mesh insect nets, and the insect nets are fixed with heavy objects.

Step 3: Pull two oblique lines at a distance of 0.6m from the cement column to the ground, and connect the oblique lines with the iron wires of the upper beam to form an inverted triangle. On each cement column, use the two oblique lines on the cement column as fulcrums, and pull one iron wire at the two ends of each row at 0.8m, 1.0m, and 1.2m from the ground, a total of 6 iron wires.

Step 4: Tie the main grape vine to the first iron wire 0.9m above the ground. As a result, the mother branches and new shoots are respectively tied to each layer of iron wire, and the whole plant is trimmed into a V-shaped frame.

Step 5. Each treatment plot has an area of 40 square meters, each of which is repeated 3 times, and the plots are randomly arranged. The rain-proof and insect-proof scaffolding was used as a treatment, and the open-air cultivation was used as a blank control. The control and treatment were managed according to conventional management methods, and grape pruning, branch control, bud control, fertilizer and water management, and pest control were carried out in due course.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The leaves and fruit diseases of the grape leaves and fruits planted with rain-proof and insect-proof scaffolds are less than those of open-air cultivation (see Table 1 and Table 2 for details). Because in the rain-proof and insect-proof cultivation, the leaves and fruits of grapes do not directly contact rainwater. Thereby, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests can be reduced, the use of pesticides can be saved, and green food without pesticide pollution can be produced.

Table 1 Control effect of grape leaf diseases

Table 2 Control effect of grape fruit diseases

2. The yield and quality of the grapes planted with the rain-proof and insect-proof scaffolding are higher than those of the grapes cultivated in the open air (see Table 3 for details). The grains are enlarged and there are no large or small grains.

Table 3 Grape yield and quality comparison of different treatments

Claims (8)

1. A grape rain shelter, characterized in that the specific structure is: cement columns are buried between the grape plants, the outermost cement columns of each row are reinforced with inclined columns, and the top of the cement columns is provided with iron wires connecting the cement columns , the iron wire is used as the upper beam of the cement column, and the bow-shaped steel wire is fixed on the two ends of the upper beam and the apex of the column with iron wires. There are bow-shaped steel wires fixed on the iron wires on the top of the concrete column, covered with white transparent grape film on the top of the cement column, covered with insect-proof nets between the rows, and fixed with iron wires, closed with insect-proof nets around the shed, and pressed and fixed with heavy objects Insect-proof nets, the cement columns at both ends of each row are obliquely pulled, and the oblique lines are connected with the iron wires of the upper beam to form an inverted triangle, with the two oblique lines on the cement columns as fulcrums, at both ends of each row Pull an iron wire at a certain height from the ground. 2. The method for building the grape rain shelter according to claim 1, is characterized in that, consists of the following steps: (1) According to the spacing of 4m and the row spacing of 2.3-2.5m, cement columns are buried between the grape plants. The depth of the buried soil layer is 0.5m, and 2m is left on the ground. (2) With 10 mu as a unit, an iron wire connecting the cement column is arranged on the top of the cement column as the upper beam of the cement column, and the bow-shaped steel wire is fixed on both ends of the upper beam and the apex of the column with iron wires, and the bow-shaped There are iron wires drawn at both ends of the steel wire and at the vault, and a bow-shaped steel wire is fixed on the top iron wire between the two cement columns. The top of the cement column is covered with a white transparent grape film, and the interrows are covered with insect-proof nets. And fix it with iron wires, close the surroundings under the shed with insect-proof nets, and press and fix the insect-proof nets with heavy objects, (3) The cement columns at both ends of each row are obliquely drawn at a distance of 0.4-0.6m from the ground, and the oblique lines are connected with the iron wires of the upper beam to form an inverted triangle. The two oblique lines on the cement columns are the fulcrum, pull an iron wire at a certain height from the ground at both ends of each row, (4) Tie the main grape vine to the first iron wire 0.8-0.9m above the ground. As a result, the mother branches and new shoots are respectively tied to each layer of iron wire, and the whole plant is trimmed into a V-shaped frame. 3. The construction method of the grape rain shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that, one iron wire is drawn at both ends of the bow-shaped steel wire and at the vault, and there are three iron wires in total. 4. The construction method of the grape rain shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that, one bow-shaped steel wire is added and fixed every 0.6m on the top three iron wires between the two cement columns. 5. The method for constructing a grape rain shelter according to claim 1, wherein a 30-mesh insect-proof net is covered between the rows. 6. The construction method of the grape rain-sheltered shed according to claim 1, characterized in that, the surrounding area under the shed is closed with a 30-mesh insect-proof net. 7. The construction method of the grape rain shelter according to claim 1, characterized in that an iron wire connecting each row of cement columns is set at a distance of 0.4m from the top of each cement column. 8. The method for building a grape rain-sheltered scaffold according to claim 1, characterized in that one iron wire is pulled at each end of each row at 0.8m, 1.0m, and 1.2m from the ground, and there are 6 iron wires in total. .