CN108849760A - 一种黄粉虫的饲养方法 - Google Patents
一种黄粉虫的饲养方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108849760A CN108849760A CN201810752798.3A CN201810752798A CN108849760A CN 108849760 A CN108849760 A CN 108849760A CN 201810752798 A CN201810752798 A CN 201810752798A CN 108849760 A CN108849760 A CN 108849760A
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- yellow meal
- meal worm
- breeding
- adult
- worm
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种黄粉虫的饲养方法，包括如下步骤：虫卵期：将饵料置于养殖盒内，将黄粉虫卵置于饵料上直接孵化；幼虫期：采用幼虫饲料和青饲料交替饲养；幼虫饲料喂养5～6d后采用青饲料喂养2～4d，如此循环交替饲养；所述幼虫饲料由质量百分含量计的如下原料组成：玉米40％、麦麸60％；成虫期：采用成虫饲料与青饲料交替配合饲养；投料时以成虫饲料为主，当黄粉虫呈黑紫色投喂成虫饲料，当黄粉虫消瘦时投喂青饲料；当黄粉虫圆滑时投喂成虫饲料；本发明通过不同的阶段采用不同的饵料饲养黄粉虫，保证黄粉虫营养价值的同时，保证黄粉虫的水分，且饲料中含有天然防霉抑菌成分，黄粉虫不会因为食用发霉饲料而死亡，本发明大大降低了黄粉虫的死亡率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及养殖技术领域，具体涉及一种黄粉虫的饲养方法。
背景技术
黄粉虫不仅蛋白质含量高，而且氨基酸种类齐全、组成合理，还含有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸、维生素、矿物质等营养成分，黄粉虫也是一种优质的食品资源昆虫，具有很高的营养保健价值，深加工品有黄粉虫高蛋白质粉、氨基酸口服液等，可进行定向定量生产。饲养黄粉虫主要是为了让幼虫快速生长，其主要价值在于药用和活体动物饲料、高蛋白质的添加剂，许多养殖户普遍养殖效益不高，由于未清楚了解黄粉虫的生长习性，饲料配比不合理，营养价值不全面，投喂饵料方式不正确，导致饲料浪费，效益低，且黄粉虫的饲养密度和黄粉虫水分含量不适宜易导致黄粉虫死亡。为解决上述问题，特提供一种适宜的黄粉虫饲养方法。
发明内容
本发明克服了黄粉虫死亡率高的技术问题，提供一种黄粉虫的饲养方法。
为解决上述问题，本发明采取如下技术方案：
一种黄粉虫的饲养方法，包括以下步骤：
虫卵期：将饵料置于养殖盒内，将黄粉虫卵置于饵料上直接孵化；
幼虫期：采用幼虫饲料和青饲料交替饲养；幼虫饲料喂养5～6d后采用青饲料喂养2～4d，如此循环交替饲养；所述幼虫饲料由质量百分含量计的如下原料组成：玉米40％、麦麸60％；
成虫期：采用成虫饲料与青饲料交替配合饲养；投料时以成虫饲料为主，当黄粉虫呈黑紫色投喂成虫饲料，当黄粉虫消瘦时投喂青饲料；当黄粉虫圆滑时投喂成虫饲料；
环境控制：所述幼虫期和成虫期的饲养采用80目筛将粪便筛除；虫卵期、幼虫期、成虫期以及蛹期的养殖环境温度为25～28℃，空气湿度为40～60％；
饲养密度控制：养殖盒内温度高于手的温度，养殖密度过高，应减少养殖盒内的饲养量；
所述幼虫饲料由质量份的如下原料组成：麸皮60份、玉米40份、防霉剂0.01～0.05份；
所述成虫饲料由质量份的如下的原料组成：黄豆粉20～30份、玉米粉30～35份、麦麸50～60份、复合维生素2～5份、植物木醋液0.1～0.5份、植物多糖1～5份。
其中，所述青饲料为南瓜、白菜叶、冬瓜、苹果、香蕉、梨子、橘子、桃子、橙子中的任意一种或几种。
其中，所述复合微生素为：维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、烟酰胺、泛酸、叶酸、生物素的三种或三种以上。
其中，所述养殖盒长60cm、宽40cm、高10～15cm。
其中，所述环境控制中，空气湿度通过向环境中喷洒水分或者投喂含水量高的饵料。
其中，所述的植物多糖由枸杞多糖、大枣多糖、龙眼多糖组成。
其中，所述的植物木醋液为茶渣木醋液。
其中，所述的防霉剂由质量份的如下原料组成陈皮脂溶性提取物80～100份、壳聚糖1～5份、果糖1～5份。
上述中陈皮脂溶性提取物主要含有黄酮、挥发油等物质，比如川陈皮素、月桂烯、柠檬烯橙皮甙、新橙皮甙、柑橘素其具有抑菌防霉效果。
本发明与现有技术相比较具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明的黄粉虫饲养合理，黄粉虫长势快，不需特别的病害虫防治，黄粉虫死亡率低、营养价值高。
(2)本发明通过不同的阶段采用不同的饵料饲养黄粉虫，保证黄粉虫营养价值，同时本发明在幼虫期和成虫期采用幼虫饲料、成虫饲料和青饲料交替饲养，幼虫饲料、成虫饲料为干性饵料、青饲料为高水分饵料，通过改变黄粉虫的饵料控制黄粉虫的水分，黄粉虫不会因为过于干燥、过于潮湿导致死亡，大大降低黄粉虫的死亡率。
(3)本发明通过将养殖盒内的温度即黄粉虫与饲料的温度与手温比较判断养殖密度是否适合，若养殖盒内的温度高于手温时，证明黄粉虫与饲料存在发热现象，黄粉虫养殖密度过高。该方法简单易操作，可及时调整黄粉虫养殖密度。
(4)采用发霉的饵料投喂黄粉虫时，黄粉虫容易死亡。本发明幼虫饲料中含有防霉剂，饲料不易发霉，可降低黄粉虫的死亡率。麦麸和玉米粉主要含有纤维素、淀粉和蛋白质，陈皮脂溶性提取物不会渗透至麦麸和玉米粉内，仅可粘附于麦麸、玉米粉表面，将麦麸、玉米粉粘合成团，果糖具有吸湿性保湿性，其与壳聚糖可在麦麸、玉米粉表面形成糖膜，保证麦麸、玉米粉团的水分，同时陈皮脂溶性提取物中的挥发油不易挥发，提高陈皮脂溶性提取物的防霉效果。
(5)本发明的成虫饲料营养全面，满足黄粉虫的营养需求，且成虫饲料中含有植物木醋液，其具有杀菌防霉效果，成虫饲料在一个星期内不会发霉，可避免黄粉虫因为食用发霉饲料而导致死亡。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和试验对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种黄粉虫的饲养方法，包括以下步骤：
虫卵期：将饵料置于长60cm、宽40cm、高15cm的养殖盒内，将黄粉虫卵置于饵料上直接孵化；
幼虫期：采用幼虫饲料和青饲料交替饲养；幼虫饲料喂养6d后采用青饲料喂养2d，如此循环交替饲养；所述幼虫饲料由质量百分含量计的如下原料组成：玉米40％、麦麸60％；
成虫期：采用成虫饲料与青饲料交替配合饲养；投料时以成虫饲料为主，当黄粉虫呈黑紫色投喂成虫饲料，当黄粉虫消瘦时投喂青饲料；当黄粉虫圆滑时投喂成虫饲料；
环境控制：所述幼虫期和成虫期的饲养采用80目筛将粪便筛除；虫卵期、幼虫期、成虫期以及蛹期的养殖环境温度为28℃，空气湿度为40％；空气湿度通过向环境中喷洒水分或者投喂含水量高的饵料；
饲养密度控制：养殖盒内温度高于手的温度，养殖密度过高，应减少养殖盒内的饲养量；
所述幼虫饲料由质量份的如下原料组成：麸皮60份、玉米40份、防霉剂0.05份；防霉剂由质量份的如下原料组成陈皮脂溶性提取物80份、壳聚糖5份、果糖1份。
所述成虫饲料由质量份的如下的原料组成：黄豆粉30份、玉米粉30份、麦麸60份、复合维生素2份、茶渣木醋液0.5份、由枸杞多糖、大枣多糖、龙眼多糖组成的植物多糖1份。所述复合微生素为维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12。
其中，所述青饲料为南瓜、香蕉、橙子。
实施例2
一种黄粉虫的饲养方法，包括以下步骤：
虫卵期：将饵料置于长60cm、宽40cm、高10cm的养殖盒内，将黄粉虫卵置于饵料上直接孵化；
幼虫期：采用幼虫饲料和青饲料交替饲养；幼虫饲料喂养5d后采用青饲料喂养4d，如此循环交替饲养；所述幼虫饲料由质量百分含量计的如下原料组成：玉米40％、麦麸60％；
成虫期：采用成虫饲料与青饲料交替配合饲养；投料时以成虫饲料为主，当黄粉虫呈黑紫色投喂成虫饲料，当黄粉虫消瘦时投喂青饲料；当黄粉虫圆滑时投喂成虫饲料；
环境控制：所述幼虫期和成虫期的饲养采用80目筛将粪便筛除；虫卵期、幼虫期、成虫期以及蛹期的养殖环境温度为25℃，空气湿度为60％；空气湿度通过向环境中喷洒水分或者投喂含水量高的饵料；
饲养密度控制：养殖盒内温度高于手的温度，养殖密度过高，应减少养殖盒内的饲养量；
所述幼虫饲料由质量份的如下原料组成：麸皮60份、玉米40份、防霉剂0.01份；防霉剂由质量份的如下原料组成陈皮脂溶性提取物100份、壳聚糖1份、果糖5份。
所述成虫饲料由质量份的如下的原料组成：黄豆粉20份、玉米粉35份、麦麸50份、复合维生素5份、茶渣木醋液0.1份、由枸杞多糖、大枣多糖、龙眼多糖组成的植物多糖5份。所述复合微生素为维生素A、维生素D、维生素E。
其中，所述青饲料为南瓜。
实施例3
一种黄粉虫的饲养方法，包括以下步骤：
虫卵期：将饵料置于长60cm、宽40cm、高12cm的养殖盒内，将黄粉虫卵置于饵料上直接孵化；
幼虫期：采用幼虫饲料和青饲料交替饲养；幼虫饲料喂养6d后采用青饲料喂养2d，如此循环交替饲养；所述幼虫饲料由质量百分含量计的如下原料组成：玉米40％、麦麸60％；
成虫期：采用成虫饲料与青饲料交替配合饲养；投料时以成虫饲料为主，当黄粉虫呈黑紫色投喂成虫饲料，当黄粉虫消瘦时投喂青饲料；当黄粉虫圆滑时投喂成虫饲料；
环境控制：所述幼虫期和成虫期的饲养采用80目筛将粪便筛除；虫卵期、幼虫期、成虫期以及蛹期的养殖环境温度为27℃，空气湿度为50％；空气湿度通过向环境中喷洒水分或者投喂含水量高的饵料；
饲养密度控制：养殖盒内温度高于手的温度，养殖密度过高，应减少养殖盒内的饲养量；
所述幼虫饲料由质量份的如下原料组成：麸皮60份、玉米40份、防霉剂0.03份；防霉剂由质量份的如下原料组成陈皮脂溶性提取物90份、壳聚糖3份、果糖3份。
所述成虫饲料由质量份的如下的原料组成：黄豆粉25份、玉米粉32份、麦麸55份、复合维生素3份、茶渣木醋液0.3份、由枸杞多糖、大枣多糖、龙眼多糖组成的植物多糖3份。所述复合微生素为维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、烟酰胺、泛酸、叶酸、生物素。
其中，所述青饲料为南瓜、白菜叶、冬瓜、苹果、香蕉、梨子、橘子、桃子、橙子。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1的一种黄粉虫的饲养方法基本相同，区别在于，对比例1的投料方法为将幼虫饲料与青饲料混合后投喂。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1的一种黄粉虫的饲养方法基本相同，区别在于，对比例2的投料方法为将成虫饲料与青饲料混合后投喂。
对比例3
对比例3与实施例1的一种黄粉虫的饲养方法基本相同，区别在于，对比例3的幼虫饲料中不含有陈皮脂溶性提取物。
对比例4
对比例4与实施例1的一种黄粉虫的饲养方法基本相同，区别在于，对比例4的成虫饲料中不含有茶渣木醋液。
依照实施例1～实施例3以及对比例1～对比例4的黄粉虫的饲养方法饲养黄粉虫，统计十个养殖盒整个养殖期的死亡率，取平均值统计在下表1中。
表1
| 检测项 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 | 对比例3 | 对比例4 |
| 死亡率 | 3.5％ | 6.2％ | 8.3％ | 18.5％ | 23.6％ | 46.5％ | 38.2％ |
由表1可知，实施例1～实施例3相比于对比例1、对比例2的低，说明采用干性饲料和高水分饲料可保证黄粉虫的水分，黄粉虫不易死亡。实施例1～实施例3相比于对比例3、对比例4的低，说明饲料中含有防霉抑菌成分后可预防饲料发霉，降低了黄粉虫食用发霉饲料导致死亡的概率。本发明的黄粉虫养殖方法大大降低了黄粉虫的死亡率。
上述说明是针对本发明较佳可行实施例的详细说明，但实施例并非用以限定本发明的专利申请范围，凡本发明所提示的技术精神下所完成的同等变化或修饰变更，均应属于本发明所涵盖专利范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种黄粉虫的饲养方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
虫卵期：将饵料置于养殖盒内，将黄粉虫卵置于饵料上直接孵化；
幼虫期：采用幼虫饲料和青饲料交替饲养；幼虫饲料喂养5～6d后采用青饲料喂养2～4d，如此循环交替饲养；所述幼虫饲料由质量百分含量计的如下原料组成：玉米40％、麦麸60％；；
成虫期：采用成虫饲料与青饲料交替配合饲养；投料时以成虫饲料为主，当黄粉虫呈黑紫色投喂成虫饲料，当黄粉虫消瘦时投喂青饲料；当黄粉虫圆滑时投喂成虫饲料；
环境控制：所述幼虫期和成虫期的饲养采用80目筛将粪便筛除；虫卵期、幼虫期、成虫期以及蛹期的养殖环境温度为25～28℃，空气湿度为40～60％；
饲养密度控制：养殖盒内温度高于手的温度，养殖密度过高，应减少养殖盒内的饲养量；
所述幼虫饲料由质量份的如下原料组成：麸皮60份、玉米40份、防霉剂0.01～0.05份；
所述成虫饲料由质量份的如下的原料组成：黄豆粉20～30份、玉米粉30～35份、麦麸50～60份、复合维生素2～5份、植物木醋液0.1～0.5份、植物多糖1～5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄粉虫的饲养方法，其特征在于：所述青饲料为南瓜、白菜叶、冬瓜、苹果、香蕉、梨子、橘子、桃子、橙子中的任意一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄粉虫的饲养方法，其特征在于：所述复合微生素为：维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、烟酰胺、泛酸、叶酸、生物素的三种或三种以上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄粉虫的饲养方法，其特征在于：所述养殖盒长60cm、宽40cm、高10～15cm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄粉虫的饲养方法，其特征在于：所述环境控制中，空气湿度通过向环境中喷洒水分或者投喂含水量高的饵料。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄粉虫的饲养方法，其特征在于，所述的植物多糖由枸杞多糖、大枣多糖、龙眼多糖组成。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄粉虫的饲养方法，其特征在于，所述的植物木醋液为茶渣木醋液。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄粉虫的饲养方法，其特征在于，所述的防霉剂由质量份的如下原料组成陈皮脂溶性提取物80～100份、壳聚糖1～5份、果糖1～5份。
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