CN108834969A - 一种小龙虾的养殖方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种小龙虾的养殖方法，包括池塘选择、清塘培肥、虾种放养、饲料投喂、水质管理、病害防治，本发明通过对养殖环节的精确控制，实现养殖全程高效无公害，能够增强小龙虾的自身免疫力和抵抗力，加快小龙虾的生长速度，提高小龙虾的存活率，并且能够保证小龙虾的品质，肉质鲜嫩、无公害，进一步提高食品安全质量。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水产养殖领域，特别涉及一种小龙虾的养殖方法。
背景技术
小龙虾是淡水经济虾类，因肉味鲜美广受人们欢迎，因其杂食性、生长速度快、适应能力强而在当地生态环境中形成绝对的竞争优势，近年来在中国已经成为重要经济养殖品种，近年来，随着市场需求量的剧增，市场价格逐年上升，激发了群众养殖小龙虾的热情，养殖积极性高涨，然而目前小龙虾养殖技术还未完全成熟，种苗投放、饲料配制、日常管理及虾病防治等关键环节核心技术未全面推广普及，仍以粗放和经验养殖为主，生产极不稳定；同时，由于小龙虾的环境适应性强，市场上的许多商品小龙虾是在污染严重的环境中生长的，存在着严重的品质问题，威胁着人们的身体健康，严重影响了小龙虾产业化、规模化养殖的发展。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种小龙虾的养殖方法，具有养殖方便、绿色环保、养殖成本低、虾苗生长迅速病害少特点。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下的技术方案：
一种小龙虾的养殖方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)池塘选择：池塘选择在水源充足、地面开阔、地势略带倾斜的地方，水深1-1.5m，不宜过深，池底平坦，底质为壤土，池坡土质较硬，池塘保水性好，水位易调控，水源充足，水质清新无污染，水中溶氧4mg/L以上，pH值7.5-8.5，池埂应有适当坡度，坡比1:2.5，用塑料薄膜、钙塑板或者网片，沿池埂周围用竹桩或木桩支撑围起防逃，用网片的需在上部装上盖网；
(2)清塘培肥：虾种放养前20-30天，排干池水，曝晒消毒，清除过多淤泥，每亩用生石灰70-80kg消毒剂彻底清池消毒；虾苗下塘前8-10天进水45-50cm，每亩施腐熟畜禽粪肥500-600kg，培育轮虫、枝角类、桡足类，为虾苗提供适口饵料，在池塘周围坡底滩角及塘底种植水草，沿塘埂周围移植水葫芦、水花生，在塘中架设网片或设置竹筒、塑料筒，作为栖息、蜕壳、隐蔽场所；
(3)虾种放养：虾种要求体质健壮，附肢齐全，放养前用3-5％食盐水浸洗10-15分钟，杀灭寄生虫和致病菌，每亩投放50-60kg虾苗，规格为150-200只kg，同时每亩投放300-400kg螺蛳，一方面可改善池塘水质，另一方面又可作为小龙虾的自然饵料；
(4)饲料投喂：采用颗粒饲料投喂，全日的投饵量应把握以吃饱、吃完、不留残饵为准，小虾按体重的15-18％，中虾按体重的10-12％，大虾按体重的8-10％投饵，每天投喂两次，晚上投喂全日饵料的70-80％，饵料要投在池边浅水中，投饵要做到定时、定点、定量、定质，每个池塘设2-4饵料观察台，天天早上观察饵料是否吃完，来决定当时投饵量；
(5)水质管理：池水要求水质清新，透明度30-40cm，pH值7-9，溶氧大于4mg/L；当水中溶氧含量很低，水质恶化或雷雨闷热天、连阴天时，要减少给饵或休止投饵；当天色过冷或过热时，为防止极限温度泛起可适当加深池水，以不乱池底水温；在6-8月份高温季节每隔5-7天换一次水，每次换水量为池水的20-30％，换水不便的按期加注新水；
(6)病害防治：实时监控池塘水质变化，保证池塘进水口水质优良，冬季降低水位，对池塘底部的淤泥进行定期清淤，同时在进水口位置安装60目的过滤网，防止外来生物携带致病细菌；纤毛虫病，用硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁混合后浓度0.7mg/升全池泼洒，用20-30mg/升生石灰全池泼洒，连用3次，瘟疫病，用0.1mg/升强氯精全池泼洒，用1mg/升漂白粉全池泼洒，每天1次，连用2-3天。
优选地，步骤(2)水草选用苦草、伊乐藻，种草面积控制在1/3-1/2。
优选地，步骤(4)颗粒饲料由鱼粉20％，发酵血粉13％，豆饼22％，棉仁饼15％，次粉11％，玉米粉9.6％，骨粉3％，酵母粉2％，多种维生素预混料1.3％，蜕壳素0.1％，淀粉3％组成。
本发明的有益效果：本发明通过对养殖环节的精确控制，实现养殖全程高效无公害，能够增强小龙虾的自身免疫力和抵抗力，加快小龙虾的生长速度，提高小龙虾的存活率，并且能够保证小龙虾的品质，肉质鲜嫩、无公害，进一步提高食品安全质量。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明进一步说明，但本发明并不局限于这些实施例。
实施例1
(1)池塘选择：池塘选择在水源充足、地面开阔、地势略带倾斜的地方，水深1-1.5m，不宜过深，池底平坦，底质为壤土，池坡土质较硬，池塘保水性好，水位易调控，水源充足，水质清新无污染，水中溶氧4mg/L以上，pH值7.5-8.5，池埂应有适当坡度，坡比1:2.5，用塑料薄膜、钙塑板或者网片，沿池埂周围用竹桩或木桩支撑围起防逃，用网片的需在上部装上盖网；
(2)清塘培肥：虾种放养前20-30天，排干池水，曝晒消毒，清除过多淤泥，每亩用生石灰80kg消毒剂彻底清池消毒；虾苗下塘前8-10天进水45-50cm，每亩施腐熟畜禽粪肥600kg，培育轮虫、枝角类、桡足类，为虾苗提供适口饵料，在池塘周围坡底滩角及塘底种植水草，水草选用苦草、伊乐藻，种草面积控制在1/3，沿塘埂周围移植水葫芦、水花生，在塘中架设网片或设置竹筒、塑料筒，作为栖息、蜕壳、隐蔽场所；
(3)虾种放养：虾种要求体质健壮，附肢齐全，放养前用3-5％食盐水浸洗10-15分钟，杀灭寄生虫和致病菌，每亩投放50-60kg虾苗，规格为150-200只kg，同时每亩投放400kg螺蛳，一方面可改善池塘水质，另一方面又可作为小龙虾的自然饵料；
(4)饲料投喂：采用颗粒饲料投喂，全日的投饵量应把握以吃饱、吃完、不留残饵为准，小虾按体重的15-18％，中虾按体重的10-12％，大虾按体重的8-10％投饵，每天投喂两次，晚上投喂全日饵料的80％，饵料要投在池边浅水中，投饵要做到定时、定点、定量、定质，每个池塘设2-4饵料观察台，天天早上观察饵料是否吃完，来决定当时投饵量；
(5)水质管理：池水要求水质清新，透明度30-40cm，pH值7-9，溶氧大于4mg/L；当水中溶氧含量很低，水质恶化或雷雨闷热天、连阴天时，要减少给饵或休止投饵；当天色过冷或过热时，为防止极限温度泛起可适当加深池水，以不乱池底水温；在6-8月份高温季节每隔5-7天换一次水，每次换水量为池水的20-30％，换水不便的按期加注新水；
(6)病害防治：实时监控池塘水质变化，保证池塘进水口水质优良，冬季降低水位，对池塘底部的淤泥进行定期清淤，同时在进水口位置安装60目的过滤网，防止外来生物携带致病细菌；纤毛虫病，用硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁混合后浓度0.7mg/升全池泼洒，用20-30mg/升生石灰全池泼洒，连用3次，瘟疫病，用0.1mg/升强氯精全池泼洒，用1mg/升漂白粉全池泼洒，每天1次，连用2-3天。
实施例2
实施例2是实施例1的进一步实施方案，在本实施例中，步骤(4)颗粒饲料由鱼粉20％，发酵血粉13％，豆饼22％，棉仁饼15％，次粉11％，玉米粉9.6％，骨粉3％，酵母粉2％，多种维生素预混料1.3％，蜕壳素0.1％，淀粉3％组成。
Claims (3)
1.一种小龙虾的养殖方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)池塘选择：池塘选择在水源充足、地面开阔、地势略带倾斜的地方，水深1-1.5m，不宜过深，池底平坦，底质为壤土，池坡土质较硬，池塘保水性好，水位易调控，水源充足，水质清新无污染，水中溶氧4mg/L以上，pH值7.5-8.5，池埂应有适当坡度，坡比1:2.5，用塑料薄膜、钙塑板或者网片，沿池埂周围用竹桩或木桩支撑围起防逃，用网片的需在上部装上盖网；
(2)清塘培肥：虾种放养前20-30天，排干池水，曝晒消毒，清除过多淤泥，每亩用生石灰70-80kg消毒剂彻底清池消毒；虾苗下塘前8-10天进水45-50cm，每亩施腐熟畜禽粪肥500-600kg，培育轮虫、枝角类、桡足类，为虾苗提供适口饵料，在池塘周围坡底滩角及塘底种植水草，沿塘埂周围移植水葫芦、水花生，在塘中架设网片或设置竹筒、塑料筒，作为栖息、蜕壳、隐蔽场所；
(3)虾种放养：虾种要求体质健壮，附肢齐全，放养前用3-5％食盐水浸洗10-15分钟，杀灭寄生虫和致病菌，每亩投放50-60kg虾苗，规格为150-200只kg，同时每亩投放300-400kg螺蛳，一方面可改善池塘水质，另一方面又可作为小龙虾的自然饵料；
(4)饲料投喂：采用颗粒饲料投喂，全日的投饵量应把握以吃饱、吃完、不留残饵为准，小虾按体重的15-18％，中虾按体重的10-12％，大虾按体重的8-10％投饵，每天投喂两次，晚上投喂全日饵料的70-80％，饵料要投在池边浅水中，投饵要做到定时、定点、定量、定质，每个池塘设2-4饵料观察台，天天早上观察饵料是否吃完，来决定当时投饵量；
(5)水质管理：池水要求水质清新，透明度30-40cm，pH值7-9，溶氧大于4mg/L；当水中溶氧含量很低，水质恶化或雷雨闷热天、连阴天时，要减少给饵或休止投饵；当天色过冷或过热时，为防止极限温度泛起可适当加深池水，以不乱池底水温；在6-8月份高温季节每隔5-7天换一次水，每次换水量为池水的20-30％，换水不便的按期加注新水；
(6)病害防治：实时监控池塘水质变化，保证池塘进水口水质优良，冬季降低水位，对池塘底部的淤泥进行定期清淤，同时在进水口位置安装60目的过滤网，防止外来生物携带致病细菌；纤毛虫病，用硫酸铜与硫酸亚铁混合后浓度0.7mg/升全池泼洒，用20-30mg/升生石灰全池泼洒，连用3次，瘟疫病，用0.1mg/升强氯精全池泼洒，用1mg/升漂白粉全池泼洒，每天1次，连用2-3天。
2.根据权利要求1所述的小龙虾的养殖方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)水草选用苦草、伊乐藻，种草面积控制在1/3-1/2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的小龙虾的养殖方法，其特征在于，步骤(4)颗粒饲料由鱼粉20％，发酵血粉13％，豆饼22％，棉仁饼15％，次粉11％，玉米粉9.6％，骨粉3％，酵母粉2％，多种维生素预混料1.3％，蜕壳素0.1％，淀粉3％组成。
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