CN108796477B - 一种表面多孔结构的钇系高温超导带材的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种表面多孔结构的钇系高温超导带材的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108796477B
CN108796477B CN201810530515.0A CN201810530515A CN108796477B CN 108796477 B CN108796477 B CN 108796477B CN 201810530515 A CN201810530515 A CN 201810530515A CN 108796477 B CN108796477 B CN 108796477B
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copper
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戴少涛
莫思铭
蔡渊
袁文
张滕
马韬
胡磊
王邦柱
陈慧娟
熊旭明
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Jiangsu Etern Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种表面多孔结构的钇系高温超导带材的制备方法，本发明所述的制备方法具有以下有益效果：(1)本发明采用发泡铜金属长带贴覆在钇系高温超导带材表面形成富含气泡成核中心的多孔表面，从根本上避免了超导带表面大气泡形成导致的传热效率降低、绝缘击穿强度下降的问题。(2)本发明采用发泡铜金属长带增加了钇系高温超导带材与液氮接触的表面积，加快了散热过程，可有效加快超导带材的失超恢复速度，缩短失超恢复时间。

Description

一种表面多孔结构的钇系高温超导带材的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于超导电力技术领域，具体说是一种表面多孔结构的钇系高温超导带材的制备方法。
背景技术
与传统电力装备相同，应用超导电力技术中所涉及的超导电缆、变压器、限流器等超导装置同样面临着电网暂态运行的威胁。浸泡在液氮中的高温超导核心部件(超导绕组、电缆导体等)在暂态情况下，由于超导带材失超形成的大电阻会引发超导带材表面迅速温升、造成液氮沸腾，会在带材表面形成热导率低的气泡沸腾区域，导致液氮不能及时将带材中的热量通过传导方式耗散，最终热量聚集、造成带材破坏，严重危害超导装置的安全可靠性。
目前，主要通过工程上增大液氮绝缘的设计裕量、采用更高纯度或过滤后的液氮、提高液氮压力等手段减少气泡生成、提高绝缘击穿强度，然而，这些过程不但耗时费工，还会提高整套装置的制造成本。因此，亟需一种便捷方法抑制大气泡的形成，在保持超导带材表面良好传热效率的同时，避免由连续气泡形成导致的主绝缘击穿。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的缺陷，本发明的目的是克服现有技术工程量大、设计制造成本高的缺点，提出一种能够抑制超导带表面大气泡形成、且具有高导热性能的钇系高温超导带材，加速失超过程的恢复速度。本发明采用多孔铜泡沫金属贴敷于钇系高温超导带材的封装层表面，微孔即可以作为气泡成核中心、抑制大气泡形成，又可增加带材与液氮的接触面积，使带材保持良好的传热效率。
为达到以上目的，本发明采取的技术方案是：
一种表面多孔结构的钇系高温超导带材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)裁制聚氨酯发泡长带，将裁制好的聚氨酯发泡长带依次浸渍于草酸溶液、氯化锡溶液、氯化钯溶液，再依次用盐酸溶液和清水清洗，获得表面负载具有催化活性钯原子的聚氨酯发泡长带，随后，采用化学电镀的方法在负载具有催化活性钯原子的聚氨酯发泡长带上镀铜，还原剂采用甲醛，铜离子镀液采用硫酸铜；
(2)将上述聚氨酯发泡长带浸入硫酸铜溶液中作为阴极、金属铜球作为阳极，接通直流电源电镀一段时间，在作为阴极的聚氨酯发泡长带上沉积铜层；
(3)在氢气气氛下，800℃热处理加热去除聚氨酯发泡长带基体，获得孔隙率大于90％、孔径为2mm的发泡铜金属长带；
(4)将所制备的发泡铜金属长带通过焊锡贴敷于钇系高温超导带材表面，最终获得表面多孔结构的钇系高温超导带材。
在上述方案的基础上，步骤(1)中裁制聚氨酯发泡长带的宽度为4～12mm、厚度为1mm。
在上述方案的基础上，步骤(1)中所述草酸溶液的浓度为1mol/L，在草酸溶液中的浸渍时间为5min，氯化锡水溶液的质量分数为50％，在氯化锡水溶液中的浸渍时间为5min，氯化钯水溶液的质量分数为70％，在氯化钯水溶液中的浸渍时间为10min，盐酸溶液的质量分数为10％，清洗时间为3min。
在上述方案的基础上，步骤(2)中硫酸铜溶液的浓度为250g/L，电镀时间为5h。
本发明的有益效果如下：
(1)本发明采用发泡铜金属长带贴覆在钇系高温超导带材表面形成富含气泡成核中心的多孔表面，从根本上避免了超导带表面大气泡形成导致的传热效率降低、绝缘击穿强度下降的问题。
(2)本发明采用发泡铜金属长带增加了钇系高温超导带材与液氮接触的表面积，加快了散热过程，可有效加快超导带材的失超恢复速度，缩短失超恢复时间。
附图说明
本发明有如下附图：
图1示出钇系高温超导带材贴覆发泡铜金属长带前后，在脉冲电流冲击下的失超恢复时间(液氮浸泡方式、带材宽度4mm、临界电流100A、冲击瞬间最大电流450A、冲击时间100ms)。
图2为钇系高温超导带材贴覆发泡铜金属长带前后的表面对比图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明，下面结合优选实施例和附图1-2对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例1表面多孔结构的钇系高温超导带材的制备
表面多孔结构的钇系高温超导带材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)裁制12mm宽、1mm厚的聚氨酯发泡长带，将其依次浸渍于1mol/L草酸溶液5min、50％氯化锡水溶液5min、70％氯化钯水溶液10min，再依次用10％的盐酸溶液和清水清洗3min，获得表面负载具有催化活性钯原子的聚氨酯发泡长带。随后，采用化学电镀的方法在负载了钯原子的聚氨酯发泡长带上镀铜，还原剂采用甲醛、铜离子镀液采用硫酸铜。
(2)将上述聚氨酯发泡长带浸入250g/L的硫酸铜溶液中作为阴极、金属铜球作为阳极，接通直流电源电镀5h，在阴极聚氨酯发泡长带上沉积铜层。
(3)在氢气气氛下，800℃热处理加热去除聚氨酯发泡长带基体，获得孔隙率95％、孔径为2mm的发泡铜金属长带。
(4)将所制备的发泡铜金属长带通过焊锡贴敷于钇系高温超导带材表面，最终获得表面多孔结构的钇系高温超导带材。
显然，本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定，对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动，这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举，凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
本说明书中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。

Claims (3)

1.一种表面多孔结构的钇系高温超导带材的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)裁制聚氨酯发泡长带，将裁制好的聚氨酯发泡长带依次浸渍于草酸溶液、氯化锡溶液、氯化钯溶液，再依次用盐酸溶液和清水清洗，获得表面负载具有催化活性钯原子的聚氨酯发泡长带，随后，采用化学电镀的方法在负载具有催化活性钯原子的聚氨酯发泡长带上镀铜，还原剂采用甲醛，铜离子镀液采用硫酸铜；
(2)将上述聚氨酯发泡长带浸入硫酸铜溶液中作为阴极、金属铜球作为阳极，接通直流电源电镀一段时间，在作为阴极的聚氨酯发泡长带上沉积铜层；
(3)在氢气气氛下，800℃热处理加热去除聚氨酯发泡长带基体，获得孔隙率大于90％、孔径为2mm的发泡铜金属长带；
(4)将所制备的发泡铜金属长带通过焊锡贴敷于钇系高温超导带材表面，最终获得表面多孔结构的钇系高温超导带材；
步骤(1)中所述草酸溶液的浓度为1mol/L，在草酸溶液中的浸渍时间为5min，氯化锡水溶液的质量分数为50％，在氯化锡水溶液中的浸渍时间为5min，氯化钯水溶液的质量分数为70％，在氯化钯水溶液中的浸渍时间为10min，盐酸溶液的质量分数为10％，清洗时间为3min。
2.如权利要求1所述的表面多孔结构的钇系高温超导带材的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中裁制聚氨酯发泡长带的宽度为4～12mm、厚度为1mm。
3.如权利要求1所述的表面多孔结构的钇系高温超导带材的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中硫酸铜溶液的浓度为250g/L，电镀时间为5h。
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