CN108785594A - 一种干预痰湿体质的中药膏方及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种干预痰湿体质的中药膏方及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种干预痰湿体质的中药膏方及制备方法。由以下重量份数的原料组分制成:炒白术10‑40份、山药10‑40份、茯苓10‑40份、炒薏米10‑40份、泽泻10‑40份、藿香5‑20份、佩兰5‑25份、砂仁5‑30份、白豆蔻10‑40份、苍术10‑40份、枳壳10‑40份、厚朴10‑40份、陈皮5‑25份、清半夏10‑40份、莱菔子10‑40份、黄连10‑30份、黄芩10‑30份、荷叶5‑30份、绞股蓝10‑40份、山楂10‑40份、蜂蜜10‑50份。本方针对痰湿体质既可用于养生调理,也可用于疾病治疗,具有适用范围广泛、功效全面、组方理念先进、制作工艺有创新等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药制剂技术领域,特别涉及一种干预痰湿体质的中药膏方及制备方法。
背景技术
中医中药是我国5000年文化积累之瑰宝,在清朝以前,国人治病强身均以中草药的各种制剂为主。中医药独特的理论一代代传承,为中华民族生生不息的繁衍和壮大做出了不可磨灭的贡献。
中医“治未病”理论是中医药重要组成部分,近年来迅猛发展,在养生保健、治疗康复等方面提倡未病先防、欲病防作、既病防变、病后防复。几乎适用于生命全过程,尤其适合体质偏颇人群、亚健康人群以及慢病人群的养生与调理。
中医体质学说认为中国人体质类型分为9种:平和质、痰湿质、湿热质、血瘀质、气郁质、气虚质、阴虚质、阳虚质、特禀质。其中平和质为理想健康体质,其他为非理想健康体质,也称为偏颇体质。偏颇体质既可以出现在病人身上,也可以出现在健康人、亚健康人身上,并且有发病倾向性。比如痰湿质人体就容易患高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)、高尿酸血症、糖尿病、高血压病、心脑血管疾病等。通过调理、纠正偏颇体质可以预防、减轻某些疾病的发生或程度。这就是中医“治未病”理念的具体体现。
随着经济社会的高速发展,人们的营养状况和生活方式都发生了重大变化。食品的丰富和不良的饮食习惯导致热量摄入过多,加之体力活动减少、不良生活方式增加,导致新陈代谢减缓减慢,代谢产物堆积,形成高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)、高尿酸血症、糖尿病、高血压病、心脑血管疾病等发病率不断攀升,已经成为严重影响健康社会发展的重大问题。
上述高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)等代谢紊乱类疾病,在中医病理学方面属于痰湿范畴,在中医体质学分类方面属于痰湿体质。
根据上述中医体质学说原理,痰湿体质即可出现在病人身上,也可出现在健康、亚健康人身上。出现在病人身上表现为高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)等病症;出现在健康人身上则具有高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)等病的发病倾向。通过干预痰湿体质即可以预防、也可以治疗高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)。
干预痰湿体质的总原则是化湿。中医化湿的理念和方法非常丰富,常用的有健脾化湿、行气化湿、芳香化湿、淡渗利湿、苦寒燥湿等,分别针对脾虚有湿、气滞湿阻、湿浊阻遏、湿邪下注、湿热蕴结等不同的证候。这些证候类型所属症状在健康、亚健康人身上属于痰湿体质时,均有程度不同的表现;而这些证候类型所属症状在患有高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)等病人身上时则表现的更加充分、多样。因此,针对痰湿体质无论其已经发病与否,其化湿方法均应多样性、全面化,这样才能够从根本上改变痰湿体质,达到预防、治疗高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)的目的。
现有技术能够将多种化湿方法用于临床的通常做法是给病人开汤药服用,众所周知汤剂的使用与服用不方便、口感差、胃肠负担重,不适宜长期服用,而干预体质,纠正痰湿体质,预防、治疗高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)又恰恰需要长期服药,汤剂显然是不合适的,应以方便使用的中成药为宜。
而现有的化湿中成药其组方方法大多以一种化湿方法组方,针对已病状态的某一种痰湿证候进行治疗,例如:“参苓白术散”是以健脾化湿法组方,治疗脾虚有湿证候,“藿香正气散”是以芳香化湿法组方,治疗湿浊阻遏证候,等等。这种单一化湿方法不能满足纠正痰湿体质的需要,更因为干预力度有限,难以达到预防、治疗高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)的目的。所以,现有的化湿中成药里并没有针对痰湿体质的、化湿作用全面的、同时兼具预防与治疗作用的中成药制剂,难以满足目前高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)等代谢综合征高发的治疗及预防需求。
通过干预痰湿体质达到预防、治疗高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)目的,除需要上述化湿作用全面的要求外,根据现代中医药学的进展,还需要有针对性用药,即“辨病用药”,具体到本发明来说就是使用降脂作用的中药。目前中成药品种里有降脂专用药,如“荷丹片”等,但这类药往往单独使用降脂中药,没有与调理痰湿体质(辨体)、治疗痰湿证候(辨证)等治疗方法相结合,作用单一。
就中成药制剂种类而言,适合干预痰湿体质,预防治疗高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)需要者,以中医膏方为宜。膏方具有使用方便、服用方便、口感好、体积小(胃肠负担小)等优势,同时膏方制作精细,加工深度大,药物利用率高,兼具滋补、调理、预防、治疗等多种功能,满足长期服药的需求,适宜健康、亚健康人群的预防性调理、干预体质的需要,也适宜高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)等慢病的长期服药治疗要求。
发明内容
鉴于现有技术的状况及不足,本发明提供了一种干预痰湿体质的中药膏方及制备方法,本发明膏方要从改变痰湿体质入手,并且预防与治疗并重,涵盖了现有技术中的五种祛湿方法,并且加入祛痰、降脂、减重的专药,不同于现有技术的祛湿类方剂组成,祛湿的专项功能更加全面。该中药膏方既针对痰湿体质进行预防性养生调理以达到预防高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)发生;也针对痰湿体质基础上发生的高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)进行化湿祛痰、降脂减重治疗,也就是既可用于养生调理,也可用于疾病治疗。该中药膏方药物浓度更高,携带方便,更适合现代人的需求。
本发明为实现上述明目的,所采用的技术方案是:一种干预痰湿体质的中药膏方,其特征在于,由以下重量份数的原料组分制成:炒白术10-40份、山药10-40份、茯苓10-40份、炒薏米10-40份、泽泻10-40份、藿香5-20份、佩兰5-25份、砂仁5-30份、白豆蔻10-40份、苍术10-40份、枳壳10-40份、厚朴10-40份、陈皮5-25份、清半夏10-40份、莱菔子10-40份、黄连10-30份、黄芩10-30份、荷叶5-30份、绞股蓝10-40份、山楂10-40份、蜂蜜10-50份。
一种干预痰湿体质的中药膏方制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
第一步称量:按照配比称取原料组分;
第二步水提取:将蜂蜜除外的各原料组分置水提取罐中,按重量计加入原料组分的6-10倍量水,煎煮2次,每次煎煮沸腾后蒸汽压力0.03-0.04Mpa煎煮1-4小时,两次煎煮液合并,滤过成滤液;
第三步浓缩:将滤液置于浓缩罐中,浓缩至相对密度为1.01-1.03清膏,浓缩温度50-100℃;
第四歩收膏:将清膏慢火熬炼,熬至药液浓度黏稠,药液在均匀倒下时成线条状,再将蜂蜜放入,文火慢炼收膏至成膏,装瓶,勿加盖;
第五歩凉膏:将装瓶未加盖的成膏置于无菌净化间中或无菌超净工作台上凉膏,待成膏温度降至室温时加盖密封。
本发明的特点是:
a)扩大应用范围,“痰湿”是中医学固有的概念之一,现有及以往技术针对“痰湿”只有治疗而没有预防,本发明既可用于治疗也可用于预防。预防是指具备痰湿体质但尚未形成高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)者,通过纠正痰湿体质预防上述疾病的发生;治疗是指已经发生上述疾病通过纠正痰湿体质发挥治疗作用。现有及以往技术仅有治疗性没有预防性,而预防性正是现在乃至今后一个时期医学发展的重点所在。
“湿”的表现形式有两种,“湿”不能及时排除体外,聚为湿邪,湿聚则又成痰,若未形成疾病,表现为痰湿体质,若已形成疾病则表现为痰湿证候。无论痰湿体质还是痰湿证候都与高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)密切相关:痰湿体质是其高危因素,痰湿证候是其病理核心。
目前,国内化湿祛痰类中药制剂均属治疗性用药,功效着力点在治疗痰湿证候方面,未见有预防性用药从调理痰湿体质入手的制剂,也就是没有针对高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)从调理痰湿体质预防其发生以及治疗的中药制剂。
本发明膏方既针对痰湿体质进行预防性调理以达到预防高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)发生;也针对痰湿体质基础上发生的高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)进行化湿祛痰、降脂减重治疗。所以总的来说,既可用于预防也可用于治疗。
b)组方理念先进,本发明遵循“辨证、辨病、辨体--三维辨治疗法”组方,而现有技术仅具备其中“辨证”一种方法。三维辨治疗法是目前中医临床疾病治疗、中医治未病、中医养生保健领域最新的辨治方法体系。
“辨证论治”是中医学最基本的原则,历经几千年的发展已形成完善的体系;“辨病论治”是随着中西医结合发展而出现的,专病专药,与辨证论治配合使用针对性强、疗效高,经过近七十年的发展也已相当成熟;近年来随着中医治未病的蓬勃发展,特别是中医体质学说的成熟,“辨体施调”已经成为未病先防、养生保健、以及治疗疾病的重要手段,实践表明辨体施调既可以病前预防、也可以治疗时提高疗效、还可以病后巩固疗效防止复发,已经成为近年来中医学研究的热点。
“三维辨治疗法”就是将“辨证、辨病、辨体”三种辨治体系有机结合在一起,既能提高疗效,又可以覆盖预防、治疗、康复全过程,是当前以及今后一个时期内中医治疗学发展的最前沿。本方遵循这一原则,既有辨证论治发挥针对痰湿证候的、全面的化湿治疗作用,又有辨体施调发挥针对痰湿体质的调理作用,还有兼顾辨病论治发挥针对高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)的降脂减重作用,故功效全面,组方理念先进,现有技术基础上的中药制剂仅具有“辨证论治”一种辨治方法。
c)专项功能全面,本发明膏方既然是预防与治疗并用之剂,那么在祛湿方法的运用方面就不是局限于一种而是应用多种祛湿方法。中医祛湿方法一般有以下几种:健脾化湿、行气化湿、芳香化湿、淡渗利湿、苦寒燥湿等等。而本发明膏方要从改变痰湿体质入手,并且预防与治疗并重,所以包含了上述五种祛湿方法,并且加入降脂的专药,所以不同于现有技术的祛湿类方剂组成,祛湿的专项功能更加全面,而且调理干预体质与治疗痰湿证候、降脂同用,功能更加全面。
d)本方方解:
健脾化湿----炒白术,山药
行气化湿----枳壳,厚朴,陈皮,莱菔子
芳香化湿----藿香,佩兰,砂仁,白豆蔻,苍术
淡渗利湿----茯苓,炒薏米,泽泻
苦寒燥湿----黄连,黄芩
化痰降脂----清半夏,绞股蓝,荷叶,山楂
矫味收膏----蜂蜜
e)方便性舒适性,中药膏方为中药古代四大剂型之一,具有体积小、疗效高、口感好、用途广泛、服用方便等优点,适于养生保健、调理体质需要较长时间服用中药的要求,目前已成为中医“治未病”最重要的干预措施。
现有技术纠正“痰湿体质”大多采用中药汤剂,众所周知汤剂煎服法不方便、口感差、胃肠负担重,不利于长期服用,特别是预防性服用很难长期坚持,而痰湿体质形成日久,“痰湿”蕴结难解,中药干预时间也相对较长,将难以服用的汤剂改为方便服用的膏方则很好的解决了这些问题,膏方具有使用方便(无须煎煮)、携带方便、口感好、胃肠负担小,适宜长期服用,膏药物浓度更高,更适合现代人的需求。
f)改进部分工艺,膏方加工过程中,最后凉膏环节,现有技术及传统工艺均采取自然(自有)环境下凉膏法,此种方法成膏膏体受污染的机率很大,致使加工后的膏方容易出现杂菌生长、霉变等不良现象,本发明在凉膏环节增加了在无菌净化间中或无菌超净工作台上凉膏的工艺,避免了杂菌生长、霉变等的出现,弥补了现有技术的不足。
g)从临床观察结果表明本发明的疗效效果。
1)选取参试者200例,男性120例,女性80例,年龄35--50岁。按随机方法分为观察组、对照组,每组100例,男性60例,女性40例。
2)使用方法如下:观察组服用本发明膏方,每次20ml,每日2次,饭后半小时口服,服用疗程:6个月。对照组服用参苓白术散,每次9克,每日2次,饭后半小时口服,服用疗程:6个月。
3)疗效判断,治愈:用药一个疗程后痰湿体质转化为平和体质;或体重下降,体重指数(BMI)恢复在正常范围(18.5-24kg/m2);或血清胆固醇和甘油三酯指标恢复在正常范围。
有效:痰湿体质未能转化为平和体质,但痰湿体质转化分下降率大于5%;或体重指数(BMI)未能恢复在正常范围,但体重指数(BMI)下降率大于15%;或血清胆固醇和甘油三酯指标未能恢复在正常范围,但至少有一项下降率大于50%。
无效:体质转化、体重指数、血脂指标均无改善。
临床疗效结果如下表1:
组别 | 病例数 | 治愈数 | 治愈率 | 有效数 | 有效率 | 无效数 | 总有效率 |
观察组 | 100 | 32 | 32% | 56 | 56% | 12 | 88% |
对照组 | 100 | 17 | 17% | 52 | 52% | 31 | 69% |
临床疗效结果表明,服用本中药膏方后,痰湿体质得到明显改善,部分痰湿体质转化为平和体质,或痰湿体质转化分较治疗前明显下降,体重指数(BMI)明显下降,血脂数值明显下降,治疗后总有效率、治愈率观察组明显高于对照组。
总之,本发明是用于干预痰湿体质的中药膏方,具有适用范围广泛、功效全面、组方理念先进、制作工艺有创新等特点,作用机制明确,质量可控,成本低,毒副作用小。本方既针对痰湿体质进行预防性养生调理以达到预防高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)的发生;也针对痰湿体质基础上发生的高脂血症、脂肪肝、肥胖症(超重)进行化湿祛痰、降脂减重治疗。既可用于养生调理,也可用于疾病治疗。本发明制备方法简单、使用方便、口感舒适、易于实现,具有广阔的社会效益和经济效益。
具体实施方式
一种干预痰湿体质的中药膏方,由以下重量份数的原料组分制成:炒白术10-40份、山药10-40份、茯苓10-40份、炒薏米10-40份、泽泻10-40份、藿香5-20份、佩兰5-25份、砂仁5-30份、白豆蔻10-40份、苍术10-40份、枳壳10-40份、厚朴10-40份、陈皮5-25份、清半夏10-40份、莱菔子10-40份、黄连10-30份、黄芩10-30份、荷叶5-30份、绞股蓝10-40份、山楂10-40份、蜂蜜10-50份。
一种干预痰湿体质的中药膏方,由以下重量份数的原料组分制成:炒白术20-30份、山药20-30份、茯苓20-30份、炒薏米20-30份、泽泻20-30份、藿香10-15份、佩兰10-20份、砂仁10-20份、白豆蔻20-30份、苍术20-30份、枳壳20-30份、厚朴20-30份、陈皮10-20份、清半夏20-30份、莱菔子20-30份、黄连15-25份、黄芩15-25份、荷叶10-25份、绞股蓝20-30份、山楂20-30份和蜂蜜20-40份。
将上述各组份制成本发明干预痰湿体质的中药膏方的工艺方法,步骤如下:
第一步称量:按照配比称取原料组分。
第二步水提取:将各原料组分(蜂蜜除外)置水提取罐中,按重量计加入原料组分的6-10倍量水,煎煮2次,每次煎煮沸腾后蒸汽压力0.03-0.04Mpa,每次煎煮1-4小时,两次煎煮液合并,滤过成滤液。
第三步浓缩:将滤液置于浓缩罐中,浓缩至相对密度为1.01-1.03清膏,浓缩温度50-100℃。
第四歩收膏:将清膏慢火熬炼,熬至药液浓度黏稠,药液在均匀倒下时成线条状,再将蜂蜜放入,文火慢炼收膏至成膏,装瓶,勿加盖。
第五歩凉膏:将装瓶未加盖的成膏置于无菌净化间中或无菌超净工作台上凉膏,待成膏温度降至室温时加盖密封。
以上组成中,重量是以生药计算的,份为重量份,不同的重量单位可以制成若干个制剂单位的成品制剂,例如以上某种组成可制成药物制剂10-40个制剂单位,所述制剂单位是指制成的成品药物的单位,成品药物可以是固体制剂,也可以是液体制剂,也可以是其他中药剂型。
以上组成可制成1-6次服用剂量的制剂,如作为片剂,制成18片,每次服用剂量3-18片,共可服用1-6次,如作为颗粒剂,制成6袋,共可服用2-3天。
以上组成是按重量份配比的,在生产时可按照相应比例增大或减少,如大规模生产可以以公斤为单位,或以吨为单位,小规模试验生产也可以毫克为单位,重量可以增大或减少,但各组成之间的生药材重量配比的比例不变。
以上重量的配比是经过科学筛选得到的,对于特殊病人,如重症或轻症,肥胖或瘦小的病人,可以相应调整组成的量的配比,增加或减少不超过300%,药效不变。
以上组成中的单味中药,尤其是臣药及佐药,也可以被适当的具有相同药性的中药替换,替换后的中药制剂其药物作用不变。
本发明的中药膏方,是通过将上述配方组成的药物原料经过提取或其它方式加工,制成药物活性物质,随后,以该物质为原料,需要时加入药物可接受的载体,按照制剂学的常规技术制成的,活性物质可以通过分别提取植物药原料得到,也可以通过共同提取植物药原料得到,也可以通过其他方式得到,如:粉碎、压榨、煅烧、研磨、过筛、渗漉、萃取、水提、醇提、脂提、层析等方法得到,这些活性物质可以是浸膏形式的物质,可以是干浸膏或流浸膏,根据制剂的不同需要制成不同的浓度。
本发明的中药膏方中的药物活性物质,其在制剂中所占的重量百分比可以是0.1-99.9%,其余为药物可接受的载体。本发明的中药膏方,以单位计量形式存在,所述单位计量形式是指制剂的单位,如茶剂的每袋、片剂的每片、胶囊的每粒、口服液的每瓶、颗粒剂的每袋等。
本发明的中药膏方可以是任何可药用的剂型,这些剂型包括茶剂、片剂、糖衣片剂、薄膜衣片剂、肠溶衣片剂、胶囊剂、硬胶囊剂、软胶囊剂、口服液、口含剂、颗粒剂、冲剂、丸剂、散剂、膏剂、丹剂、混悬剂、粉剂、溶液剂、注射剂、栓剂、软膏剂、硬膏剂、霜剂、喷雾剂、滴剂、贴剂。本发明的制剂,优选的是口服剂型,如膏方(膏滋剂)、茶剂、片剂、糖衣片剂、薄膜衣片剂、肠溶衣片剂、胶囊剂、硬胶囊剂、软胶囊剂、口服液、口含剂、颗粒剂、冲剂、散剂等。
本发明的中药膏方,其口服给药的制剂可含有常用的赋形剂,诸如粘合剂、填充剂、稀释剂、压片剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、着色剂、调味剂和湿润剂,必要时可对片剂进行包衣。
适用的填充剂包括纤维素、甘露糖醇、乳糖和其他类似的填充剂。适宜的崩解剂包括淀粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和淀粉衍生物,例如羟基乙酸淀粉钠。适宜的润滑剂包括硬脂酸镁。适宜的药物可接受的湿润剂包括十二烷基硫酸钠。
可通过混合、填充、压片等常用的方法制备固体口服组合物。进行反复混合可使活性物质分布在整个使用大量填充剂的那些组合物中。
口服液体制剂的形式,例如可以是水性或油性悬浮液、溶液、乳剂、糖浆剂或酊剂,或者可以是一种在使用前可用水或其他适宜的载体复配的干燥产品。这种液体制剂可含有常规的添加剂,诸如悬浮剂,例如山梨醇、糖浆、甲基纤维素、明胶、羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、硬脂酸铝凝胶或氢化食用脂肪,乳化剂,例如卵磷脂、脱水山梨醇-油酸酯或阿拉伯胶,非水性载体(它们可以包括食用油),例如杏仁油、分馏椰子油、丙二醇或乙醇;防腐剂,例如对羟基苯甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸酯或山梨醇,并且如果需要,可含有常规的香味剂或着色剂。
对于注射剂,制备的液体单位剂型含有本发明的活性物质和无菌载体。根据载体和浓度,可以将此化合物悬浮或者溶解。溶液的制备通常是通过将活性物质溶解在一种载体中,再将其装入一种适宜的小瓶或安瓿前过滤消毒,然后密封。辅料例如一种局部麻醉剂、防腐剂和缓冲剂也可以溶解在这种载体中。为了提高其稳定性,可在装入小瓶以后将这种组合物冰冻,并在真空下将水除去。
本发明的中药膏方,在制备成药剂时可选择性的加入适合的药物可接受的载体,药物可接受的载体选自:甘露醇、山梨醇、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、硫代硫酸钠、盐酸半胱氨酸、巯基乙酸、蛋氨酸、维生素C、EDTA二钠、EDTA钙钠,一价碱金属的碳酸盐、醋酸盐、磷酸盐或其水溶液、盐酸、醋酸、硫酸、磷酸、氨基酸、氯化钠、氯化钾、乳酸钠、木糖醇、麦芽糖、葡萄糖、果糖、右旋糖苷、甘氨酸、淀粉、蔗糖、乳糖、甘露糖醇、硅衍生物、纤维素及其衍生物、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、甘油、土温80、琼脂、碳酸钙、碳酸氢钙、表面活性剂、聚乙二醇、环糊精、β 环糊精、磷脂类材料、高岭土、滑石粉、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁等。
本发明的中药膏方在使用时根据病人的情况确定用法用量,可每日服二、或三次,每次1-20剂,如:1-20袋、或1-20粒、或1-20片。
本发明所用药材具有如下特征:
白术:
[别名] 于术、冬术、浙术、种术。[来源] 本品为菊科植物白术Atractylodesmacrocephala Koidz. 的干燥根茎。[性味] 苦、甘,温。[归经] 归脾、胃经。[功能主治] 健脾益气,燥湿利水,止汗。
山药:
[别名]薯蓣、土薯、山薯蓣、怀山药、淮山、白山药。[来源]本品为薯蓣科植物薯蓣Dioscorea opposita Thunb. 的干燥根茎。[性味]甘、平。[归经]归脾、肺、肾经。[功能主治]补脾胃,益肺肾。
茯苓:
[别名] 茯苓个、茯苓皮、茯苓块、赤茯苓、白茯苓。[来源]本品为多孔菌科真菌茯苓Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf 的干燥菌核。[性味] 甘、淡,平。[归经] 归心、肺、脾、肾经。[功能主治] 利水渗湿,健脾宁心。
薏米:
[别名]薏苡仁、苡仁、六谷子。[来源]禾本科多年生草本植物薏米Coix lacryma-jobiL.var.mayuen(Roman.)Stapf的干燥成熟果仁。[性味]甘、淡,微寒。[归经]脾、胃、肺、大肠经。[功能主治]利水渗湿,健脾止泻,除痹,清热排脓。
泽泻:
[别名] 水泽、如意花、车苦菜、天鹅蛋、天秃、一枝花。[来源] 本品为泽泻科植物泽泻Alisma orientalis (Sam.)Juzep. 的干燥块茎。[性味] 甘,寒。[归经] 归肾、膀胱经。[功能主治] 利小便,清湿热。用于小便不利,水肿胀满,泄泻尿少,痰饮眩晕,热淋涩痛。
藿香:
[别名]合香、苍告、山茴香。[来源]唇形科草本植物藿香Agastache rugosa (Fisch.et Mey.) O. Ktze的全草。[性味]辛,微温[归经]归脾、胃、肺经。[功能主治]芳香化湿,和中止呕,发散表邪。
佩兰:
[别名]鸡骨香、水香。[来源]为菊科多年生草本植物兰草Eupatorium fortuneiTurcz.的全草。[性味]辛,平。[归经]归脾、胃经。[功能主治]芳香化湿,发散表邪。
砂仁:
[别名]阳春砂仁,长泰砂仁,小豆蔻。[来源]为姜科多年生草本植物Amomum villosumLour.的干燥成熟果实。[性味]辛,温。[归经]归脾、胃、肾经。[功能主治]化湿行气,温脾止泻,安胎。
白豆蔻:
[别名]多骨、壳蔻、白蔻。[来源]为姜科多年生草本植物Amomum cardamomum L.的种子。[性味]辛,温。[归经]归脾、胃经。[功能主治]化湿行气,温中止呕。
苍术:
[别名] 赤术、枪头菜[来源] 本品为菊科植物茅苍术Atractylodes lancea(Thunb.)DC. 或北苍术Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. 的干燥根茎。[性味] 辛、苦,温。[归经] 归脾、胃、肝经。[功能主治]燥湿健脾,祛风散寒,明目。
枳壳:
[来源]芸香科小乔木植物酸橙Citrus aurantium L.或香橼Citrus wilsoniiTanaka.接近成熟的果实。[性味]苦、辛、微酸,微温。[归经]归脾、胃经。[功能主治]行气消痰,散结消痞。
厚朴:
[别名]紫朴、紫油朴、温朴。[来源]为木兰科落叶乔木植物厚朴Magnolia officinalisRehd. et Wils.的树皮。[性味]苦、辛,温。[归经]归脾、胃、肺、大肠经。[功能主治]行气燥湿,降逆平喘。
陈皮:
[别名]橘皮、广陈皮、新会皮。[来源]为芸香科常绿小乔木植物橘树Citrusreticulata Blanco干燥成熟果实的果皮。[性味]苦、辛,温。[归经]归脾、肺经。[功能主治]行气健脾,燥湿化痰,降逆止呕。
清半夏:
[别名]三叶半夏、三步跳、麻王果、燕子尾、地文。[来源]为天南星科多年生草本植物半夏Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit.的地下块茎,[性味]辛,温。有毒。[归经]归脾、胃、肺经。[功能主治]燥湿化痰,降逆止呕,消痞散结。
莱菔子:
[别名]萝卜子、芦菔子、萝白子、菜头子。[来源]为十字花科一年生或二年生草本植物莱菔Raphanus sativus L.的干燥成熟种子。[性味]辛、甘,平。[归经]归肺、脾、胃经。[功能主治]消食除胀,祛痰降气。
黄连:
[别名]味连、川连、鸡爪连。[来源]为毛茛科、黄连属多年生草本植物黄连Coptischinensis Franch.的根茎。[性味]苦,寒。[归经]归心、肝、胃、大肠经。[功能主治]清热燥湿,泻火解毒。
黄芩:
[别名]山茶根、土金茶根。[来源]为唇形科黄芩属多年生草本植物黄芩Scutellariabaicalensis Georgi的根。[性味]苦,寒。[归经]肺、胆、胃、大肠经。[功能主治]清热燥湿,泻火解毒,止血,安胎。
绞股蓝:
[别名]天堂草、福音草、超人参、公罗锅底、遍地生根、七叶胆、五叶参和七叶参、小苦药。[来源]为葫芦科绞股蓝属草质攀援植物绞股蓝Gynostemmapentaphyllum (Thunb.)Makino。[性味]苦、微甘,凉。[归经]归肺、脾、肾。[功能主治]益气健脾,化痰止咳,清热解毒。
荷叶:
[别名]莲花茎、莲茎、莲叶、芙蕖。[来源]莲科莲属多年生草本挺水植物莲Lotus Leaf的叶。[性味]苦、甘,平。[归经]归心,肝经。[功能主治]清心解暑、散瘀止血、消风祛湿。
山楂:
[来源] 本品为蔷薇科植物山里红Crataegus pinnatifida e.var.major N.E.Br. 或山楂Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. 的干燥成熟果实。[性味] 酸、甘、微温。[归经] 归脾、胃、肝经。[功能主治] 消食健胃,行气散瘀。
蜂蜜:
[别名]石蜜、石饴、食蜜、蜜、白蜜、白沙蜜、蜜糖、沙蜜、蜂糖。 [来源]为蜜蜂科动物中华蜜蜂或意大利蜜蜂所酿的蜜糖。Apis cerana Fabr2.Apis mellifera L. [性味] 甘,平[归经]归 脾、胃、肺、大肠经。 [功能主治] 调补脾胃;缓急止痛;润肺止咳;润肠通便;润肤生肌;解毒。
通过以下具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但不作为对本发明的限制。
实施例1、一种干预痰湿体质的中药膏方,由以下重量份数的原料组分:
炒白术30份、山药30份、茯苓30份、炒薏米30份、泽泻30份、藿香15份、佩兰20份、砂仁25份、白豆蔻30份、苍术30份、枳壳30份、厚朴30份、陈皮20份、清半夏30份、莱菔子30份、黄连20份、黄芩20份、荷叶20份、绞股蓝30份、山楂30份和蜂蜜40份。
其制备方法,步骤如下:
第一步称量:按照配比称取原料组分。
第二步水提取:将各原料组分(蜂蜜除外)置水提取罐中,按重量计加入原料组分的6-10倍量水,煎煮2次,每次煎煮沸腾后蒸汽压力0.03-0.04Mpa,每次煎煮1-4小时,两次煎煮液合并,滤过成滤液。
第三步浓缩:将滤液置于浓缩罐中,浓缩至相对密度为1.01-1.03清膏。浓缩温度50-100℃。
第四歩收膏:将清膏慢火熬炼,熬至药液浓度黏稠,药液在均匀倒下时成线条状,再将蜂蜜放入,文火慢炼收膏至成膏,装瓶,勿加盖。
第五歩凉膏:将装瓶未加盖的成膏置于无菌净化间中或无菌超净工作台上凉膏,待成膏温度降至室温时加盖密封。
实施例2、一种干预痰湿体质的中药膏方,由以下重量份数的原料组分:
炒白术10份、山药10份、茯苓10份、炒薏米10份、泽泻10份、藿香5份、佩兰5份、砂仁5份、白豆蔻10份、苍术10份、枳壳10份、厚朴10份、陈皮5份、清半夏10份、莱菔子10份、黄连10份、黄芩10份、荷叶5份、绞股蓝10份、山楂10份和蜂蜜10份。
本发明干预痰湿体质的中药膏方制备方法,按照实施例1的制备方法制备。
实施例3、一种干预痰湿体质的中药膏方,由以下重量份数的原料组分:
炒白术15份、山药15份、茯苓15份、炒薏米15份、泽泻15份、藿香15份、佩兰15份、砂仁5份、白豆蔻15份、苍术15份、枳壳15份、厚朴15份、陈皮5份、清半夏10份、莱菔子20份、黄连15份、黄芩15份、荷叶10份、绞股蓝20份、山楂20份、蜂蜜30份。
本发明干预痰湿体质的中药膏方制备方法,按照实施例1的制备方法制备。
实施例4、一种干预痰湿体质的中药膏方,由以下重量份数的原料组分:
炒白术40份、山药40份、茯苓40份、炒薏米40份、泽泻40份、藿香20份、佩兰25份、砂仁30份、白豆蔻40份、苍术40份、枳壳40份、厚朴40份、陈皮25份、清半夏40份、莱菔子40份、黄连30份、黄芩30份、荷叶30份、绞股蓝40份、山楂40份和蜂蜜50份。
本发明干预痰湿体质的中药膏方制备方法,按照实施例1的制备方法制备。
实施例5、一种干预痰湿体质的中药膏方,由以下重量份数的原料组分:
炒白术20份、山药20份、茯苓20份、炒薏米20份、泽泻20份、藿香15份、佩兰15份、砂仁10份、白豆蔻20份、苍术20份、枳壳20份、厚朴20份、陈皮10份、清半夏15份、莱菔子20份、黄连20份、黄芩15份、荷叶10份、绞股蓝20份、山楂20份和蜂蜜20份。
本发明用于痰湿体质的中药膏方制备方法,按照实施例1的制备方法制备。
实施例6、一种干预痰湿体质的中药膏方,由以下重量份数的原料组分:
炒白术35份、山药35份、茯苓35份、炒薏米25份、泽泻35份、藿香15份、佩兰20份、砂仁25份、白豆蔻35份、苍术35份、枳壳35份、厚朴35份、陈皮20份、清半夏35份、莱菔子35份、黄连25份、黄芩25份、荷叶25份、绞股蓝35份、山楂35份和蜂蜜45份。
本发明干预痰湿体质的中药膏方制备方法,按照实施例1的制备方法制备。
实施例1中用于痰湿体质的中药膏方的制备方法,也可以根据需要制备成其它常用剂型。
以上以实施例3为最佳实施方案。
通过以下实验进一步说明本发明的中药膏方的治疗效果。
以下对上述中药膏方干预痰湿体质人群的临床应用加以说明。
通过实施国家食品药品监督管理局批复的临床试验方案,对痰湿体质人群进行了痰湿体质指标、痰湿证候指标、体重指数、血脂指标进行观察。
观察指标有:痰湿证候指标,包括形体肥胖、腹部肥满、口舌粘腻、面部皮肤油脂较多,多汗且粘,胸闷,痰多,喜食肥甘厚味 ,舌苔腻,脉滑等症状;中医证候积分指标;中医证候单项指标;体重指数;血脂指标;总有效率、显效率、无效率等项。研究中采用阳性对照方法,按照国际通行的疗效评价标准对其评价,结果显示该中药膏方是干预痰湿体质人群的有效而安全的内服药物制剂。
采用阳性对照方法,临床观察痰湿体质人群200例,其中观察组100例,用本中药膏方每次20ml,每日2次,服用6个月,对照组100例,服用参苓白术散,每次9g,每日2次,服用6个月,结果如下:
治疗后中医证候疗效比较见表2。观察组总有效率为92%,显效率为88%;对照组总有效率为82%,显效率为72%。
表2 两组治疗后中医症候总有效率疗效比较[例数(%)]
组别 | 例数 | 显效(%) | 有效(%) | 无效(%) | 总有效率(%) |
观察组 | 100 | 88(88) | 4(4) | 8(8) | 92(92) |
对照组 | 100 | 72(72) | 10(10) | 18(18) | 82(82) |
(注:总有效率=显效+有效)
以上各项指标观察组与对照组比较,观察组在总有效率、显效率方面均优于对照药。治疗前后安全性指标无显著性差异(P>0.05 ),治疗过程中及治疗后均未发生不良反应。
h)典型病例
病例1:李某艳,女,45岁,天津市人。就诊登记号1459516。主诉:腹胀嗳气。患者近半年来腹胀脘痞,嗳气频作,受凉明显,大便粘腻,咽不舒,时有痰,咳吐不畅,寐欠安,舌红苔白,脉沉兼滑。体质辨识测定结果:痰湿质。服用本发明膏方,每天早晚各1次,每次20毫升,连续服用6个月。腹胀嗳气消失,大便基本成形略有粘腻,夜寐安,咽部偶有痰,咳吐顺畅,舌红苔薄,脉沉有力不滑。体质辨识测定结果:平和质。
病例2:李某超,男,35岁,天津市人。就诊登记号2662102。主诉自汗出,头沉重数月余。查体结果:超重,体重指数(BMI)27.05;血脂增高:胆固醇8.91mmol/L,甘油三酯4.26mmol/L;体质辨识测定:痰湿质,体质转化分65.3。主要表现:自汗出多,头部沉重如裹,倦怠乏力,胸闷气短,脘痞纳呆,形体肥胖,腹部肥满,舌苔白腻而厚,脉沉而滑。服用本发明膏方,每天早晚各1次,每次20毫升,连续服用6个月。自觉症状基本消失,形体肥胖腹部肥满减轻,体重指数降至24.86,血脂降至胆固醇5.56mmol/L,甘油三酯1.86mmol/L,体质辨识测定仍为痰湿质,但体质转化分下降至42.8,下降率为34.5%,大于5%,体质干预有效。
Claims (4)
1.一种干预痰湿体质的中药膏方,其特征在于,由以下重量份数的原料组分制成:炒白术10-40份、山药10-40份、茯苓10-40份、炒薏米10-40份、泽泻10-40份、藿香5-20份、佩兰5-25份、砂仁5-30份、白豆蔻10-40份、苍术10-40份、枳壳10-40份、厚朴10-40份、陈皮5-25份、清半夏10-40份、莱菔子10-40份、黄连10-30份、黄芩10-30份、荷叶5-30份、绞股蓝10-40份、山楂10-40份、蜂蜜10-50份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种干预痰湿体质的中药膏方,其特征在于,由以下重量份数的原料组分制成:炒白术20-30份、山药20-30份、茯苓20-30份、炒薏米20-30份、泽泻20-30份、藿香10-15份、佩兰10-20份、砂仁10-20份、白豆蔻20-30份、苍术20-30份、枳壳20-30份、厚朴20-30份、陈皮10-20份、清半夏20-30份、莱菔子20-30份、黄连15-25份、黄芩15-25份、荷叶10-25份、绞股蓝20-30份、山楂20-30份和蜂蜜20-40份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种干预痰湿体质的中药膏方,其特征在于,由以下重量份数的原料组分制成:炒白术15份、山药15份、茯苓15份、炒薏米15份、泽泻15份、藿香15份、佩兰15份、砂仁5份、白豆蔻15份、苍术15份、枳壳15份、厚朴15份、陈皮5份、清半夏10份、莱菔子20份、黄连15份、黄芩15份、荷叶10份、绞股蓝20份、山楂20份、蜂蜜30份。
4.一种采用权利要求1或2或3所述的干预痰湿体质的中药膏方制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
第一步称量:按照配比称取原料组分;
第二步水提取:将蜂蜜除外的各原料组分置水提取罐中,按重量计加入原料组分的6-10倍量水,煎煮2次,每次煎煮沸腾后蒸汽压力0.03-0.04Mpa煎煮1-4小时,两次煎煮液合并,滤过成滤液;
第三步浓缩:将滤液置于浓缩罐中,浓缩至相对密度为1.01-1.03清膏,浓缩温度50-100℃;
第四歩收膏:将清膏慢火熬炼,熬至药液浓度黏稠,药液在均匀倒下时成线条状,再将蜂蜜放入,文火慢炼收膏至成膏,装瓶,勿加盖;
第五歩凉膏:将装瓶未加盖的成膏置于无菌净化间中或无菌超净工作台上凉膏,待成膏温度降至室温时加盖密封。
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Application publication date: 20181113 |
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RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |