CN108066373A - 一种防治2型糖尿病的药物及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防治2型糖尿病的药物及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于中药应用领域,涉及一种中药在防治2型糖尿病中的应用,其中所述中药为:火索麻。同时提供一种防治2型糖尿病药物的制备方法,本药物用于治疗2型糖尿病。火索麻传统入药部位是根部,本发明的效果是该药物突破了火索麻的传统入药部位,用其果实入药,对2型糖尿病的预防和治疗作用明显优于同类药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种药物,特别是一种防治2型糖尿病的药物及制备方法。
背景技术
糖尿病是由遗传和环境因素共同引起的一组以糖代谢紊乱为临床表现的临床综合症。临床上以慢性高血糖为主要特征,以多食、多饮、多尿、体重减轻等为主要临床表现。1980年的流行病学资料显示,我国糖尿病的患病率约为0.67%,而到2016年,经调查分析,估算我国成人糖尿病患病率已超过10%。糖尿病的危害巨大,严重影响了患者的生存质量,也对社会造成了沉重的负担。糖尿病古称为消渴,是由于阴亏燥热,五脏虚损所导致的以多饮、多尿、多食及消瘦、疲乏、尿甜为主要特征的综合病症。现代医学研究表明,糖尿病的产生主要是因为胰岛细胞受损、胰岛素分泌不足、或者机体功能紊乱造成机体对胰岛素敏感性下降,从而无法起到调节血糖的功能而引起糖尿病。糖尿病目前尚无根治的办法。
中医是我国的传统医学,在中国的历史发展中发挥了无可替代的作用。近年来,中医在治疗糖尿病领域亦发挥着重要的、独特的、不可替代的作用。
火索麻出自《中药大辞典》,来源于梧桐科山芝麻属植物扭蒴山芝麻Helicteresisora L.,传统以根入药。秋冬采集,切碎晒干。具有解表,理气止痛的功效。用于感冒发热,慢性胃炎,胃溃疡,肠梗阻。
本课题组在大量临床实践的基础上,发现火索麻果实具有良好的控制血糖的作用,尤其对2型糖尿病效果良好,且来源丰富,成本低廉,具有较高的临床实用价值与社会效益。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种防治2型糖尿病的药物及制备方法,用于治疗2型糖尿病。本发明的效果是该药物突破了火索麻的传统使用部位,用其果实入药,对2型糖尿病的预防和治疗作用明显优于同类药物。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是提供一种防治2型糖尿病的药物及制备方法。
所述中药的成人每日用量相当于生药1-50g。
同时还提供一种防治2型糖尿病药物的制备方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
a)水提取:将火索麻置水提取罐中,按重量计加入所述药物的6-10倍量水,煎煮2次,每次1-4小时,沸腾后蒸汽压力0.03-0.04Mpa,合并煎液,滤过;
b)浓缩:将水提取滤液置浓缩罐中,浓缩至相对密度为1.01-1.03,温度50℃的清膏,浓缩温度50-100℃;
c)颗粒剂的制备:
a′)将b)步骤中的清膏平铺于真空干燥箱中真空干燥,真空度-0.06~-0.09Mpa,温度40-100℃,得干膏;
b′)干膏粉碎成极细粉,过200目筛;
c′)干膏粉兑入适量糊精,过筛,混合均匀,混合时间10-50分钟;
d′)混合后的干膏粉用95%乙醇制粒,制粒时间3-10分钟;
e′)将d′)项中所制的湿颗粒平铺于干燥箱中干燥,铺层厚度1-4cm,干燥温度50-100℃;
f′)将干燥后的颗粒整粒,用目数为14目的筛网整粒;
g′)装袋,每袋装0.3-0.5g。
具体实施方式
结合实施例对本发明的一种防治2型糖尿病的药物及制备方法加以详细说明。
临床前药效学实验研究揭示了火索麻果实提取物对链脲霉素诱导的糖尿病大鼠具有明显的治疗作用,跟对照组相比,火索麻果实提取物组能够明显降低大鼠血清和肝脂水平,其中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、磷脂、LDL、VLDL和HDL水平均明显降低,血脂甚至能够恢复到接近正常水平,显示出了与格列本脲类似的作用机制。
临床疗效结果表明,服用火索麻果实提取物后,中医症候阴亏燥热、多饮、多尿、多食及消瘦、疲乏无力等符合2型糖尿病临床表现的诸项指标均具显效;中医证候诸项指标治疗后与对照组比较,治疗组总有效率和愈显率均明显优于对照组;疗后中医证候总有效率和愈显率治疗组明显高于对照组。说明该药物的临床治疗效果明显优于已有同类药物。
所述中药的成人每日用量相当于生药1-50g。
本发明的防治2型糖尿病药物的制备方法,其方法如下:
a)水提取:将火索麻果实置水提取罐中,按重量计加入所述药物的6-10倍量水,煎煮2次,每次1-4小时,沸腾后蒸汽压力0.03-0.04Mpa,合并煎液,滤过;
b)浓缩:将水提取滤液置浓缩罐中,浓缩至相对密度为1.01-1.03,温度50℃的清膏,浓缩温度50-100℃;
c)颗粒剂的制备:
a′)将b)步骤中的清膏平铺于真空干燥箱中真空干燥,真空度-0.06~-0.09Mpa,温度40-100℃,得干膏;
b′)干膏粉碎成极细粉,过200目筛;
c′)干膏粉兑入适量糊精,过筛,混合均匀,混合时间10-50分钟;
d′)混合后的干膏粉用95%乙醇制粒,制粒时间3-10分钟;
e′)将d′)项中所制的湿颗粒平铺于干燥箱中干燥,铺层厚度1-4cm,干燥温度50-100℃;
f′)将干燥后的颗粒整粒,用目数为14目的筛网整粒;
g′)装袋,每袋装0.3-0.5g。
以上组成中,重量是以生药计算的,份为重量份,若以克为单位,以上组成可制成药物制剂10-50个制剂单位,所述制剂单位指,制成的成品药物制剂,如制成固体制剂10-50个单位,口服液......毫升等。
以上组成可制成1-6次服用剂量的制剂,如作为片剂,制成18片,每次服用剂量3-18片,共可服用1-6次,如作为颗粒剂,制成6袋,共可服用2-5天。
以上组成是按重量份配比的,在生产时可按照相应比例增大或减少,如大规模生产可以以公斤为单位,或以吨为单位,小规模试验生产也可以毫克为单位,重量可以增大或减少。
以上剂量是经过科学筛选得到的,对于特殊病人,如重症或轻症,肥胖或瘦小的病人,可以相应调整组成的量的配比,增加或减少不超过300%,药效不变。
本发明的药物,是通过将药物原料经过提取或其它方式加工,制成药物活性物质,随后,以该物质为原料,需要时加入药物可接受的载体,按照制剂学的常规技术制成的,所述活性物质可以通过水提取原料得到,也可以通过其他方式得到,如:粉碎、压榨、煅烧、研磨、过筛、渗漉、萃取、醇提、脂提、层析等方法得到,这些活性物质可以是浸膏形式的物质,可以是干浸膏或流浸膏,根据制剂的不同需要制成不同的浓度。
本发明的药物中的药物活性物质,其在制剂中所占的重量百分比可以是0.1-99.9%,其余为药物可接受的载体。本发明的药物,以单位计量形式存在,所述单位计量形式是指制剂的单位,如茶剂的每袋、片剂的每片、胶囊的每粒、口服液的每瓶、颗粒剂的每袋等。
本发明的药物可以是任何可药用的剂型,这些剂型包括茶剂、片剂、糖衣片剂、薄膜衣片剂、肠溶衣片剂、胶囊剂、硬胶囊剂、软胶囊剂、口服液、口含剂、颗粒剂、冲剂、丸剂、散剂、膏剂、丹剂、混悬剂、粉剂、溶液剂、注射剂、栓剂、软膏剂、硬膏剂、霜剂、喷雾剂、滴剂、贴剂。本发明的制剂,优选的是口服剂型,如茶剂、片剂、糖衣片剂、薄膜衣片剂、肠溶衣片剂、胶囊剂、硬胶囊剂、软胶囊剂、口服液、口含剂、颗粒剂、冲剂、散剂等。
本发明的药物,其口服给药的制剂可含有常用的赋形剂,诸如粘合剂、填充剂、稀释剂、压片剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、着色剂、调味剂和湿润剂,必要时可对片剂进行包衣。
适用的填充剂包括纤维素、甘露糖醇、乳糖和其他类似的填充剂。适宜的崩解剂包括淀粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和淀粉衍生物,例如羟基乙酸淀粉钠。适宜的润滑剂包括硬脂酸镁。适宜的药物可接受的湿润剂包括十二烷基硫酸钠。
口服液体制剂的形式,例如可以是水性或油性悬浮液、溶液、乳剂、糖浆剂或酊剂,或者可以是一种在使用前可用水或其他适宜的载体复配的干燥产品。这种液体制剂可含有常规的添加剂,诸如悬浮剂,例如山梨醇、糖浆、甲基纤维素、明胶、羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、硬脂酸铝凝胶或氢化食用脂肪,乳化剂,例如卵磷脂、脱水山梨醇-油酸酯或阿拉伯胶,非水性载体(它们可以包括食用油),例如杏仁油、分馏椰子油、丙二醇或乙醇;防腐剂,例如对羟基苯甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸酯或山梨醇,并且如果需要,可含有常规的香味剂或着色剂。
对于注射剂,制备的液体单位剂型含有本发明的活性物质和无菌载体。根据载体和浓度,可以将此化合物悬浮或者溶解。溶液的制备通常是通过将活性物质溶解在一种载体中,再将其装入一种适宜的小瓶或安瓿前过滤消毒,然后密封。辅料例如一种局部麻醉剂、防腐剂和缓冲剂也可以溶解在这种载体中。为了提高其稳定性,可在装入小瓶以后将这种组合物冰冻,并在真空下将水除去。
本发明的药物,在制备成药剂时可选择性的加入适合的药物可接受的载体,所述药物可接受的载体选自:甘露醇、山梨醇、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、硫代硫酸钠、盐酸半胱氨酸、巯基乙酸、蛋氨酸、维生素C、EDTA二钠、EDTA钙钠,一价碱金属的碳酸盐、醋酸盐、磷酸盐或其水溶液、盐酸、醋酸、硫酸、磷酸、氨基酸、氯化钠、氯化钾、乳酸钠、木糖醇、麦芽糖、葡萄糖、果糖、右旋糖苷、甘氨酸、淀粉、蔗糖、乳糖、甘露糖醇、硅衍生物、纤维素及其衍生物、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、甘油、土温80、琼脂、碳酸钙、碳酸氢钙、表面活性剂、聚乙二醇、环糊精、β-环糊精、磷脂类材料、高岭土、滑石粉、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁等。
本发明的药物在使用时根据病人的情况确定用法用量,可每日服三次,每次1-20剂,如:1-20袋或粒或片。
通过以下具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但不作为对本发明的限制。
实施例1、本发明的药物茶剂的制备
将火索麻干燥果实粉碎成极细粉,过200目筛,混合均匀,分装,灭菌,外包装,4g/小袋。
实施例2、本发明的药物口服液的制备
a)水提取:将火索麻果实置水提取罐中,按重量计加入所述药物的6-10倍量水,煎煮2次,每次1-4小时,沸腾后蒸汽压力0.03-0.04Mpa,合并煎液,滤过;
b)浓缩:将水提取滤液置浓缩罐中,浓缩至相对密度为1.01-1.03,温度50℃的清膏,浓缩温度50-100℃;
c)口服液的制备:b)步骤中的清膏,加水至相对密度约为1.01-1.05,最佳为1.03-1.04,搅匀,灌装,灭菌,即得口服液。
实施例3、本发明的药物胶囊剂的制备
a)水提取:将火索麻果实置水提取罐中,按重量计加入所述药物的6-10倍量水,煎煮2次,每次1-4小时,沸腾后蒸汽压力0.03-0.04Mpa,合并煎液,滤过;
b)浓缩:将水提取滤液置浓缩罐中,浓缩至相对密度为1.01-1.03,温度50℃的清膏,浓缩温度50-100℃;
c)胶囊的制备:
a′)将b)步骤中的清膏平铺于真空干燥箱中,真空干燥。真空度-0.06~-0.09Mpa,温度40-100℃,得干膏;
b′)干膏粉碎成细粉80-120目;
c′)干膏粉兑入适量糊精,过筛,混合均匀,混合时间10-50分钟,最佳为30分钟;
d′)混合后的干膏粉用95%乙醇制粒,制粒时间3-10分钟,最佳制粒时间为7分钟;
e′)将d′)项中所制的湿颗粒平铺于干燥箱中,干燥,铺层厚度约1-4cm,最佳约2cm,干燥温度50-100℃;
f′)将干燥后的颗粒整粒,用目数为14目的筛网整粒;
g′)装胶囊,每粒胶囊装0.3-0.5g;
实施例4、本发明的药物片剂的制备
a)水提取:将火索麻果实置水提取罐中,按重量计加入所述药物的6-10倍量水,煎煮2次,每次1-4小时,沸腾后蒸汽压力0.03-0.04Mpa,合并煎液,滤过;
b)浓缩:将水提取滤液置浓缩罐中,浓缩至相对密度为1.01-1.03,温度50℃的清膏,浓缩温度50-100℃;
c)片剂的制备:
a′)将b)步骤中的清膏平铺于真空干燥箱中,真空干燥。真空度-0.06~-0.09Mpa,温度40-100℃,得干膏;
b′)干膏粉碎成细粉80-120目;
c′)干膏粉兑入适量糊精,过筛,混合均匀,混合时间10-50分钟,最佳为30分钟;
d′)制成片剂,每片重0.3-0.5g;
实施例5、本发明的药物颗粒剂的制备
a)水提取:将火索麻置水提取罐中,按重量计加入所述药物的6-10倍量水,煎煮2次,每次1-4小时,沸腾后蒸汽压力0.03-0.04Mpa,合并煎液,滤过;
b)浓缩:将水提取滤液置浓缩罐中,浓缩至相对密度为1.01-1.03,温度50℃的清膏,浓缩温度50-100℃;
c)颗粒剂的制备:
a′)将b)步骤中的清膏平铺于真空干燥箱中真空干燥,真空度-0.06~-0.09Mpa,温度40-100℃,得干膏;
b′)干膏粉碎成极细粉,过200目筛;
c′)干膏粉兑入适量糊精,过筛,混合均匀,混合时间10-50分钟;
d′)混合后的干膏粉用95%乙醇制粒,制粒时间3-10分钟;
e′)将d′)项中所制的湿颗粒平铺于干燥箱中干燥,铺层厚度1-4cm,干燥温度50-100℃;
f′)将干燥后的颗粒整粒,用目数为14目的筛网整粒;
g′)装袋,每袋装0.3-0.5g。
以上以实施例5为最佳实施方案
该药物的毒性试验
1、急性毒性试验:
药物浸膏按150g/kg给小鼠灌胃给药,无死亡发生,未见活动异常。相当于临床用量的10g/日,每人按60kg计算的400多倍。药物浸膏按120g/kg给大鼠灌胃给药,无死亡发生,亦未见活动异常。相当于临床用量的400多倍。
2、长期毒性试验:
药物浸膏以19、8、4g/Kg/日给大鼠连续灌胃给药3个月,对血液学指标无明显影响;对血液生化指标亦无明显影响;脏器系数、病理组织学检查亦未发现明显的病理改变。
以下对用上述药物治疗酒精性脂肪肝的临床应用加以说明。
通过实施国家食品药品监督管理总局批复的临床试验方案,对2型糖尿病患者进行了血糖、多食、多饮、多尿、体重减轻、疲乏无力、中医证候积分、中医证候单项指标、总疗效、中医证候疗效、起效时间等项的临床观察,研究中用该药物与对照药消渴丸进行比较,按照国际通行的疗效评价标准对其评价,结果显示该药物是治疗2型糖尿病的有效而安全的内服药物制剂。
采用随机双盲分层对照法,临床观察2型糖尿病患者210例,其中治疗组110例,用本药物每次4g,每日3次,服用3个月,对照组100例,服用消渴丸,每次1丸,每日2次,服用3个月。观察患者血糖、多食、多饮、多尿、体重减轻、疲乏无力、综合功能以及舌质、舌苔、脉象诸项指标的治疗前后变化情况,结果显示:
1、患者血糖治疗后恢复到0分和1分者为90例,占81.8%;多食治疗后恢复到0分和1分者为92例,占83.6%;多饮治疗后恢复到0-2分者为95例,占86.4%;多尿治疗后恢复到0-2分者占85.4%;体重减轻治疗后恢复到0-2分者占79%;疲乏无力治疗后恢复到0-2分者占83.7%;
2、治疗前后患者综合功能水平比较,病人综合功能水平治疗后恢复到0-2分水平者为84%;
3、治疗前后患者舌象、脉象积分比较,舌质、舌苔和脉象三证治疗后有显著性恢复,尤其是舌象恢复极为良好;
4、治疗后患者总疗效比较,治疗后的总有效率为85.3%,而显效率为77.3%;
5、治疗后患者中医证候疗效比较治疗后的总有效率为90.0%,愈显率为80%;
6、治疗后患者治疗组与对照组中医证候疗效比较见表1:
表1 两组治疗后中医症候总有效率疗效比较[例(%)]
7、治疗前后病人安全性指标无显著性差异(P>0.05),治疗过程中及治疗后均未发生不良反应。
以上各项指标与对照组比较,该药物的各项指标和临床疗效均优于对照药,治疗后病人各项指标和症状改善情况明显优于同类药物。
8、本说明书所述药物治疗2型糖尿病典型病例一例:
患者:孟某,男,52岁,辽宁人,血糖升高10年,2015年9月11日就诊。
患者自2005年出现口干,多饮,多尿,多食易饥,消瘦症状。2013年症状明显加重,实验室检查:空腹血糖7.4mol/L,诊为2型糖尿病。周身乏力,困倦,双下肢麻木,双目视物模糊,大小便正常。
既往史:既往高血压病史5年。药物过敏史:无。
体格检查:老年男性,神志清晰,形体消瘦,心肺(一),血压:104/70mmHg。
辅助检查:2015年9月11日空腹血糖7.87mmol/L,尿糖:50nig/dl,尿常规正常。舌质暗,舌苔薄黄,脉象细。
诊断:
中医诊断:消渴(气阴两虚,脉络瘀阻)
西医诊断:2型糖尿病
治疗:
火索麻干燥果实茶剂
方药:
使用本说明书所述药物治疗3个月,各症状均显著好转,舌淡苔白,脉象平和,精神、饮食、二便正常。实验室检查:空腹血糖5.8mmol/L。
Claims (4)
1.一种防治2型糖尿病的中药,其特征是:所述中药为火索麻。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药,其特征是:所述中药火索麻的应用部位是干燥果实。
3.根据权利要求1所述的中药,其特征是:所述中药的成人每日用量相当于生药1-50g。
4.一种防治2型糖尿病药物的制备方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
a)水提取:将火索麻置水提取罐中,按重量计加入所述药物的6-10倍量水,煎煮2次,每次1-4小时,沸腾后蒸汽压力0.03-0.04Mpa,合并煎液,滤过;
b)浓缩:将水提取滤液置浓缩罐中,浓缩至相对密度为1.01-1.03,温度50℃的清膏,浓缩温度50-100℃;
c)颗粒剂的制备:
a′)将b)步骤中的清膏平铺于真空干燥箱中真空干燥,真空度-0.06~-0.09Mpa,温度40-100℃,得干膏;
b′)干膏粉碎成极细粉,过200目筛;
c′)干膏粉兑入适量糊精,过筛,混合均匀,混合时间10-50分钟;
d′)混合后的干膏粉用95%乙醇制粒,制粒时间3-10分钟;
e′)将d′)项中所制的湿颗粒平铺于干燥箱中干燥,铺层厚度1-4cm,干燥温度50-100℃;
f′)将干燥后的颗粒整粒,用目数为14目的筛网整粒;
g′)装袋,每袋装0.3-0.5g。
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