CN108785555A - 一种治疗急性上呼吸道感染的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种治疗急性上呼吸道感染的药物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108785555A
CN108785555A CN201810926710.5A CN201810926710A CN108785555A CN 108785555 A CN108785555 A CN 108785555A CN 201810926710 A CN201810926710 A CN 201810926710A CN 108785555 A CN108785555 A CN 108785555A
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董新芳
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种治疗急性上呼吸道感染的药物及其制备方法,其主要是由大青叶、金银花、板蓝根、桔梗、荆芥、野菊花、蒲公英、浙贝母、枇杷叶、连翘、栀子、桑叶、芦根、僵蚕、陈皮、牛蒡子、甘草、大黄、玄参、淡豆豉、黄芩按一定重量配比制备而成,本发明药物具有清热解毒、凉血、祛风解痉、泻实火、除湿热的功能,用于治疗急性上呼吸道感染见效快、疗效好,不复发。

Description

一种治疗急性上呼吸道感染的药物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗急性上呼吸道感染的药物及其制备方法,属中药领域。
技术背景
急性上呼吸道感染简称上感,又称普通感冒。是包括鼻腔、咽或喉部急性炎症的总称。广义的上感不是一个疾病诊断,而是一组疾病,包括普通感冒、病毒性咽炎、喉炎、疱疹性咽峡炎、咽结膜热、细菌性咽-扁桃体炎。狭义的上感又称普通感冒,是最常见的急性呼吸道感染性疾病,多呈自限性,但发生率较高。中医则认为急性上呼吸道感染与风寒束表、风热犯表、暑湿袭表有关。由于西药治疗副作用大,因此人们对有效治疗急性上呼吸道感染的中药药物存在极大的需求,至今为止,还没有发现关于本发明的有关报道。
发明内容
本发明人依据中医理论的研究和临床试验的反复验证,终于找到了有效治疗急性上呼吸道感染的药物,从而完成了本发明。
本发明的目的就是提供一种有效治疗急性上呼吸道感染的中药组合药物。
本发明的另一目的就是提供了该中药组合药物的制备方法。
本发明是选择大青叶、金银花、板蓝根、桔梗、荆芥、野菊花、蒲公英、浙贝母、枇杷叶、连翘、栀子、桑叶、芦根、僵蚕、陈皮、牛蒡子、甘草、大黄、玄参、淡豆豉、黄芩、银柴胡、青蒿、艾叶、薄荷、葛根药物进行组合制备的,将这些药物组合使得各药物功效产生协同作用,从而能够有效治疗急性上呼吸道感染。其中选用大青叶是因为其性味苦,寒,入肝、心、胃经,有清热,解毒,凉血,止血的功能,治温病热盛烦渴,流行性感冒,急性传染性肝炎,菌痢,急性胃肠炎,急性肺炎,丹毒,吐血,衄血,黄疸,痢疾,喉痹,口疮,痈疽肿毒。选用金银花是因为其性味甘,寒,入肺、胃经,有清热,解毒的功能,治温病发热,热毒血痢,痈疡,肿毒,瘰疬,痔漏。选用板蓝根是因为其性味苦,寒,入肝、胃血分,有清热,解毒,凉血的功能,治流感,流脑,乙脑,肺炎,丹毒,热毒发斑,神昏吐衄,咽肿,痄腮,火眼,疮疹。选用桔梗是因为其性味苦辛,平,入肺、胃经,有开宣肺气,祛痰排脓的功能,治外感咳嗽,咽喉肿痛,肺痈吐脓,胸满胁痛,痢疾腹痛。选用荆芥是因为其性味辛,温,入肺、肝经,有发表,祛风,理血的功能,炒炭止血,治感冒发热,头痛,咽喉肿痛,中风口噤,吐血,衄血,便血,崩漏,产后血晕,痈肿,疮疥,瘰疬。选用野菊花是因为其性味苦辛,凉,入肺、肝经,有疏风清热,消肿解毒的功能,治风热感冒,肺炎,白喉,胃肠炎,高血压,疔,痈,口疮,丹毒,湿疹,天泡疮。选用蒲公英是因为其性味苦甘,寒,入肝、胃经,有清热解毒,利尿散结的功能,治急性乳腺炎,淋巴腺炎,瘰疬,疔毒疮肿,急性结膜炎,感冒发热,急性扁桃体炎,急性支气管炎,胃炎,肝炎,胆囊炎,尿路感染。选用浙贝母是因为其性味苦,微寒,归肺、心经,有清热散结,化痰止咳的功能,治风热犯肺,痰火咳嗽,肺痈,乳痈,瘰疬,疮毒,心胸郁闷。选用枇杷叶是因为其性味苦,凉,归肺、胃经,有清肺和胃,降气化痰,治肺热痰嗽,咳血,衄血,胃热呕哕。选用连翘是因为其性味苦,凉,入心、肝、胆经,有清热,解毒,散结,消肿的功能,治温热,丹毒,斑疹,痈疡肿毒,瘰疬,小便淋闭。选用栀子是因为其性味苦,寒,入心、肝、肺、胃经,有清热,泻火,凉血的功能,治热病虚烦不眠,黄疸,淋病,消渴,目赤,咽痛,吐血,衄血,血痢,尿血,热毒疮疡,扭伤肿痛。选用桑叶是因为其性味苦甘,寒,入肺、肝经,有祛风清热,凉血明目的功能,治风湿发热,头痛,目赤,口渴,肺热咳嗽,风痹,瘾疹,下肢象皮肿。选用芦根是因为其性味甘,寒,入肺,胃经,有清热,生津,除烦,止呕的功能,治热病烦渴,胃热呕吐,噎膈,反胃,肺痿,肺痈,并解河豚鱼毒。选用僵蚕是因为其性味辛、咸,平,归肝,肺经。祛风解痉,化痰散结。用于中风口眼歪斜,惊痫抽搐,头赐,喉痹,瘰疠结核,风疹丹毒。选用陈皮是因为其性味苦、辛,温,归肺、脾经,有理气健脾,燥湿化痰的功能,治胸脘胀满,食少吐泻,咳嗽痰多。选用牛蒡子是因为其性味辛苦,凉,入肺、胃经,有疏散风热,宣肺透疹,消肿解毒的功能,治风热咳嗽,咽喉肿痛,斑疹不透,风疹作痒,痈肿疮毒。选用甘草是因为其性味甘平,入脾、胃、肺经,有和中缓急,润肺,解毒,调和诸药的功能,炙用治脾胃虚弱,食少,腹痛便溏,劳倦发热,肺痿咳嗽,心悸,惊痈,生用治咽喉肿痛,消化性溃疡,痈疽疮疡,解药毒及食物中毒。选用大黄是因为其性味苦、寒,入胃、大肠、肝径,有泻热毒,破积滞,行瘀血的功能,治实热便秘,谵语发狂,食积痞满,痢疾初起,里急后重,瘀停经闭,癥瘕积聚,时行热疫,暴眼赤痛,吐血,衄血,阳黄,水肿,淋浊,溲赤,痈疡肿毒,疔疮,汤火伤。选用玄参是因为其性味苦,咸,凉,入肺、肾经,有滋阴,降火,除烦,解毒的功能,治热病烦渴,发斑,骨蒸劳热,夜寐不宁,自汗盗汗,津伤便秘,吐血衄血,咽喉肿痛,痈肿,瘰疬。选用淡豆豉是因为其性味苦,寒,入肺、胃经,有解表,除烦,宣郁,解毒的功能,治伤寒热病,寒热,头痛,烦燥,胸闷。选用黄芩是因为其性味苦寒,入心肺、胆、大肠经,有泻实火,除湿热,止血安胎的功能,治壮热烦渴,肺热咳嗽。选用银柴胡是因为其性味甘苦,凉,入肝、胃经,有清热凉血的功能,治虚劳骨蒸,阴虚久疟,小儿疳热羸瘦。选用青蒿是因为其性味苦,微辛,寒,归入肝、胆经,有清热,解暑,除蒸的功能,治温病,暑热,骨蒸劳热,疥疮,瘙痒。艾叶是因为其性味苦辛,温。入脾、肝、肾经。理气血,逐寒湿;温经,止血,安胎。治心腹冷痛,泄泻转筋,久痢,吐衄,下血,月经不调,崩漏,带下,胎动不安,痈疡,疥癣。选用薄荷是因为其性味辛,凉,入肺、肝经,有疏风,散热,辟秽,解毒的功能,治外感风热,头痛,目赤,咽喉肿痛,食滞气胀,口疮,牙痛,疮疥,瘾疹。选用葛根是因为其性味甘辛,平,入脾、胃经,有升阳解肌,透疹止泻,除烦止喝的功能,治伤寒,治伤寒,温热头痛项强,烦热消渴,泄泻,痢疾,癍疹不透,高血压,心绞痛,耳聋。
具体实施方式
本发明组分的药物用量也是发明人经过大量摸索总结得出的,各组分的用量在下述重量范围内都具有较好的疗效
大青叶25-35克、金银花15-20克、板蓝根10-20克、桔梗10-20克、荆芥5-15克、野菊花20-30克、蒲公英10-20克、浙贝母10-15克、枇杷叶5-15克、连翘10-15克、栀子5-15克、桑叶5-10克、芦根5-15克、僵蚕5-10克、陈皮5-15克、牛蒡子10-15克、甘草15-25克、大黄5-10克、玄参10-20克、淡豆豉5-15克、黄芩5-10克、银柴胡5-15克、青蒿5-10克、艾叶10-15克、薄荷5-15克、葛根10-15克。
优选为
大青叶30克、金银花18克、板蓝根15克、桔梗15克、荆芥10克、野菊花25克、蒲公英15克、浙贝母12克、枇杷叶10克、连翘12克、栀子10克、桑叶8克、芦根10克、僵蚕8克、陈皮10克、牛蒡子12克、甘草20克、大黄8克、玄参15克、淡豆豉10克、黄芩8克、银柴胡10克、青蒿8克、艾叶12克、薄荷10克、葛根12克。
本发明药物的制备方法如下
一、备料
1、大青叶:拣去杂质及枯叶,洗净,稍润,切段,晒干;
2、金银花:筛去泥沙,拣净杂质;
3、板蓝根:拣净杂质,洗净,润透,切片,晒干;
4、桔梗:拣净杂质,除去芦头,洗净捞出,润透后切片,晒干;
5、荆芥:拣净杂质,用水略泡,捞出切段,晒干;
6、野菊花:去净杂质,除去残根,洗净切段,晒干;
7、蒲公英:拣去杂质,,切厚片,干燥,街去碎屑,或打碎;
9、枇杷叶:刷去绒毛,用水洗净,稍润,切丝,晒干;
10、连翘:拣净杂质,搓开,除去枝梗;
11、栀子:筛去灰屑,拣去杂质,碾碎过筛或剪去两端;
12、桑叶:拣去杂质,搓碎,簸去梗,筛去泥屑;
13、芦根:拣去杂质及根,切段,晒干;
14、僵蚕:取原药材,除去残丝,杂质;
15、陈皮:取原药材,除去杂质及变黑的果皮,抢水洗净,润软,切丝,晒干或低温干燥,筛去灰屑;
16、牛蒡子:拣去杂质,筛去泥屑;
17、甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透,切片,凉干;
18、大黄:拣净杂质,大小分档,焖润至内外湿度均匀,切片或切成小块、晒干;
19、玄参:拣净杂质,除去芦头,洗净润透,切片,晾干;
20、淡豆豉:原品入药;
21、黄芩:拣去杂质,除去残茎,用凉水浸润或置开水中稍浸捞出,切片,晒干;
22、银柴胡:拣去杂质,去芦,用水洗净,稍浸泡捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
23、青蒿:拣去杂质,除去残根,水淋使润,切段,晒干;
24、艾叶:拣去杂质,去梗,筛去灰屑;
25、薄荷:拣净杂质,除去残根,先将叶抖下另放,然后将茎喷洒清水,润透后切段,晒干,再与叶和匀;
26、葛根:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡,捞出,润透,及时切片,晒干。
二、制备
1、将所述重量的大青叶、金银花、板蓝根、桔梗、荆芥、野菊花、蒲公英、浙贝母、枇杷叶、连翘、栀子、桑叶、芦根、僵蚕、陈皮、牛蒡子、甘草、大黄、玄参、淡豆豉、黄芩、银柴胡、青蒿、艾叶、薄荷、葛根放入煎药容器内,加水8倍量,浸泡100分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内;
2、将过滤的药渣加水6倍量,武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第二次煎煮液;
3、将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀,分为3剂使用。
组方中大青叶清热,解毒,凉血,止血,金银花有清热,解毒的功能二者为君药;板蓝根清热,解毒,凉血,桔梗是因为其性味苦辛,平,入肺、胃经,有开宣肺气,祛痰排脓的功能,与荆芥、野菊花、蒲公英、浙贝母、枇杷叶、连翘、栀子、桑叶、芦根为臣药,十三味药共同发挥清热解毒、凉血、止血、开宣肺气、祛痰排脓的作用,治疗急性上呼吸道感染效力全面,且以清热解毒、凉血为主,可治本;僵蚕有祛风解痉,化痰散结的功能与陈皮、牛蒡子、甘草、大黄、玄参、淡豆豉为佐药;黄芩有泻实火,除湿热,止血安胎的功能与余下诸药为使药,是治标。
本发明药物具有清热解毒、凉血、祛风解痉、泻实火、除湿热的功能,用于治疗急性上呼吸道感染,疗程短、见效快、治愈后不复发。
以下通过试验例来进一步阐述本发明所述药物的有益效果,这些试验例包括本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告和临床疗效观察资料。
[试验例1]本发明药物的动物毒性试验报告:
取家兔30只,雌雄兼用,体重2.0—2.5kg,分两组,每组15只,其中一组为超剂量试验组,另一组为正常量试验组。超常量组为20ml/kg,正常量为10ml/kg,给药方式为灌胃法给药,每天两次,连服7天,每天观察给药反应,结果表明二组家兔活动、饮食正常,药物无不良毒副作用。
[试验例2]本发明药物的临床疗效观察
1、一般资料
收治急性上呼吸道感染门诊患者共56例。
2、诊断标准
典型症状为:感冒、咽炎、喉炎、咽结膜热、扁桃体炎等。
3、治疗方法
选用上述药剂,给患者服用,每次服用1剂,每天早、晚各服1次,7天为一个疗程,连续服用2个疗程。
4、疗效评定标准
显效:急性上呼吸道感染症状消失,体质恢复正常,痊愈;
好转:患者感冒、咽炎、喉炎、咽结膜热、扁桃体炎的现象减轻,急性上呼吸道感染症状明显好转,体质逐步恢复;
无效:达不到好转标准者。
5、治疗结果(见下表)
在上述治疗中,用本发明药物治疗急性上呼吸道感染患者56例,结果显效46例,显效率为82.14%,好转8例,好转率为14.29%,无效2例,总有效率为96.43%。

Claims (3)

1.一种治疗急性上呼吸道感染的药物,其特征在于:它是由下列重量范围内的原料药制成:
大青叶25-35克、金银花15-20克、板蓝根10-20克、桔梗10-20克、荆芥5-15克、野菊花20-30克、蒲公英10-20克、浙贝母10-15克、枇杷叶5-15克、连翘10-15克、栀子5-15克、桑叶5-10克、芦根5-15克、僵蚕5-10克、陈皮5-15克、牛蒡子10-15克、甘草15-25克、大黄5-10克、玄参10-20克、淡豆豉5-15克、黄芩5-10克、银柴胡5-15克、青蒿5-10克、艾叶10-15克、薄荷5-15克、葛根10-15克。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物,其中各原料药的用量为:
大青叶30克、金银花18克、板蓝根15克、桔梗15克、荆芥10克、野菊花25克、蒲公英15克、浙贝母12克、枇杷叶10克、连翘12克、栀子10克、桑叶8克、芦根10克、僵蚕8克、陈皮10克、牛蒡子12克、甘草20克、大黄8克、玄参15克、淡豆豉10克、黄芩8克、银柴胡10克、青蒿8克、艾叶12克、薄荷10克、葛根12克。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述药物的制备方法,它包括下列步骤:
(一)备料
(1)大青叶:拣去杂质及枯叶,洗净,稍润,切段,晒干;
(2)金银花:筛去泥沙,拣净杂质;
(3)板蓝根:拣净杂质,洗净,润透,切片,晒干;
(4)桔梗:拣净杂质,除去芦头,洗净捞出,润透后切片,晒干;
(5)荆芥:拣净杂质,用水略泡,捞出切段,晒干;
(6)野菊花:去净杂质,除去残根,洗净切段,晒干;
(7)蒲公英:拣去杂质,,切厚片,干燥,街去碎屑,或打碎;
(9)枇杷叶:刷去绒毛,用水洗净,稍润,切丝,晒干;
(10)连翘:拣净杂质,搓开,除去枝梗;
(11)栀子:筛去灰屑,拣去杂质,碾碎过筛或剪去两端;
(12)桑叶:拣去杂质,搓碎,簸去梗,筛去泥屑;
(13)芦根:拣去杂质及根,切段,晒干;
(14)僵蚕:取原药材,除去残丝,杂质;
(15)陈皮:取原药材,除去杂质及变黑的果皮,抢水洗净,润软,切丝,晒干或低温干燥,筛去灰屑;
(16)牛蒡子:拣去杂质,筛去泥屑;
(17)甘草:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡至八成透时,捞出,润透,切片,凉干;
(18)大黄:拣净杂质,大小分档,焖润至内外湿度均匀,切片或切成小块、晒干;
(19)玄参:拣净杂质,除去芦头,洗净润透,切片,晾干;
(20)淡豆豉:原品入药;
(21)黄芩:拣去杂质,除去残茎,用凉水浸润或置开水中稍浸捞出,切片,晒干;
(22)银柴胡:拣去杂质,去芦,用水洗净,稍浸泡捞出,润透,切片,晒干;
(23)青蒿:拣去杂质,除去残根,水淋使润,切段,晒干;
(24)艾叶:拣去杂质,去梗,筛去灰屑;
(25)薄荷:拣净杂质,除去残根,先将叶抖下另放,然后将茎喷洒清水,润透后切段,晒干,再与叶和匀;
(26)葛根:拣去杂质,洗净,用水浸泡,捞出,润透,及时切片,晒干;
(二)制备
(1)将所述重量的大青叶、金银花、板蓝根、桔梗、荆芥、野菊花、蒲公英、浙贝母、枇杷叶、连翘、栀子、桑叶、芦根、僵蚕、陈皮、牛蒡子、甘草、大黄、玄参、淡豆豉、黄芩、银柴胡、青蒿、艾叶、薄荷、葛根放入煎药容器内,加水8倍量,浸泡100分钟后,武火煎煮沸腾,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第一次煎煮液,将第一次煎煮液倒入容器内;
(2)将过滤的药渣加水6倍量,武火煮沸,再用文火煎煮20分钟,过滤得第二次煎煮液;
(3)将两次煎煮液混合搅拌均匀,分为3剂使用。
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