CN108782390A - A method of cultivating Procambius clarkii using bioflocculation technology - Google Patents
A method of cultivating Procambius clarkii using bioflocculation technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN108782390A CN108782390A CN201810735191.4A CN201810735191A CN108782390A CN 108782390 A CN108782390 A CN 108782390A CN 201810735191 A CN201810735191 A CN 201810735191A CN 108782390 A CN108782390 A CN 108782390A
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method cultivating Procambius clarkii using bioflocculation technology, such method is divided into two stages：Establish bioflocculation cultivating system and daily aquaculture management.In this cultural method, its feed efficiency is improved using false water plant as flocculation attachment, while it is mutually residual to provide the reduction of masking place；According to the life habit of Procambius clarkii, reduce cultivation density, TSP concentration also decreases.The good of cultivation water can be maintained using this cultural method, reduces feed coefficient, enhancing cultivated animals digestive enzyme activity, inoxidizability are horizontal, improve yield and survival rate, save hand labor cost, improve unit efficiency and substantially reduce aquaculture cost etc..
Description
Technical field
Bioflocculation technology is applied to the new of Procambius clarkii (Procambarus clarkii) the present invention relates to a kind of
Type cultural method, belongs to technical field of aquaculture, is a kind of healthy, efficiently, environmentally friendly, green, economic and ecological cultivation side
Method and technology.
Background technology
Bioflocculation technology (Biofloc technology, BFT) is used as a kind of novel water technology, it is considered to be solution
The effective way for the environment and feed cost problem that certainly aquaculture industry development is faced, this technology can be by the useless of water body
Gurry retains and utilizes, and having reduces feed coefficient, improve cultivated animals grazing rate, promote intake nutrition digestion and absorption, carry
The features such as high cultivated animals survival rate and reduction aquaculture wastewater discharge, be a kind of advanced aquaculture technology.It is by water
Carbohydrate is added in body, adjusts carbon-nitrogen ratio, fully aeration ensures that dissolved oxygen makes water body stir, and stimulates the growth of heterotrophicy bacteria,
While consuming the ammonia nitrogen in water body, generates bioprotein and form biological floes this process realization.This biology wadding
Not only contain abundant nutriment (protein, lipid, carbohydrate, vitamin etc.) in solidifying body, also with a large amount of natural with life
The active substance of object (carrotene, chlorophyll, phytosterol, polyphenol, polysaccharide, taurine etc.), can be used as prawn, carp, Rofe
Fish etc. cultivates the source of nutrition of object.
Procambius clarkii (Procambarus clarkii), is commonly called as freshwater crayfish, belongs to Crustachia, Decapoda, crayfish
Suborder, Astacidae, former Astacus.It is aquatic to have become a kind of important economic freshwater cultivated extensively at home for Procambius clarkii at present
Animal.Procambius clarkii is swift and violent in China development in recent years, and cultured output reached 85.2 ten thousand tons in 2016.Kirschner is former
Crayfish has the characteristics that adaptive faculty is strong, breeding potential is high, fast growing, and fine and tender taste, meat flavour are delicious, deep by consumers in general
Favor, also have huge potentiality in the international market.But seed is insufficient and is always kirschner without special high quality feed
Supply falls short of demand for the presentation of former crayfish development problem, generally cray industry, quality deterioration, researches and develops inadequate, limited success situation.
In practical aquaculture process, fish and shrimp are very low for the utilization rate of nutriment in feed, only small part
For growth metabolism.There is research to estimate, fishes and shrimps only deposited 13% carbon content in feed, 29% nitrogen content, 16% phosphorus
Content, rest part are present in the form of residual bait or metabolic waste etc. in aquaculture water environment.Currently on the market not yet
The special feed of Procambius clarkii, if with cheap universal feed (raw material), the absorption rate of feed will be lower, and adjoint
A large amount of waste discharge is unfavorable for scale, safe, environmental protection, industrialization and the benefit of Procambius clarkii in water.
Bioflocculation technology can solve the above problems, but utilize bioflocculation technology culture aquatic livestock, be a complexity
And dynamic process, it needs to participate in while the aquatic animal in water body environment, zooplankter and microorganism.It will give birth at present
Object flocculation technique is applied to the kinds such as Tilapia mossambica, Penaeus Vannmei, but is not applied to yet in the cultivation activity of Procambius clarkii, such as
What makes Procambius clarkii adapt to and makes full use of bioflocculation to be still research hotspot.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to：How the cultivation of Procambius clarkii is carried out using bioflocculation technology.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of Procambius clarkii is cultivated using bioflocculation technology
Method, such method are divided into two stages：Establish bioflocculation cultivating system and daily aquaculture management；Establishing biology wadding
In the solidifying cultivating system stage, cultivation main body need to be placed in breeding water body and inhabites object and biological floes attachment.
Further, establishing the bioflocculation cultivating system stage includes the following steps：
Step 1.1：Cultivation main body is placed in breeding water body inhabites object and biological floes attachment；
Step 1.2：Breeding water body is fully aerated, so that Dissolved Oxygen in Water, water pH value, water temperature are suitble to cultivate kirschner original chela
Needed for shrimp；
Step 1.3：Nitrogen source and carbon source are added into breeding water body；
Step 1.4：Heterotrophicy bacteria is added into breeding water body, keeps water body agitation, waits for the generation of biological floes；
Step 1.5：When breeding water body is presented brown color and floccule occurs, Procambius clarkii is added.
Further, cultivation main body inhabites object and is placed on water bottom, and every square metre of water body placement cultivation main body is inhabited
Object 8-15 parts；Cultivation main body inhabites object selection arch tile or plastic tube.Biological floes attachment selects root to sink to the bottom master
The showy false water plant of body, every square metre of water body place false 5-10 plants of water plant.Dissolved Oxygen in Water maintains 5.0mg/L or more, water body
Between pH maintains 6.8-8.2, lower water temperature is between 24-28 DEG C.After nitrogen source and carbon source is added, carbon content is 25- in water body
35mg/L, Water content are 1-3mg/L, and it is 12-18 to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio in water body:1.
Further, the daily aquaculture management stage includes the following steps：
Step 2.1：The first day launches nitrogen source at dusk, and morning next day launches carbon source；It is water oxygenation by aeration system and ties up
The prolonged agitation of water holding body, to ensure that this stage Dissolved Oxygen in Water, water pH value are suitble to needed for Procambius clarkii.
Step 2.2：The TSP concentration in water body is measured, TSP concentration is made to maintain Appropriate；
If TSP concentration over-limit condition, stop launching carbon source and nitrogen source to water body.
Further, dissolved oxygen is in 5.0mg/L or more, and pH value is 7.0 or more.The Appropriate of TSP concentration
Range is 200-400mg/L, and the limiting value of TSP concentration is 600mg/L.
Preferably, nitrogen source selects one kind or more among discharged waste, ammonium chloride of feed, Procambius clarkii ground etc.
Kind, carbon source is selected one or more in sucrose, glucose, wheat bran, corn flour, tapioca starch etc..
Beneficial effects of the present invention：The good of cultivation water can be maintained using this cultural method, reduces feed coefficient,
It is horizontal to enhance cultivated animals digestive enzyme activity, inoxidizability, improves yield and survival rate, saves hand labor cost, improves single
Position efficiency simultaneously substantially reduces aquaculture cost etc..
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that ammonia nitrogen concentration changes over time comparison diagram in breeding water body；
Fig. 2 is breeding water body nitrite concentration changes with time comparison diagram；
Fig. 3 is that nitrate concentration changes over time comparison diagram in breeding water body；
Fig. 4 is that total phosphorus concentration changes over time comparison diagram in breeding water body；
Fig. 5 is that total nitrogen concentration changes over time comparison diagram in breeding water body；
In above each figure, first group is using the bioflocculation technology cultivation Procambius clarkii in the present invention, and second group is
Procambius clarkii is cultivated using commonsense method and conventional feed.
Specific implementation mode
The technique effect of the design of the present invention, concrete structure and generation is described further below with reference to attached drawing, with
It is fully understood from the purpose of the present invention, feature and effect.
In this patent, cray is synonymous with Procambius clarkii.Though subject of the present invention utilizing bioflocculation skill to be a kind of
The method that art cultivates Procambius clarkii, but this theme is not the restriction to protection domain, that is to say, that and method of the invention is not only
It can be used for cultivating Procambius clarkii.Also with the method for the present invention, other aquatic products are cultivated, should also belong to the protection model of the present invention
It encloses.
Present Procambius clarkii is cultivated on rice field, pond or the lotus root pool mostly, indoor industrially, apartment-type aquaculture model
Do not have substantially also.Only minimal amount industrial seedling rearing is seen in report, but nor flocculation technique.Indoor industrially-cultured side
Method quantity of exchanged water is larger, and cost is higher, and the discharge of breeding wastewater is not environmentally friendly enough, can not achieve ecology, green cultivation.Residual bait and metabolism
Waste direct emission in water, in the case where changing water not in time, can be such that the ammonia nitrogen in water body, nitrite equal size rises,
It constitutes a threat to the health of cultivated animals.During changing water, it is possible to introduce pathogenic bacteria, be caused to the health of cultivated animals
It influences, even results in death, seriously affect the benefit of cultivation.The mixed feed that there is no Procambius clarkii special at present, and grind
Study carefully demand of the Procambius clarkii for thinking different stages of growth to nutrition and differs.In addition, in cultivation activity, bait cannot
It adequately utilizes, and feed coefficient is higher.It can be seen that current cultural method, quantity of exchanged water is big in breeding process, buys feed
It is costly, last output is less, this so that aquaculture cost is larger and income is less.
Bioflocculation cultivation is the technology that comparison is suitble to indoor industrially, apartment-type to cultivate.It there is no at present and utilize biology wadding
Solidifying technology carries out the report of Procambius clarkii cultivation.There is the supporting for Penaeus Vannmei by bioflocculation technology in the prior art
It grows, but is indiscriminately imitated to Procambius clarkii cultivation and attempt more difficult success.Because the Burden-Swimming Ability of KM of Procambius clarkii is poor, movable model
Habit smaller, and that there is occupation of land is enclosed, it occur frequently that the phenomenon that mutually killing and devouring, mutual residual probability is far above white when population density is excessive
Prawn, so the cultivation density of Procambius clarkii must be far below white shrimp, therefore flocculation concentration when cultivation also should be reduced accordingly.
The present invention has mainly done the adjustment of following several respects using the method for bioflocculation technology cultivation Procambius clarkii：
One, false water plant is laid.Its feed efficiency is improved using false water plant as flocculation attachment, while masking place being provided
Reduction is mutually residual, this is and generally flocculation cultivates not quite alike place.
Two, reduce cultivation density.The shrimp of 10g or so, density are 20-25 tails/m2。
Three, because cultivation density reduces, adjustment, TSP concentration control has also been made in TSP concentration (TTS)
For system in 200-400mg/L, this is lower than the TSP concentration for generally supporting Penaeus Vannmei 400-600mg/L.
Four, it in terms of flocculated material dispensing, launches nitrogen source at dusk and part carbon source, the next morning launches part carbon again
Source.Such putting mode is also for preferably improving food utilization efficiency.
The present invention provides a kind of cultural method being combined bioflocculation technology and Procambius clarkii cultivation, including following
Step：
(1) bioflocculation cultivating system is established
Step 1.1
It extracts in breeding water body to culture unit, the depth of breeding water body is differed at 0.3-1 meters.Wherein, juvenile prawn aquaculture pond
Water depth is at 0.3-0.5 meters.And with the growth of juvenile prawn, water depth can progressively increase to 0.6-1 meters.This height one
As outline be less than piscine organism floccule body cultivation water depth.Be added into breeding water body several prior tiles sterilized,
False water plant etc., the placement of tile and false water plant, accomplish to be uniformly distributed in water body, one can be provided for cray and is dwelt as possible
The environment hidden is ceased, and can guarantee that cray makes full use of resource.Then uninterrupted aeration for 24 hours, maintain dissolved oxygen 5mg/L with
On, between pH maintains 6.8-8.2, lower water temperature is at 24-28 DEG C.
Purpose using tile is to provide to inhabit the environment hidden to cray.In cultivation activity, the quantity one of tile
As in every square metre of 8-15 block, preferably 10-12 blocks.For cray mostly in bottom activity, tile sinks to the bottom, is provided to cray
Protect, prevent it is mutual fight, reduction is killed each other rate.The shape of tile is advisable with arch, can form one with bottom of pond
Determine space, cray can inside hide enemy, and same effect can also be played instead of arch tile with PVC plastic pipe etc.,
But it is general using plain block formula tile effect.Cultivation main body inhabites object and is not limited to tile and pvc pipe, the device of other shapes and material
Object is inhabited as long as can sink to the bottom and accommodate long-time cray, and can use.
The application of false water plant is sought connections with and ingests conducive to cray to assemble floccule body.The use ratio one of false water plant
As at every square metre of 5-10 plants, preferably 6-8 plants.Select pedestal sinks to the bottom floatability vacation water plant, and water plant height is less than water
Face, about after 50-70cm, waterweeds base submerged, each strain water plant leaf is suspended in inside water body and scatter, so just
Assemble floccule body above water plant, facility can also be provided to ingesting for cray.Though the false water plant having has heavy property but blade is not
It can swim in water body, such case, the effect that floccule body is generated and is enriched on water plant is bad, and is easy under water plant
Metabolic waste is assembled in face, causes dissolved oxygen insufficient, influences water quality.The material of false water plant is usually plastics, and blade is not preferably to grow
Strip is also unfavorable for seeking connections with for cray because strip blade is unfavorable for the aggregation of floccule body.Biological floes attachment is not
It is limited to above-mentioned false water plant, as long as meeting following two conditions, so that it may to use：(1) main body can suspend in water, can carry
Biological floes；(2) there is intensity appropriate, it is sufficient to cray be allowed to seek connections with feeding without significantly deforming upper.
Step 1.2
Carbon source and nitrogen source are added into breeding water body, maintenance water body carbon content is 25-35mg/L, nitrogen content 1-3mg/L.
Adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio 12-20 in water body:1.Preferably, carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted in 15-18:1 effect is more preferable.The selection of carbon source can be
It is one or more in sucrose, glucose, wheat bran, corn flour, tapioca starch etc..Selecting for nitrogen source can be the feeding that grinds
Material, the discharged waste of Procambius clarkii, ammonium chloride etc..
Conventional granulates forage protein content is higher, in the case where not being ingested, can be gradually dissolved in water body, cause water
The accumulation of the harmful substances such as big ammonia nitrogen in body.When temperature is relatively low, the feed of certain grain size easy tos produce mould, causes entirely to support
Grow that system is unstable, the flocculation scale of construction of generation is less, and volume and quality are relatively low.
Cray is fed after need to above-mentioned pellet being milled to 40 mesh or so, the purpose is to promote the quick of bioflocculation
It generates, and entire cultivating system is made to maintain stable state as early as possible.The feed ground increases it in water body and is contacted with water body
Surface area, and increase the ammonia nitrogen in water body etc..Experiment is it has been proved that the feed compared with certain grain size is directly thrown as nitrogen source
Hello, it grinds as mash feed as nitrogen source, it is relatively beneficial to be utilized by bacterium, accelerates the generation of biological floes.
Wheat bran is a kind of carbon source, select wheat bran the reason of be：First, rice field pool cultivation peasant household can with wheat bran etc. into
Row feeds cray, and cray can also carry out wheat bran a small amount of ingest；Secondly, the market price of wheat bran is cheaper, can be big
Big is cost-effective.But the disadvantage is that：The rate that monosaccharide is broken down into water body is limited, therefore is intended only as to select
Carbon source one kind.The carbon source of supplement selects glucose, firstly because the carbon element content of glucose is higher, and this object
Matter is easy to get；Secondly it is also more main, glucose is monosaccharide simple in structure, soluble easily in water, as carbon source convenient for behaviour
Make and is easy to control.
The mode of feeding is first first to feed main nitrogen (feed ground) and part carbon source (wheat bran), this part bait quilt
After fully ingesting, residual bait and discharged waste become main nitrogen together again, are supplemented within second day part carbon source (glucose).
Step 1.3
In the sunny morning, heterotrophicy bacteria is added into water body, and water body is kept adequately to stir, to accelerate heterotrophicy bacteria
Contact with nitrogen source promotes the generation of biological floes.Addition heterotrophicy bacteria can choose bacillus subtilis, lichens gemma bar
Bacterium, compound nitrobacteria and lactic acid bacteria etc..
Because some bacteriums (for example, bacillus subtilis etc.) used are oxygen consumption bacterium, used in the fine day morning, it can
So that the fast onsets such as bacillus subtilis act on, be conducive to the formation of biological floes.Cray is the life hidden by day and come out at night
Habit usually carries out feeding activity in the dusk, in its visible metabolic waste of the next morning and residual bait, during this time using having
Beneficial heterotroph is more advantageous to the amplification of heterotroph in the case of proper temperature, that is, nitrogen and carbon in water body is utilized, and generates
Bioprotein forms relatively stable biological floes.
Step 1.4
Heterotrophicy bacteria in step 1.3 plays a role, when using the nitrogen source in water body and inverting biological bacterioprotein, water
The color of body can change, and be presented brown color, and visible when having strip, filiform and the irregular floccule of form to occur, and add
Enter Procambius clarkii juvenile prawn.It is 20-25 tails/m that juvenile prawn, which selects the shrimp of 10g or so, density,2。
Carbon source and nitrogen source are continuously added into water body, have maintained water temperature, pH etc., and the case where being fully aerated,
Stable biological floes can be formed in a period of time, distribution of the floccule body in water body is uniform and dynamic.Water body begins
State eventually in agitation can be gradual between the blade of water plant when the false water plant being put into is uniformly distributed in water body
The distribution on each false water plant of the floccule body of aggregation formation, floccule body is also relatively uniform.But same strain vacation water plant
On, it will present few lower more aggregation situation.By observation, it can be clearly seen that cray can seek connections on false water plant
The phenomenon that face, the biological floes for generation of ingesting.
(2) daily aquaculture management
Step 2.1
It carries out the dispensing of nitrogen source (feed ground) at dusk daily, and carbon source (glucose etc.) is fed in the next morning,
Specific method is to take appropriate breeding environment water, and carbon source is completely dissolved in breeding water body, full pool spilling head is then carried out.Pass through increasing
Oxygen system ensures dissolved oxygen in 5.0mg/L or more daily, and 7-8mg/L is better, and the state of agitation is presented in water body.Control pH
7.0 or more, such as there is the situation that pH drops to 7.0 or less, then supplements sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO into water body3), take appropriate cultivation
Water body is uniformly splashed after dissolving.
Step 2.2
The management of water quality will be adjusted correspondingly with the variation of weather temperature, because to cultivate stable bioflocculation
System will be measured the TSP concentration (TSS) of water body during cultivation, ensure TSS concentration in 100-
500mg/L, it is preferable that TSS concentration, which is maintained at 200-400mg/L, to be advisable.It is applied to kirschner original carrying out bioflocculation body technique
In the possibility demonstration of crayfish cultivation, find under the concentration conditions of 200-400mg/L, so that it may just generate length to meet cray
Needs, this preferred concentration be different from other aquaculture organisms.When TSS concentration is more than 600mg/L, should stop to water body carbon
The dispensing of source and nitrogen source removes extra biological floes etc..
Compared with Procambius clarkii cultural method traditional in the prior art, the present invention has the characteristics that following all and advantage：
By the way that carbon source and nitrogen source are added into breeding water body, on the basis of ensureing carbon-nitrogen ratio 15, it is possible to reduce feed
Feed, and culture efficiency will not be impacted.Starch that carbon source can select price more cheap, wheat bran, sugar
Honey, glucose etc., this saves aquaculture costs, increase breeding efficiency and benefit.
During establishing bioflocculation system early period, the fine day morning adds into the water body being fully aerated with withered grass
Bacillus is the heterotrophicy bacteria of representative, accelerates self-reproduction of the heterotrophicy bacteria in water body, very fast to generate bioflocculation
Grain, is further formed biological floes.Biological floes contain the protein (26.35%-62%) compared with horn of plenty, completely can be with
Meet the needs of Procambius clarkii is for protein, and has confirmed that Procambius clarkii can ingest this floccule body of generation.
In addition to containing abundant protein, biological floes also contain other nutriments such as lipid, carbohydrate, and also complete
It can be ingested and be absorbed and utilized by Procambius clarkii entirely.Since water body is in the state of agitation always, kirschner original chela is also just extended
The time that shrimp ingests, this cultural method to turn waste into wealth can improve the utilization rate of feed, and then save aquaculture cost.
After heterotrophicy bacteria stablizes and to form sociales, reduces the intrusion of pathogen, it is a large amount of to reduce harmful pathogenic bacteria
The possibility of breeding, this has greater significance for the safety cultivation of Procambius clarkii.And contain in the biological floes formed
" somatomedin ", including carrotene, phytosterol, taurine etc., these substances also have one to the immunity of Procambius clarkii
Fixed raising effect.
In the breeding process, residual bait and metabolism of Procambarus clarkii waste are also a kind of nitrogen source in water body, can be by water body
Heterotrophic microorganism utilized, gradually become the bioprotein of microorganism, realize breeding water body " self-cleaning " effect.Substantially
The exchange of breeding water zero may be implemented, reduce the process for largely changing water in the breeding process, remove contamination without daily suction bottom, operate
It is simple and practicable, it is greatly saved and changes the aquaculture cost that the active belts such as water come.Detect total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, the nitrite nitrogen of water body
Content with nitrate nitrogen will not threaten to the health of cultivated animals well below the tolerance level of Procambius clarkii.
Following two more specific embodiments：
Embodiment 1
It is carried out disinfection with the potassium permanganate of appropriate concentration to cultivating pool, filtered breeding water is then added, fully
Aeration for 24 hours, then becomes a fine day a day morning second, takes a small amount of water body that II type water body microecologic regulators of AQ- (green biological section difficult to understand is added
Skill, main component are bacillus, nitrobacteria, trace element and complex enzyme etc., effective viable bacteria content not less than 10,000,000,000/
Gram), temperature is adjusted at 26-27 DEG C.
It is 4 that mass ratio is added into water body in third day:5:6 grind fodder, wheat bran and glucose (wherein feed
Purchased from the joyful feed corporation,Ltd in Zhejiang, for wheat bran purchased from Chongming day at feed corporation,Ltd, glucose is purchased from Chinese medicines group
Chemical reagent Co., Ltd), carbon-nitrogen ratio is 15 or so at this time.
7th day it can be found that the color of water body becomes light yellow from clear, and can see and strip, filiform is presented
And flco in irregular shape.Later, be added daily into water body grind fodder, wheat bran and glucose, and maintain water body
Carbon-nitrogen ratio in 15 or more, the tenth days water bodys TSP concentration reached 385mg/L.The heterotrophicy bacteria shape in water body
After stable dominant microflora, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and reactive phosphate are kept at lower level, much low
In tolerance of the Procambius clarkii for the above hydration index.This demonstrates bioflocculation technologies to be applied to supporting for Procambius clarkii
Optimizing water quality can be played the role of by growing.
Procambius clarkii is put into breeding water body, it is found that the smaller floccule body of grain size can be directly by the 2nd pair of step of shrimp
Foot gripping, is sent into mouth；And the larger floccule body of grain size is then embraced by the 3rd, 4,5 pair of step, after the 2nd pair of step is torn
It is sent into mouth.Compared to traditional feedstuff feeding mode, Procambius clarkii can reach the state of saturation in 4h rear intestinals of ingesting,
And be first put into Procambius clarkii in above-mentioned breeding environment, same 4h enteron aisles are up to saturation.In addition, lower gram of two ways of dissection
Crayfish enteron aisle, it is seen that the shrimp gastrointestinal tract chyme moisture for floccule body of ingesting is more, and cotton-shaped and meat stuffing shape is presented；And feed of ingesting
Shrimp gastrointestinal tract chyme moisture it is less and blocky bulk is presented.
Embodiment 2
Extract river water in aquaculture pond, fully be aerated, maintain the dissolved oxygen of water body in 6.0mg/L, temperature at 24-25 DEG C,
The fine day morning, the II type water body microecologic regulators of AQ- that addition activates were added into water body, and (green Austria's biotechnology, main component are
Bacillus, nitrobacteria, trace element and complex enzyme etc., effective viable bacteria content not less than 10,000,000,000/gram).It is added and grinds at night
Pellet (actual measurement CP32%), feed wheat bran (CP12.5%), the next morning is added the glucose for being dissolved in water, adjusts water
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of body is 15 or more.
5th day to flocculation aquaculture pond and feedstuff feeding pond in be put into quantity is identical, body colour is normal, it is physical strong it is not damaged,
It is disease-free, without deformity, good, the big flexible seedlings of Procambrus clarkii of chela (8-9g) of ingesting, throw-in density be 25/m2.Later
Every night 7:00 feed group feeds pellet and calculate by the 4% of shrimp gross weight feeds total energy, and flocculation group is meeting total energy phase
Same and carbon-nitrogen ratio feeds the feed and wheat bran of crushing, and feed glucose in morning next day 15 or more.Feedstuff feeding
Daily management mainly removes contamination including cleaning residual bait, suction bottom, and fishes for dead shrimp in time and slough off the shrimp shell fallen, and bioflocculation cultivates
System only needs to fish for dead shrimp in time and sloughs off the shrimp shell fallen, and residual bait and waste, which are carried on as before, can be used as nitrogen source without pulling out.However
This can't influence the chemical measurements of water of flocculation system, find after testing, the total nitrogen content of bioflocculation cultivating system, nitrous state
Well below feedstuff feeding breeding water body, significant difference is more notable for nitrogen content and nitrate nitrogen equal size, as Fig. 1~
Shown in Fig. 5.Flocculation system water body 52.24 ± 6.28mg/L of total nitrogen, 0.29 ± 0.07mg/L of nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen 2.31 ±
0.43mg/L, feedstuff feeding water body total nitrogen 127.98 ± 7.27mg/L of total nitrogen, 0.53 ± 0.06mg/L of nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen
8.43±0.52mg/L。
Compare under two kinds of breeding way, the growth performance of Procambius clarkii is found, rate of body weight gain, specific growth rate, survival rate
Etc. equal no significant difference.Biological crude protein level can meet Procambius clarkii for egg in 32-38% under above-mentioned cultural method
White demand, and there is facilitation, flocculation group Procambius clarkii to compare the shrimp of feedstuff feeding in the digestive ferment of Procambius clarkii
Pepsin activity in hepatopancrease averagely improves 9.78%, lipase active and averagely improves 27.1%, cellulase activity
It is mild-natured to improve 56.8%.This, which also embodies bioflocculation technology, has raising efficiency of feed utilization, realizes that the multistage of albumen is high
Effect utilizes, and increases the advantages such as cultivated animals digestive enzyme activity.
It is worth noting that, in entire breeding process, the quantity of exchanged water of bioflocculation cultivating system significantly reduces, and only increases
Natural evaporation is added and lost moisture, has substantially carried out " zero exchanges " of breeding water, be considerably reduced cultivation in this way
With the utilization of water and the discharge of breeding wastewater；From the angle for saving aquaculture cost, the feed of crushing and cheap is used
Wheat bran is as nitrogen source, under the premise of satisfaction feeds the identical and carbon-nitrogen ratio of total energy 15 or more, what flocculation system ground fodder
Day feeding volume will reduce about 30% relative to by 4% day feeding volume of shrimp gross weight, though input reduces output quite very
To more preferable, it was demonstrated that there are sizable potentiality using bioflocculation technology cultivation Procambius clarkii.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above.It should be appreciated that those skilled in the art without
It needs creative work according to the present invention can conceive and makes many modifications and variations.Therefore, all technologies in the art
Personnel are available by logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment on the basis of existing technology under this invention's idea
Technical solution, all should be in the protection domain being defined in the patent claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method cultivating Procambius clarkii using bioflocculation technology, which is characterized in that such method is divided into two
A stage：Establish bioflocculation cultivating system and daily aquaculture management；It establishes in the bioflocculation cultivating system stage, needs described
Cultivation main body is placed in breeding water body inhabites object and biological floes attachment.
2. a kind of method cultivating Procambius clarkii using bioflocculation technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
It is described to establish the bioflocculation cultivating system stage and include the following steps：
Step 1.1：The cultivation main body is placed in the breeding water body inhabites object and the biological floes attachment；
Step 1.2：The breeding water body is fully aerated, so that Dissolved Oxygen in Water, water body pH, water temperature are suitble to cultivate Procambius clarkii
It is required；
Step 1.3：Nitrogen source and carbon source are added into the breeding water body；
Step 1.4：Heterotrophicy bacteria is added into the breeding water body, keeps water body agitation, waits for the generation of biological floes；
Step 1.5：When the breeding water body is presented brown color and floccule occurs, Procambius clarkii is added.
3. a kind of method cultivating Procambius clarkii using bioflocculation technology according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
The cultivation main body inhabites object and is placed on the water bottom, and every square metre of breeding water body placement cultivation main body is inhabited
Object 8-15 parts；The cultivation main body inhabites object selection arch tile or plastic tube.
4. a kind of method cultivating Procambius clarkii using bioflocculation technology according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
The biological floes attachment selects root to sink to the bottom the showy false water plant of main body, and every square metre of water body places the false water
It is 5-10 plants careless.
5. a kind of method cultivating Procambius clarkii using bioflocculation technology according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
The Dissolved Oxygen in Water maintains 5.0mg/L or more, and between the water body pH maintains 6.8-8.2, the lower water temperature is in 24-
Between 28 DEG C.
6. a kind of method cultivating Procambius clarkii using bioflocculation technology according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
After the nitrogen source and the carbon source is added, carbon content is 25-35mg/L in the breeding water body, nitrogen content in the breeding water body
For 1-3mg/L, and it is 12-18 to adjust carbon-nitrogen ratio:1.
7. a kind of method cultivating Procambius clarkii using bioflocculation technology according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The daily aquaculture management stage includes the following steps：
Step 2.1：The first day launches nitrogen source at dusk, and morning next day launches carbon source；It is the water oxygenation by aeration system and ties up
The prolonged agitation for holding the breeding water body, to ensure that this stage Dissolved Oxygen in Water, water body pH are suitble to needed for the Procambius clarkii；
Step 2.2：The TSP concentration in the breeding water body is measured, the TSP concentration is made to maintain
Appropriate；If the TSP concentration over-limit condition, stop launching the carbon source and described to the breeding water body
Nitrogen source.
8. a kind of method cultivating Procambius clarkii using bioflocculation technology according to claim 7, which is characterized in that
The Dissolved Oxygen in Water is in 5.0mg/L or more, and the water body pH is 7.0 or more.
9. a kind of method cultivating Procambius clarkii using bioflocculation technology according to claim 7, which is characterized in that
The Appropriate range of the TSP concentration is 200-400mg/L, and the limiting value of the TSP concentration is
600mg/L。
10. a kind of method cultivating Procambius clarkii using bioflocculation technology according to claim 2 or 8, feature
Be, the nitrogen source select it is one or more among the discharged waste of the feed, Procambius clarkii that grind, ammonium chloride, it is described
It is one or more among carbon source selection sucrose, glucose, wheat bran, corn flour, tapioca starch.
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| CN113016705A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-06-25 | 上海海洋大学 | Control method of biological heat source in container culture tail water |
| CN115281131A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-11-04 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Three-dimensional breeding system for procambarus clarkii and application thereof |
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