CN108779674B - 对压气能贮存装置及检测方法、贮存系统、平衡侦测机构 - Google Patents

对压气能贮存装置及检测方法、贮存系统、平衡侦测机构 Download PDF

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CN108779674B
CN108779674B CN201780011300.1A CN201780011300A CN108779674B CN 108779674 B CN108779674 B CN 108779674B CN 201780011300 A CN201780011300 A CN 201780011300A CN 108779674 B CN108779674 B CN 108779674B
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gas
energy storage
pressure
flow
storage device
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CN108779674A (zh
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陈威伦
陈泰伦
李慧勤
陈迪夫
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Beijing Ipec Technology Ltd
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Beijing Ipec Technology Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B23/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01B23/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/007—Underground or underwater storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B17/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by use of uniflow principle
    • F01B17/02—Engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B29/00—Machines or engines with pertinent characteristics other than those provided for in preceding main groups
    • F01B29/08—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines not otherwise provided for
    • F01B29/10—Engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas- turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
    • F02C6/16—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1805—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
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    • F03B13/1815—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation with an up-and-down movement
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    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/062—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction
    • F03B17/063—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction the flow engaging parts having no movement relative to the rotor during its rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/008—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with water energy converters, e.g. a water turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/28—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being a pump or a compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B17/00—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors
    • F04B17/02—Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
    • G05D16/028—Controlling a pressure difference
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
    • G05D16/04—Control of fluid pressure without auxiliary power
    • G05D16/10—Control of fluid pressure without auxiliary power the sensing element being a piston or plunger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/02—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having a plurality of rotors
    • F03D1/025—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor  having a plurality of rotors coaxially arranged
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
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    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
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Abstract

一种对压气能贮存装置(10)，包括内体(1)和套设在内体(1)外的外体(2)，内体(1)中填充有第一气体，外体(2)与内体(1)之间形成的腔体(21)中填充有第二气体，第一气体与第二气体之间具有气能压差，气能压差为对压气能。该对压气能贮存装置(10)能够储存两种不同压强的气体，结构简单，方便运输及气体的有效储能和长期贮存。还公开了一种对压气能贮存装置的检测方法、一种对压气能贮存系统以及一种平衡侦测机构。

Description

对压气能贮存装置及检测方法、贮存系统、平衡侦测机构
技术领域
本发明有关于一种气体能量贮存装置及检测方法，尤其有关于一种气体能源储存领域中应用的对压气能贮存装置及其检测方法、对压气能贮存系统、平衡侦测机构。
背景技术
世界新能源逐步向着替代传统能源的方向快速发展。由于可再生能源生产中固有的间歇特性，使其可利用性和可送达性显著地降低。解决可再生能源生产运输、使用周期中能源的有效贮存问题，直接关系到新能源的实用性。
现有的气体能源贮存系统主要分为三类：
1)第一类为常规的高压压缩气能系统，其气源动力为风力或电力，经压缩机将环境空气压缩进贮气库，从而储存为高压压缩空气能，再通过膨胀机将该高压气能作用于发电机或气动机而做功，其热工系统效率为50％左右；
2)第二类为绝热高压压缩气能系统，其气源动力为风力或电力，经压缩机将环境空气压缩进贮气库，从而储存为高温、高压压缩空气能，其中压缩过程产生的大量热能被保存于高温介质中，用于供给气能恢复过程的使用，以达到提升系统整体能效的目的，通过膨胀机可将该气能作用于发电机或气动机而做功，其热工系统效率约为70％；
3)第三类为超临界低温绝热液化空气的高压压缩气能系统，其气源动力为风力或电力，经压缩机将环境空气压缩至液化态送进贮气库，从而储存为超低温液化空气，显著地缩小了气能贮存体的体积，其中压缩过程产生的大量低温能被保存于低温介质库中，用于供给气能恢复过程的使用，以达到提升系统整体能效的目的，之后通过膨胀机可将该气能作用于发电机或气动机而做功，其热工系统效率为70％左右。
由此可见，上述三类贮存系统都存在如下缺点：高额的建设和维护成本、需要消耗大量的非再生能源、庞大的系统难以做到小型化、系统效率难以进一步提高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种对压气能贮存装置，其能够储存两种不同压强的气体，其结构简单，方便运输及气体的有效储能和长期贮存。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种对压气能贮存装置的检测方法，通过该检测方法能够检测对压气能贮存装置的气密性，方便检测对压气能贮存装置运输过程中可能存在的泄漏情况。
本发明的再一目的是提供一种对压气能贮存系统，其中的对压气能贮存装置能够储存两种不同压强的气体，该对压气能贮存系统结构简单，方便运输及气体的有效储能和长期贮存。
本发明的再一目的是提供一种平衡侦测机构，能用于检测两种不同压强气体的流量差。
本发明提供了一种对压气能贮存装置，其中，其包括内体和套设在所述内体外的外体，所述内体中填充有第一气体，所述外体与所述内体之间形成的腔体中填充有第二气体，所述第一气体与所述第二气体之间具有气能压差，所述气能压差为对压气能。
本发明还提供了一种对压气能贮存系统，其中，其由多个所述的对压气能贮存装置相连组成。
本发明还提供了一种对压气能贮存装置的检测方法，其中，其包括如下步骤：
a)在所述的对压气能贮存装置上连接平衡侦测机构，所述平衡侦测机构分别与所述对压气能贮存装置的内体、所述对压气能贮存装置的腔体相连通；
b)通过所述平衡侦测机构侦测所述内体内的第一气体的气流压力和所述腔体内的第二气体的气流压力。
本发明还提供了一种平衡侦测机构，其中，其包括第一管道和第二管道，所述第一管道和所述第二管道之间设有可转动的挡流组件，所述挡流组件连接有指针，所述平衡侦测机构还具有指示盘，所述指针根据所述挡流组件的旋转在所述指示盘上往复摆动。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的对压气能贮存装置为采用内体和外体的双体结构，用于贮存高压贮气体和低压贮气体，不但提升了高压力、高压差气体间的贮能密度，而且可作为热功能循环系统的热量在内体、外体和内体之间的腔体中流动而得以交换；另外，该对压气能贮存装置通过多个制动隔离支撑机构分割为多个贮气体以形成多舱体结构，每个贮气体内的气流可通过制动隔离支撑机构上的多个导流通道、多个第二导流通道正常通过。该制动隔离支撑机构的制动作用是：由于气体流速相对缓慢，制动隔离支撑机构对其影响甚微，当异常泄露情况出现时，气流欲相对快速地通过各个制动隔离支撑机构，此时的制动隔离支撑机构由于受到的气流动能增大而主动对这一气流产生制动作用，保障了高压力、高压差气体间贮存的安全性；该制动隔离支撑机构的支撑作用是：当对压气能贮存装置内的气压增大时或内体、腔体间的压差增大时，对压气能贮存装置的体壁的径向形变(体壁膨胀或体壁收缩)也随之增大，此时，设置于体壁径向的制动隔离支撑机构，则起到了抑制这种形变的效果，进而提升了内体、外体的承压能力。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的实施例作进一步描述：
图1至图4为本发明的对压气能贮存装置的可选实施例的结构示意图。
图5为本发明的制动隔离支撑机构的可选实施例的结构示意图。
图6至图7为本发明的制动隔离支撑机构的可选实施例的俯视图和侧视图。
图8为本发明的对压气能贮存装置的另一可选实施例的结构示意图。
图9至图11为本发明的平衡侦测机构的可选实施例的结构示意图。
图12至图15为本发明的平衡侦测机构的另一可选实施例的结构示意图。
图16为本发明的对压气能贮存系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1～图4所示，本发明提供了一种对压气能贮存装置10，其包括内体1和套设在所述内体1外的外体2，所述内体1中填充有第一气体，所述外体2与所述内体1之间形成的腔体21中填充有第二气体，所述第一气体与所述第二气体之间具有气能压差，所述气能压差为对压气能。也即，第一气体与第二气体之间具有气体压差，该气体压差储存的气体能量表现为对压气能。
具体是，在一可行实施例中，如图1和图2所示，内体1可为一长筒状结构，内体1的中空内腔中填充有第一气体，外体2为套设在内体1外的长筒状结构，内体1和外体2之间形成的环形空间填充有第二气体。在另一可行的实施例中，如图3和图4所示，内体1可为一球体结构，内体1的中空内腔中填充有第一气体，外体2为套设在内体1外的球体结构，内体1和外体2之间形成的空间中填充有第二气体。
在本发明的一可行实施例中，如图1至图4所示，内体1中的第一气体可为高压贮气体(也即正压贮气体)，外体2和内体1之间形成的腔体21中的第二气体可为低压贮气体(也即负压贮气体)，从而第一气体与第二气体之间具有压力差，也即在第一气体与第二气体之间形成气能压差，即对压气能；其中，存储于腔体21中的低压贮气体可成为内体1的保温体，以保护存储于内体1中的高压贮气体。例如，当在地面上实施对压气能的贮存时，此时的内体1中的第一气体安排为高压贮气体，外体2和内体1之间形成的腔体21中的第二气体安排为低压贮气体。内体1、外体2之间的若干个刚性制动隔离支撑机构3也起着对内体1、外体2支撑的作用，用于补偿内1体的体壁、外体2的体壁的压力差，同时增强了内体1的体壁、外体2的体壁的抗压能力。
或者，在另一可行实施例中，内体1中的第一气体为低压贮气体，外体2和内体1之间形成的腔体21中的第二气体为高压贮气体。例如，当在水下或地下实施对压气能的贮存和/或运输时，由于水下或地下压力环境为高压，此时的内体1中的第一气体安排为低压贮气体，外体2和内体1之间形成的腔体21中的第二气体安排为高压贮气体，利于减轻外体2壁上的应力、抵消外体2的收缩压力。
在本发明中，该高压贮气体的压强大于低压贮气体的压强；其中，该高压贮气体的压强可为0.1MPa～100MPa，低压贮气体的压强可为100Pa～30MPa。
进一步的，在本发明中，该第一气体和第二气体可为空气或氮气或氦气或其他气体的混合体。其中，该其他气体的混合体，例如可为氮气与氦气的混合体等。
在本发明的一可选实施例中，该对压气能贮存装置10内设有多个制动隔离支撑机构3，所述内体1通过所述多个制动隔离支撑机构3分割为多个内隔离仓11，所述外体2与所述内体1之间形成的腔体21通过所述多个制动隔离支撑机构3分割为多个外隔离仓22，所述制动隔离支撑机构3上设有多个第一导流通道31和多个第二导流通道32，多个所述外隔离仓22通过所述多个第二导流通道32相互连通，多个所述内隔离仓11通过所述多个第一导流通道31相互连通。多个制动隔离支撑机构3的设置，能有效地加强对压气能贮存装置10的结构强度，提升对压气能贮存装置10内储存的气体的安全性能。
具体是，在一可行实施例中，如图5所示，该制动隔离支撑机构3为由刚性材料(例如，钢铁质材料或钢化纤维材料等)制成的制动隔离板33，该第一导流通道31和第二导流通道32均为设置在制动隔离板33上的导流通孔331，该导流通孔331的开孔面积约为其所在的隔离板33面积的百分之一至百分之十。在具体的实例中，该制动隔离板33大体呈圆盘形，当然，在其他的实施例中，该制动隔离板33也可为多角形或其他形状，在此不作限制。该制动隔离板33的板厚约为内体1和/或外体2壁厚的一至十倍，在靠近该制动隔离板33的外缘处，沿制动隔离板33的圆周方向上等间隔设有多个导流通孔331(也即第二导流通道32)，在该制动隔离板33的中部设有多个同心的导流孔组，每个导流孔组内沿制动隔离板33的圆周方向均等间隔设有多个导流通孔331(也即第一导流通道31)。该制动隔离板33例如可通过焊接连接的方式固定连接在外体2的内壁上，从而实现将对压气能贮存装置10分割为多个相互连通的贮存体101。本发明通过制动隔离板33上的导流通孔311的结构设计，当对压气能贮存装置10的某一贮存体101存在急速泄气时，导流通孔311会表现出较大的气流阻力，减缓对压气能贮存装置10的爆裂程度；而在正常的储气或释气过程中，导流通孔311会表现出较小的气流阻力，实现对压气能贮存装置10的多个贮存体101之间的气体相互导通。
在另一可行实施例中，如图6和图7所示，该制动隔离支撑机构3为由刚性材料(例如，钢铁质材料或钢化纤维材料等)制成的制动隔离板34和可开合地连接在制动隔离板34一侧的多个第一阻挡板341，在多个第一阻挡板341闭合的状态下，多个第一阻挡板341封闭多个所述第一导流通道31；该第二导流通道32为设置在制动隔离板34上的导流通孔331，该导流通孔331的开孔面积约为其所在的制动隔离板34面积的百分之一至百分之十。在具体的实例中，该制动隔离板34大体呈圆盘形，当然，在其他的实施例中，该制动隔离板33也可为多角形或其他形状，在此不作限制。该制动隔离板34的板厚约为内体1和/或外体2壁厚的一至十倍，在靠近该制动隔离板34的外缘处，沿制动隔离板34的圆周方向上等间隔设有多个导流通孔331(也即第二导流通道32)，在该制动隔离板34的中部开设有正方形的开口342，在该开口342内可设置两个垂直交叉在一起的连杆35形成十字支架结构，从而将开口342分割成四个第一导流通道31，该十字架结构一方面可起到支撑制动隔离板34结构强度的目的，另一方面可减缓对压气能贮存装置10破裂时的爆烈强度；该第一阻挡板341设置有四个，其分别呈直角三角形状，四个第一阻挡板341的四个直角相对接拼合成一个完整的正方形，从而可实现将正方形的开口342遮蔽的目的，每个第一阻挡板341与其直角相对的一边可转动地连接(例如，可通过枢接连接的方式)在制动隔离板34的开口342的内边缘处。当然，在其它的实施例中，该制动隔离板34的中部可开设有其它形状的开口342，且第一阻挡板341可设置为其它形状，只要能保证多个第一阻挡板341拼合在一起后能密封遮蔽开口342即可，在此不做限制。
进一步的，请配合参阅图7所示，该制动隔离板34的另一侧可开合地连接有多个第二阻挡板343，在多个第二阻挡板343闭合的状态下，多个第二阻挡板343封闭多个所述第一导流通道31。该第二阻挡板343的结构、数量、与制动隔离板34的连接方式、以及所达成的技术效果，与上述第一阻挡版341相同，在此不再赘述。
本发明的制动隔离板34，当对压气能贮存装置10处于正常的储气或释气过程中，第一阻挡板341和第二阻挡板342处于开启状态；而当对压气能贮存装置10的某一贮存体101处于急速泄气时，位于制动隔离板34两侧的多个第一阻挡板341和多个第二阻挡板342会被气流压迫而自适应地倾向于向着封闭多个第一导流通孔31的状态转动，从而起到减缓气流在内体1中的流动速度的目的，防止压气能贮存装置10的急速爆裂。
在本发明的一可行实施方式中，如图2所示，该外体2的外部套设有保护体4。具体是，该保护体4可以是耐爆裂类的材料制成，例如硬质钢化纤维类材料或柔质防弹纤维类材料等，该保护体4可为一长筒状结构并罩设在长筒状结构的外体2的外部，从而可实现在运输该对压气能贮存装置10的过程中保护对压气能贮存装置10的目的，防止在运输或静置的状态下，磕损对压气能贮存装置10的情况发生。该保护体4可包裹住内体1和外体2，用以进一步加强、提高对压气能贮存装置10储存气体的安全性。
如图1至图4所示结构的对压气能贮存装置10，特别适用于小型或移动场所中对对压气能的贮存，由于体积、运送和安全的要求，采用内体1和外体2双体复合形式的贮存罐体、柱体、缸体或球体，而成为气能贮存体，适合一种树脂纤维或碳化玻璃制成的双体复合型的贮存结构，其内体贮存高压贮气体，外体贮存低压贮气体。其中，在该实施例中，内体1由可导热强化材料制成，有利于内体1中的第一气体、外体2与内体1之间形成的腔体21中的第二气体同时膨胀与压缩时，内体1、腔体21之间所产生的互补热量能够对流，从而可提升系统的储能效率；外体2由非导热强化材料制成，有利于保存系统热量，从而可进一步提升系统的储能效率。
在本发明的一可行实施方式中，如图8所示，外体2可为天然洞穴或人造矿道，内体1可为多个串联连接的罐体或球体，其中，所述罐体或球体内的第一气体为低压贮气体，天然洞穴或人造矿道内的第二气体为高压贮气体，其利于抵消天然洞穴或人造矿道等自然体的收缩压力。本发明可选择大型天然洞穴、大型人造矿道、洞壁或井壁等作为大容量的贮存库，实现大型工业级的对压气能贮存，可节约建造成本。其中，在该实施例中，内体1由可导热强化材料制成，有利于内体1中的第一气体、外体2与内体1之间形成的腔体21中的第二气体同时膨胀与压缩时，内体1、腔体21之间所产生的互补热量能够对流，从而可提升系统的储能效率。
根据本发明的一实施方式，所述对压气能贮存装置10连接有用于侦测所述第一气体的气流压力和所述第二气体的气流压力的平衡侦测机构5，该平衡侦测机构5分别与对压气能贮存装置10的内体1、对压气能贮存装置10的腔体21相连通。该平衡侦测机构5用于识别对压气能贮存装置10内的第一气体和第二气体的泄漏状况。
具体是，该平衡侦测机构5包括与所述内体1相连通的第一管道51和与所述腔体21相连通的第二管道52，所述第一管道51和所述第二管道52之间设有可转动的挡流组件53，所述挡流组件53连接有指针531，所述平衡侦测机构5还具有指示盘54，所述指针531根据所述挡流组件53的旋转在所述指示盘54上往复摆动。
在本发明的一可行实施方式中，如图9至图11所示，该第一管道51与第二管道52之间通过侦测壳体55相连通，该挡流组件53为挡流板，该挡流板可密封转动地设置在所述侦测壳体55中，该指针531与挡流板相连，指针531位于侦测壳体55外，该指示盘54设置在所述侦测壳体55的外壁。
该侦测壳体55可为一圆形壳体，其中部可转动地连接挡流板，挡流板的一侧为与第一气体相通的第一管道51，挡流板的另一侧为与第二气体相通的第二管道52，当第一管道51内的气体压力大于第二管道52内的气体压力时，如图10所示，挡流组件53在侦测壳体55内顺时针旋转，从而带动指针531旋转，以指示在指示盘54上的对应坐标处，从而显示出第一管道51内的气体与第二管道52内的气体之间的压力差。当第一管道51内的气体压力小于第二管道52内的气体压力时，如图11所示，挡流组件53在侦测壳体55内逆时针旋转，从而带动指针531旋转，以指示在指示盘54上的对应坐标处，从而显示出第一管道51内的气体与第二管道52内的气体之间的压力差。
在本发明的另一可行实施方式中，如图12至图15所示，该第一管道51与第二管道52并排设置，第一管道51与第二管道52内分别设有挡流叶片511、挡流叶片521，该挡流组件53包括中心轮532，中心轮532的两侧分别传动连接有第一连接杆533和第二连接杆534，该第一连接杆533与第一管道51内的挡流叶片511相连，该第二连接杆534与第二管道52内的挡流叶片521相连，指针531连接在中心轮54上并随中心轮54的转动而转动，该指示盘54位于第一管道51与第二管道52之间。
具体的，该实施方式中的平衡侦测机构5具有支架56，支架56的中部可转动地连接有中心轮532，该中心轮532为一圆柱齿轮结构；第一管道51与第二管道52分别位于支架56的两侧，也即位于中心轮532的两侧，其中，第一管道51内的挡流叶片511通过第一连接杆533与中心轮532传动连接，该第一连接杆533与中心轮532相接的一端设有锯齿结构，以便与中心轮532形成齿轮啮合结构，第二管道52内的挡流叶片521通过第二连接杆534与中心轮532传动连接，该第二连接杆534与中心轮532相接的一端设有锯齿结构，以便与中心轮532形成齿轮啮合结构。
在本实施例中，该第一管道51内的挡流叶片511与第一连接杆533同轴重合设置，该第二管道52内的挡流叶片521与第二连接杆534同轴相对设置，以便通过指示盘54反映第一管道51和第二管道52内的气体流量的差异程度。
在本实施例中，该挡流叶片511、挡流叶片521可为圆形、方形或多角形叶片状。如图15所示，挡流叶片511、挡流叶片521用于感应流经第一管道51、第二管道52的气流的流体推力。如图12所示，当第一管道51、第二管道52内的气流的流量相等时，挡流叶片511、挡流叶片521感应到的气流流体推力相等，指针531指向指示盘54的中心零点的位置或平衡零点的位置；如图13所示，当第二管道52内气流的压力大于第一管道51内的气流的压力时，第二管道52内的挡流叶片521感应到的气流流体推力大于第一管道51内的挡流叶片511感应到的气流流体推力，此时第二连接杆534获得的转动力矩大于第一连接杆533获得的转动力矩，从而拨动中心轮532及其上的指针531向第二管道52的方向偏离指示盘54的中心零点的位置，指示出不平衡的气流源以及不平衡的程度；如图14所示，当第一管道51内的气流的压力大于第二管道内52的气流的压力时，第一管道51内的挡流叶片511感应到的气流流体推力大于第二管道52内的挡流叶片521感应到的气流流体推力，则第一连接杆533获得的转动力矩大于第二连接杆534获得的转动力矩，从而拨动中心轮532及其上的指针531向第一管道51的方向偏离指示盘54的中心零点的位置，指示出不平衡的气流源以及不平衡的程度。
本发明的对压气能贮存装置10为采用内体1和外体2的双体结构，用于贮存高压贮气体和低压贮气体，不但提升了高压力、高压差气体间的贮能密度，而且可作为热功能循环系统的热量在内体1、外体2和内体1之间的腔体21中流动而得以交换；另外，该对压气能贮存装置10通过多个制动隔离支撑机构3分割为多个贮气体101以形成多舱体结构，每个贮气体101内的气流可通过制动隔离支撑机构3上的多个导流通道31、多个第二导流通道32正常通过。该制动隔离支撑机构的制动作用是：由于气体流速相对缓慢，制动隔离支撑机构3对其影响甚微，当异常泄露情况出现时，气流欲相对快速地通过各个制动隔离支撑机构3，此时的制动隔离支撑机构3由于受到的气流动能增大而主动对这一气流产生制动作用，保障了高压力、高压差气体间贮存的安全性；该制动隔离支撑机构3的支撑作用是：当对压气能贮存装置10内的气压增大时或内体1、腔体21间的压差增大时，对压气能贮存装置10的体壁的径向形变(体壁膨胀或体壁收缩)也随之增大，此时，设置于体壁径向的制动隔离支撑机构3，则起到了抑制这种形变的效果，进而提升了内体1、外体2的承压能力。
本发明的对压气能贮存装置10，其内储存的对压气能的气源介质来自于各自封闭的内体1和外体2，气源介质几乎与外界环境介质不发生交换关系，不受外界环境介质的影响。该对压气能贮存装置10内贮存的对压气能的热力学工况过程为等温、等容的热、工、能交换过程，在气源注入对压气能贮存装置10的形成过程中，随“压气”所伴生的升温，以及在气源自对压气能贮存装置10内输出的过程中，与随“抽气”所伴生的降温，互为补充，总排量近乎为零。
该对压气能贮存装置10内贮存的对压气能的气源动力使得压缩机和真空机按照等温、等容的方式做工，从而将对压气能贮存装置10的高压贮气体和低压贮气体造成高压压差，作为高压常温气能并加以贮存。其中，因为压缩过程产生的大量的热量与膨胀过程需要的大量的冷量，在数量上和时机上相等，从而可以通过内体1体壁的接触而相互补偿，无须额外的热能或冷能的存储，系统的储能运行效率因此而显著地得以提升。通过膨胀机和压缩机将该对压气能贮存装置10中的气能作用于发电机或气动机而做功，其中高压贮气体的膨胀过程需要的大量的冷量，以及低压贮气体的压缩过程产生的大量的热量，在数量上和时机上相等，从而亦可以通过内体1体壁的接触而相互补偿，而免除了额外的热能、冷能或非再生能源的补充，储能系统对外做功的运行效率因此而进一步得以提升，系统的投入和维护成本也得以降低。
如图16所示，本发明还提供一种对压气能贮存系统，其由多个如上所述的对压气能贮存装置10相连组成。其中，对压气能贮存装置10的具体结构、工作过程及其有益效果以在上述对压气能贮存装置10内进行详细说明，在此不再赘述。
本发明还提供一种对压气能贮存装置的检测方法，其包括如下步骤：
a)在所述的对压气能贮存装置10上连接平衡侦测机构5，所述平衡侦测机构5分别与所述对压气能贮存装置10的内体1、所述对压气能贮存装置10的腔体21相连通；
b)通过所述平衡侦测机构5侦测所述内体1内的第一气体的气流压力和所述腔体21内的第二气体的气流压力。
该检测方法的具体过程及其有益效果以在上述对压气能贮存装置10内进行详细说明，在此不再赘述。
本发明还提供一种平衡侦测机构5，如图9至图15所示，其具体结构、工作过程及其有益效果以在上述对压气能贮存装置10内进行详细说明，在此不再赘述。该平衡侦测机构5，利用对压气能的双压力共生的特性，实现对对压气能的压差检测，和对压气流的流差检测。提高了高压力、高压差气体贮存，运送中的可观测性和可维护性，便于识别出气体工质泄漏状况和定位泄漏地点，利于加强对压气能的输运、贮存管理能力和提升气源质量。
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (21)

1.一种对压气能贮存装置，其中，其包括内体和套设在所述内体外的外体，所述内体中填充有第一气体，所述外体与所述内体之间形成的腔体中填充有第二气体，所述第一气体与所述第二气体之间具有气能压差，所述气能压差为对压气能；其中，所述对压气能贮存装置内设有多个制动隔离支撑机构，所述内体通过所述多个制动隔离支撑机构分割为多个内隔离仓，所述外体与所述内体之间形成的腔体通过所述多个制动隔离支撑机构分割为多个外隔离仓，所述制动隔离支撑机构上设有多个第一导流通道和多个第二导流通道，多个所述外隔离仓通过所述多个第二导流通道相互连通，多个所述内隔离仓通过所述多个第一导流通道相互连通。
2.如权利要求1所述的对压气能贮存装置，其中，所述制动隔离支撑机构为制动隔离板，所述第一导流通道和所述第二导流通道均为设置在所述制动隔离板上的导流通孔。
3.如权利要求1所述的对压气能贮存装置，其中，所述制动隔离支撑机构为制动隔离板和可开合地连接在所述制动隔离板一侧的多个第一阻挡板，在所述多个第一阻挡板闭合的状态下，多个所述第一阻挡板封闭多个所述第一导流通道。
4.如权利要求3所述的对压气能贮存装置，其中，所述第二导流通道为设置在所述制动隔离板上的导流通孔。
5.如权利要求3所述的对压气能贮存装置，其中，所述制动隔离板的另一侧可开合地连接有多个第二阻挡板，在所述多个第二阻挡板闭合的状态下，多个所述第二阻挡板封闭多个所述第一导流通道。
6.如权利要求4所述的对压气能贮存装置，其中，所述制动隔离板的另一侧可开合地连接有多个第二阻挡板，在所述多个第二阻挡板闭合的状态下，多个所述第二阻挡板封闭多个所述第一导流通道。
7.如权利要求1～6中任一项所述的对压气能贮存装置，其中，所述外体的外部套设有保护体。
8.如权利要求1～6中任一项所述的对压气能贮存装置，其中，所述第一气体为高压贮气体，所述第二气体为低压贮气体；或所述第一气体为低压贮气体，所述第二气体为高压贮气体。
9.如权利要求8所述的对压气能贮存装置，其中，所述高压贮气体的压强大于所述低压贮气体的压强；其中，所述高压贮气体的压强为0.1MPa～100MPa，所述低压贮气体的压强为100Pa～30MPa。
10.如权利要求1～6中任一项所述的对压气能贮存装置，其中，所述外体为天然洞穴或人造矿道，所述内体为多个串联连通的罐体或球体；所述第一气体为低压贮气体，所述第二气体为高压贮气体。
11.如权利要求10所述的对压气能贮存装置，其中，所述高压贮气体的压强大于所述低压贮气体的压强；其中，所述高压贮气体的压强为0.1MPa～100MPa，所述低压贮气体的压强为100Pa～30MPa。
12.如权利要求1所述的对压气能贮存装置，其中，所述第一气体和所述第二气体同时为空气或氮气或氦气。
13.如权利要求1～6中任一项所述的对压气能贮存装置，其中，所述对压气能贮存装置连接有用于侦测所述第一气体的气流压力和所述第二气体的气流压力的平衡侦测机构，所述平衡侦测机构分别与所述内体、所述腔体相连通。
14.如权利要求13所述的对压气能贮存装置，其中，所述平衡侦测机构包括与所述内体相连通的第一管道和与所述腔体相连通的第二管道，所述第一管道和所述第二管道之间设有可转动的挡流组件，所述挡流组件连接有指针，所述平衡侦测机构还具有指示盘，所述指针根据所述挡流组件的旋转在所述指示盘上往复摆动。
15.如权利要求14所述的对压气能贮存装置，其中，所述第一管道与所述第二管道之间通过侦测壳体相连，所述挡流组件为挡流板，所述挡流板可密封转动地设置在所述侦测壳体中，所述指针与所述挡流板相连，所述指针位于所述侦测壳体外，所述指示盘设置在所述侦测壳体的外壁。
16.如权利要求14所述的对压气能贮存装置，其中，所述第一管道与所述第二管道并排设置，所述第一管道与所述第二管道内分别设有挡流叶片，所述挡流组件包括中心轮，所述中心轮的两侧分别传动连接有第一连接杆和第二连接杆，所述第一连接杆与所述第一管道内的挡流叶片相连，所述第二连接杆与所述第二管道内的挡流叶片相连，所述指针连接在所述中心轮上，所述指示盘位于所述第一管道与所述第二管道之间。
17.如权利要求16所述的对压气能贮存装置，其中，所述第一管道内的挡流叶片与所述第一连接杆同轴重合设置，所述第二管道内的挡流叶片与所述第二连接杆同轴相对设置。
18.一种对压气能贮存系统，其中，其由多个如权利要求1～17中任一项所述的对压气能贮存装置相连组成。
19.一种对压气能贮存装置的检测方法，其中，其包括如下步骤：
a)在如权利要求1～12中任一项所述的对压气能贮存装置上连接平衡侦测机构，所述平衡侦测机构分别与所述对压气能贮存装置的内体、所述对压气能贮存装置的腔体相连通；
b)通过所述平衡侦测机构侦测所述内体内的第一气体的气流压力和所述腔体内的第二气体的气流压力。
20.一种平衡侦测机构，其中，其包括第一管道和第二管道，所述第一管道和所述第二管道之间设有可转动的挡流组件，所述挡流组件连接有指针，所述平衡侦测机构还具有指示盘，所述指针根据所述挡流组件的旋转在所述指示盘上往复摆动，其中，所述第一管道与所述第二管道并排设置，所述第一管道与所述第二管道内分别设有挡流叶片，所述挡流组件包括中心轮，所述中心轮的两侧分别传动连接有第一连接杆和第二连接杆，所述第一连接杆与所述第一管道内的挡流叶片相连，所述第二连接杆与所述第二管道内的挡流叶片相连，所述指针连接在所述中心轮上，所述指示盘位于所述第一管道与所述第二管道之间。
21.如权利要求20所述的平衡侦测机构，其中，所述第一管道内的挡流叶片与所述第一连接杆同轴重合设置，所述第二管道内的挡流叶片与所述第二连接杆同轴相对设置。
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EP3415715A1 (en) 2018-12-19
EP3415714A1 (en) 2018-12-19
WO2017137014A1 (zh) 2017-08-17
CN108779672A (zh) 2018-11-09
CN108779673A (zh) 2018-11-09
WO2017137013A1 (zh) 2017-08-17
US20180363463A1 (en) 2018-12-20
CN108779672B (zh) 2020-12-25
US10738613B2 (en) 2020-08-11
EP3415715B1 (en) 2022-08-31
CN108779674A (zh) 2018-11-09
EP3415713A4 (en) 2020-03-11

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