CN108778799A - 车辆空调系统 - Google Patents

车辆空调系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108778799A
CN108778799A CN201680078747.6A CN201680078747A CN108778799A CN 108778799 A CN108778799 A CN 108778799A CN 201680078747 A CN201680078747 A CN 201680078747A CN 108778799 A CN108778799 A CN 108778799A
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compressor
air conditioner
vehicle air
vehicle
condenser
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罗德尼·克拉克
约书亚·皮切尔
安东尼·弗里
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Sigma Air Conditioning Pty Ltd
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Sigma Air Conditioning Pty Ltd
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Priority claimed from AU2015904767A external-priority patent/AU2015904767A0/en
Application filed by Sigma Air Conditioning Pty Ltd filed Critical Sigma Air Conditioning Pty Ltd
Publication of CN108778799A publication Critical patent/CN108778799A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00421—Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning
    • B60H1/00428—Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00421—Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning
    • B60H1/0045—Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning mechanical power take-offs from the vehicle propulsion unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3222—Cooling devices using compression characterised by the compressor driving arrangements, e.g. clutches, transmissions or multiple drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/323—Cooling devices using compression characterised by comprising auxiliary or multiple systems, e.g. plurality of evaporators, or by involving auxiliary cooling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3269—Cooling devices output of a control signal
    • B60H2001/327—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to a compressing unit
    • B60H2001/3272—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to a compressing unit to control the revolving speed of a compressor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3269—Cooling devices output of a control signal
    • B60H2001/328—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to an evaporating unit
    • B60H2001/3282—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to an evaporating unit to control the air flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2327/00—Refrigeration system using an engine for driving a compressor
    • F25B2327/001—Refrigeration system using an engine for driving a compressor of the internal combustion type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F25B2400/0401—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
    • F25B2600/0253—Compressor control by controlling speed with variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/11—Fan speed control
    • F25B2600/111—Fan speed control of condenser fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2501—Bypass valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1931—Discharge pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1933—Suction pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/195—Pressures of the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/197—Pressures of the evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2104—Temperatures of an indoor room or compartment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2106—Temperatures of fresh outdoor air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
    • F25B2700/21163—Temperatures of a condenser of the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
    • F25B2700/21175—Temperatures of an evaporator of the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/88—Optimized components or subsystems, e.g. lighting, actively controlled glasses

Abstract

本发明描述了一种车辆空调系统，其包括：电动压缩机；该电动压缩机可控制以在一定范围的速度下操作；以及冷凝器风扇，该冷凝器风扇可控制以在一定范围的速度下操作。

Description

车辆空调系统
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆空调系统。
背景技术
车辆被设置有HVAC(暖通空调)系统以保持车厢中的大气，该车厢是通风的并且保持让车辆乘员感到舒适的温度。这种系统通常仅在车辆发动机运转时才能操作。这主要是由于这种系统的空调压缩机的功率要求相对较高。车辆HVAC系统的压缩机通常借助于V形皮带或其它驱动耦合器耦合到车辆的发动机，并且因此依赖于车辆发动机的操作来进行操作。
已试图修改车辆HVAC系统以允许当车辆发动机未运转时通过利用由蓄电池供电的电动压缩机来操作空调系统。然而，已经发现这样的系统效率低下和/或不可靠。
仍然需要改进可在没有发动机功率的情况下操作的车辆HVAC系统。
发明内容
在第一方面中，本发明提供了一种车辆空调系统，其包括：电动压缩机；电动压缩机可控制以在一定范围的速度下操作；以及冷凝器风扇，该冷凝器风扇可控制以在一定范围的速度下操作。
可选地，该系统进一步包括控制装置，该控制装置被布置用于控制所述压缩机或所述冷凝器风扇的速度。
可选地，该控制装置基于车厢内空气温度与外部气温的比较来施加控制。
可选地，该控制装置基于对电动压缩机供电的电源的剩余容量来施加控制。
在第二方面中，本发明提供了一种包括制冷剂回路的车辆空调系统，其包括：电动压缩机；发动机驱动式压缩机；冷凝器盘管；蒸发器盘管；这两个压缩机都与油分离器耦合。
可选地，止回阀安装在冷凝器盘管与每个压缩机之间的回路中。
附图说明
现在只借助于示例参考附图来描述本发明的实施例，其中：
图1是示出使用发动机功率以第一模式操作的车辆HVAC系统的部件的示意图；并且
图2示出了在没有车辆发动机功率运转的情况下以第二模式操作的图1的车辆HVAC系统。
具体实施方式
参考图1，示出了车辆HVAC系统10的空调系统，其包括电动调节DC压缩机14，该压缩机14可控制以在多个速度下操作。压缩机速度根据控制信号而变化。该控制信号通常为模拟输入(例如，0-10VDC或脉宽调制PWM)的形式，其中压缩器的速度与该控制信号的模拟电平成比例。
压缩机14是制冷剂回路的一部分，该制冷剂回路包括装配有变速风扇18的冷凝器盘管16、装配有变速蒸发器风扇22的蒸发器20以及发动机驱动式压缩机30。
HVAC系统10能够以两种主要模式操作。在图1中，示出了第一模式，由发动机驱动式压缩机30泵送制冷剂的模式。在图2中，示出了第二模式，由电动压缩机14泵送制冷剂。
再次参考图1，在第一模式中，吸入管线32将制冷剂输送到压缩机30，在该压缩机30中，该致冷剂被压缩并且借助于排放管线33泵送到冷凝器盘管16。在排放管线33中设置有止回阀34。油分离器40将润滑油与制冷剂分离并且借助于回油管线42将润滑油回流到压缩机30。
制冷剂在冷凝器盘管16中冷凝，在该冷凝器盘管16中，该制冷剂借助于由箭头A指示的暖气流而损失热能。然后制冷剂借助于液体管线35被引导到蒸发器盘管20。在液体管线35中设置有观察镜38，通过该观察镜能够以已知方式目视检查回路中的制冷剂的液位或存在。观察镜能够被隔离并且通过关闭检修阀36、37进行更换。
制冷剂通过TX阀39输送到蒸发器盘管20，在该蒸发器盘管20中，制冷剂膨胀以吸收蒸发器风扇22通过蒸发器盘管20吹出的空气中的热量。车厢中的空气由箭头B指示般被风扇22汲取。空气损失热量到蒸发器盘管20并且作为由箭头C指示的冷却空气发出。该冷却空气从车辆内部的通风口中引出。
现在参考图2，在第二模式中，吸入管线50将制冷剂通过低压开关52和低压传感器54输送到压缩机14，在该压缩机14中，该制冷剂被压缩并且通过高压开关55和高压传感器56借助于排放管线53泵送到冷凝器盘管16。在排放管线53中设置有止回阀57。油分离器60将润滑油与制冷剂分离并且借助于回油管线62将润滑油回流到压缩机14。
如在第一模式中，制冷剂在冷凝器盘管16中冷凝，在该冷凝器盘管16中，该致冷剂借助于由箭头A指示的暖气流而损失热能。制冷剂然后借助于液体管线35被引导到蒸发器盘管20并且在蒸发器盘管20中以常见方式蒸发以在车厢内部提供冷却空气。
通过移除或断开现有的车辆冷凝器盘管并且安装包括图中的灰色区域12中的部件的模块来修改现有车辆来形成系统10。压缩机14由可以是现有车辆电池的蓄电池供电，或者可以是安装在车辆中的专用附加电池。在一些实施例中，压缩机由专用小型发电机供电。
系统10包括以下重要功能：
1.高效率控制
系统10在结合到模块12中的逻辑控制装置的控制下操作。该控制装置接收大量机器和环境输入以确定何时激活HVAC并且设置操作参数以使效率最大化并因此使功耗最小化，如下所示：
机器输入：
1.机器运转状态
2.驾驶员存在指示
3.手动超驰/激活/停用
环境输入
1.车厢温度
2.输出温度
HVAC输入
1.冷凝器温度
2.冷凝器压力
3.冷凝器吸入压力
4.冷凝器排放压力
5.蒸发器压力
6.蒸发器温度
7.蒸发器过热温度
8.冷凝器Cub冷却温度
并非所有的控制输入都可用于任何特定的安装。
进气风扇22、冷凝器风扇18以及压缩机14全部都具有变速控制以使得系统能够保持在最有效的控制点。这可以通过两种方式延长可用电源(在这种情况下为电池)的寿命。首先，通过最大化效率将功耗降到最低。其次，由于Peukert定律，以从铅酸电池汲取的较低电流下操作会导致可用容量更高。对于非电池电源，它还能够选择更小、更安静的基于发电机的电源。
2.驾驶员检测
系统10能够通过各种驾驶员检测装置构件中的一种来检测车厢中驾驶员的存在，这些驾驶员检测装置构件诸如座椅安装式压力开关、运动检测器或车厢入口处的周边检测装置。当系统检测到操作员已经离开车厢时，它会降低操作功耗，允许车厢温度存在一定的降级。然而，该降级保持较小，并且比室外条件更舒适。因此，当操作员重新进入车厢时，具有离开室外环境的初始舒适感，并且一旦系统检测到驾驶员存在，系统就会重新进入正常配置以使得期望条件得以快速恢复。
3.平稳降低和容量映射
控制系统允许从电源汲取电力，并且因此允许HVAC性能与电源的容量匹配，以允许在电力可用性有限的应用中操作。这可能涉及降低系统的操作性能，因为电池容量接近其剩余容量的限制以提供部分或降级的性能并且延长电池寿命以回报降级状况。
4.压缩机可靠性改进
系统10通过在这两个压缩机之间使用油分离和止回阀(止回阀)使得两个制冷系统能够共享相同的冷凝器和蒸发器盘管。油分离器确保每个压缩机中的油不与另一个压缩机混合，或者确保一个压缩机中的油不会转移到另一个压缩机，从而导致压缩机以低油耗磨损。止回阀(或“止回(check)”)阀确保没有背压制冷剂由于背压而从一个压缩机排放口传递到另一个压缩机排放口，由此将所有制冷剂都保持在有源回路中，并且还消除了由于制冷剂回流所引起的可能的压缩机损坏。
5.综合数据记录
系统10使得由控制算法管理的压力、温度和机器数据(例如，闲置时间)能够长时间写入车载存储器。该日志记录允许映射系统的性能、机器闲置和运转时间、维护计划和实现条件监视以用于预测性维护目的。该数据有助于将停机时间最小化，监视驾驶员行为，并且使得操作员能够量化系统的优势。
根据本发明的系统特别适用于采矿机械应用，诸如推土机或矿用卡车。这些类型的车辆通常在气候非常炎热的地区操作。此外，在一个工作日以内，采矿车辆可能不会一直积极工作。例如，车辆可能正在排队或等待某个其它事件(例如，装载或卸载)，或者车辆的驾驶员可能正在计划休息。在其它时间，未预见到的中断可能需要车辆保持静止并等待。在这些时间以内，通常的做法是让车辆的发动机保持运转，以保持车辆空调系统的操作。
除非另有说明，否则本文包含的对现有技术的任何提及不被视为承认该信息是一般常识。
最后，应当明白的是，在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，可以对前述部分进行各种改变或添加。

Claims (6)

1.一种车辆空调系统，其包括：
电动压缩机；
所述电动压缩机可控制以在一定范围的速度下操作；
以及冷凝器风扇，所述冷凝器风扇可控制以在一定范围的速度下操作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆空调系统，其进一步包括控制装置，所述控制装置被布置用于控制所述压缩机或所述冷凝器风扇的速度。
3.根据权利要求2所述的车辆空调系统，其中所述控制装置基于车厢内空气温度与外部气温的比较来施加控制。
4.根据权利要求2所述的车辆空调系统，其中所述控制装置基于对所述电动压缩机供电的电源的剩余容量来施加控制。
5.一种包括制冷剂回路的车辆空调系统，其包括：
电动压缩机；
发动机驱动式压缩机；
冷凝器盘管；
蒸发器盘管；
所述两个压缩机都与油分离器耦合。
6.根据权利要求5所述的车辆空调系统，其中止回阀安装在所述冷凝器盘管与每个压缩机之间的回路中。
CN201680078747.6A 2015-11-19 2016-08-08 车辆空调系统 Pending CN108778799A (zh)

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