CN108774225B - β-咔啉-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺杂交分子化合物、合成方法和应用 - Google Patents
β-咔啉-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺杂交分子化合物、合成方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及β‑咔啉‑1,8‑萘二甲酰亚胺杂交分子化合物、合成方法和应用。本发明的化合物根据分子杂交原理通过click反应将β‑咔啉衍生物和1,8‑萘二甲酰亚胺荧光团相结合得到。在水相比例逐渐增加时,本发明化合物通过π‑π堆积作用开始聚集,并伴随着很好的荧光发射性质。当在合适溶液体系中加入金属离子后,化合物与金属离子发生配位,由于整体带有的正电荷的相互排斥从而使其在水相中进行解聚。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及基于β-咔啉-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺杂交分子化合物、合成方法及其应用。
背景技术
有机发光材料在现代技术的发展过程中引起了科学家极大的兴趣,尤其是光电材料、光电子器件、光动力疗法、荧光传感器等方面,在现实生活中十分迫切需要固态高效发光材料。事实上,发光材料的荧光强度通常取决于有机化合物有序的内在结合。有机化合物的延伸聚集会产生两种拮抗效应:一方面,这促进了激子的快速迁移从而使荧光增强;另一方面,由于物理相互作用(π-π堆积、分子内或分子间的电荷转移、基态的复杂形成、激发态的反应等),有利于分子的聚集从而使激发态的非辐射衰减,这是获得固态有机发光材料的一种巨大的挑战。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一类新型的β-咔啉-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺杂交分子化合物。
基于上述目的,本发明提供的新型的β-咔啉-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺分子材料,其杂交分子的结构如式(I)所示:
式(I)所示的化合物1-1、1-2、1-3为β-咔啉-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺杂交分子化合物。
本发明的杂交分析化合物可采用click反应将β-咔啉单元通过三唑基团连接到1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺结构上得到。
本发明的杂交分子可在含水相的DMSO溶液体系中荧光发射峰位于460nm-550nm的青色-黄色荧光区域,荧光量子产率为0.8%-10%。
经过荧光光谱及场发射电子扫描分析,本发明所述的杂交分子具有的AIE性能,可发展为新型AIE发光材。因此,更进一步的,本发明还提供了β-咔啉-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺杂交分子化合物作为荧光探针的应用。
本发明的杂交分子化合物在合适溶液体系中具有聚集诱导荧光的性质。继续加入金属离子后,含有β-咔啉-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺杂交分子可在原溶液中发生解聚。
本发明还提供了上述化合物制备用于检测金属离子荧光探针的应用。进一步可以用于检测饮用水、污水、食品或细胞中的金属离子,或者是饮用水、污水、食品或细胞经预处理后利于金属离子检测的物质。
同时本发明还提供了上述化合物的金属离子配位化合物。所提供的金属离子配位化合物可作为荧光材料应用。
本发明的金属离子包括Al3+、Cr3+、Fe3+或Hg2+等可与本发明的化合物发生配位的金属离子。
附图说明
图1为本发明化合物的荧光光谱图,其中A-C分别为化合物1-1(10μM)、1-2(10μM)和1-3(10μM)在不同水相比例的DMSO溶液中的荧光光谱,激发波长分别为350nm、370nm和450nm;D-F分别为化合物1-1、1-2和1-3相对应的固体荧光照片。
图2为本发明杂交分子的场发射电子扫描图,其中A为化合物1-1在纯四氢呋喃溶液中的电子扫描图;B为化合物1-1在90%的水-四氢呋喃溶液中的电子扫描图;C为化合物1-2在纯四氢呋喃溶液中的电子扫描图;D为化合物1-2在90%的水-四氢呋喃溶液中的电子扫描图;E为化合物1-3在纯四氢呋喃溶液中的电子扫描图;F为化合物1-3在90%的水-四氢呋喃溶液中的电子扫描图。
图3为本发明杂交分子发生解聚的场发射电子扫描图,其中A为化合物1-1在纯四氢呋喃溶液中的电子扫描图;B为化合物1-1在50%的水-四氢呋喃溶液中的电子扫描图;C为化合物1-1在50%的水-四氢呋喃溶液中加入3eq Al3+的电子扫描图;D为化合物1-2在纯四氢呋喃溶液中的电子扫描图;E为化合物1-2在50%的水-四氢呋喃溶液中的电子扫描图;F为化合物1-2在50%的水-四氢呋喃溶液中加入3eq Al3+的电子扫描图;G为化合物1-3在纯四氢呋喃溶液中的电子扫描图;H为化合物1-3在50%的水-四氢呋喃溶液中的电子扫描图;I为化合物1-3在50%的水-四氢呋喃溶液中加入3eq Al3+的电子扫描图。
图4为本发明化合物1-1对Al3+的荧光响应图,A为化合物1-1(10μM)在DMSO(50%水)中与不同浓度Al3+反应后的荧光光谱图,激发波长为350nm。B为化合物1-1(10μM)在470nm与380nm处的荧光强度比值随Al3+浓度的变化所拟合的线性关系图。
图5为本发明化合物1-1对Al3+响应的干扰图,A为化合物1-1(10μM)先加入不同种类金属离子(30μM,黑色),继续加入Al3+(30μM,灰色)后发生反应的I470/I380相对荧光强度变化柱状图;B为在含有50%水的DMSO溶液中,化合物1-1(10μM)先加入Na2S作用后再加入3eq的金属离子反应后的荧光柱状图,λ=350nm,狭缝为3nm和5nm。
图6为本发明化合物1-1对生活污水中Al3+的应用研究图,A)化合物1-1(10μM)在DMSO/污水(1:1)测试体系和DMSO/纯水(1:1)测试体系中与Al3+反应后的荧光光谱图,激发波长为350nm。B)在不同测试中,化合物1-1(10μM)在470nm与380nm处的荧光强度Log比值随Al3+浓度的变化所拟合的线性关系图。
图7为本发明化合物1-2对Al3+响应的荧光光谱图,A)化合物1-2(10μM)在DMSO(50%水)中与不同浓度Al3+反应后的荧光光谱图,激发波长为370nm。B)在含有50%水的DMSO溶液中,化合物1-1(10μM)先Na2S作用后再加入3eq的金属离子反应后的荧光柱状图,λ=370nm,狭缝为3nm和5nm。
图8为本发明杂交分子的核磁共振谱图,A)化合物1-1的1H核磁谱图,B)化合物1-1的13C核磁谱图,C)化合物1-2的1H核磁谱图,D)化合物1-2的13C核磁谱图。
具体实施方案
本发明的化合物根据分子杂交原理通过click反应将β-咔啉衍生物和1,8-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺荧光团相结合得到。即通过三唑基团将β-咔啉衍生物和1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺衍生物在不同位点连接起来合成3个固态发光化合物1-1、1-2、1-3。其中作为反应原料的β-咔啉衍生物可以是:R1=CH3,CH2CH3,Ar等;R2=COOCH3,COOCH2CH3等;1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺衍生物可以是:R=CH3,CH2CH3,Ar等。本发明化合物制备更具体的操作可以是:反应原料混合制备反应体系,之后加入合适的催化剂在合理温度下反应后经分离纯化得本发明的化合物,或者将反应原料、合适的催化剂混合后在合理的温度下反应后经分离纯化得本发明的化合物。
在水相比例逐渐增加时,本发明化合物通过π-π堆积作用开始聚集,并伴随着很好的荧光发射性质。当在合适溶液体系中加入金属离子(例如Al3+,Cr3+,Fe3+,Hg2+)后,化合物与金属离子发生配位,由于整体带有的正电荷的相互排斥从而使其在水相中进行解聚。
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施例,并参考附图,对本发明进一步详细说明。
实施例1:化合物1-1的合成
取4-叠氮基-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺化合物252mg(1mmol)和9-丙炔基-β-咔啉化合物206mg(1mmol)溶解于40mL四氢呋喃中,得反应体系;
将五水硫酸铜500mg(2mmol)和抗坏血酸352mg(2mmol)用蒸馏水溶解并迅速混合后加入到反应体系中,加热至60℃搅拌6h;
待反应结束后,加入蒸馏水100mL,用二氯甲烷萃取5次,每次40mL,收集含有产物的二氯甲烷相得到粗产品用硅胶柱层析分离纯化,得到化合物1-1 160mg,产率35%。
用核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)以及高分辨质谱证实了本发明化合物的结构。检测所用仪器为Bruker AV III-500MHz型核磁共振仪和高分辨液质联用仪(AB SciexTripleTOF 5600)。如图8所示:
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:9.34(s,1H),8.99(s,1H),8.54(d,J=7.7Hz,2H),8.45(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),8.31(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),8.18(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),8.05(t,J=8.9Hz,1H),8.00(dd,J=13.1,8.1Hz,2H),7.87(dt,J=18.6,9.3Hz,1H),7.72-7.65(m,1H),7.34(q,J=7.1Hz,1H),6.00(s,2H),3.40(s,3H);
13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:163.82,163.29,144.07,141.02,139.26,137.74,136.35,133.42,131.76,130.70,129.45,129.22,128.89,128.50,128.10,126.69,126.11,124.66,123.76,122.94,122.44,121.07,120.35,115.13,111.09,38.01,27.29.
实施例2:化合物1-2的合成
取3-叠氮基-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺化合物252mg(1mmol)以及9-丙炔基-β-咔啉化合物206mg(1mmol)溶解于40mL的四氢呋喃中,得反应体系;
取五水硫酸铜500mg(2mmol)和抗坏血酸352mg(2mmol)用蒸馏水溶解并迅速混合后加入到反应体系中,加热至60℃搅拌6h;
待反应结束后,加入蒸馏水100mL,用二氯甲烷萃取5次,每次40mL,收集含有产物的二氯甲烷相得到粗产品用硅胶柱层析分离纯化,得到化合物1-2 224mg,产率49%。
如图8所示:
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:9.17(s,1H),8.87(s,1H),8.75(s,1H),8.69(s,1H),8.50(d,J=6.4Hz,1H),8.39(s,1H),8.26(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),8.12(d,J=6.8Hz,1H),7.97(s,1H),7.78(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.60(s,1H),7.27(s,1H),5.80(s,2H),3.44(s,3H);
13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:163.74,163.36,144.93,141.20,139.18,136.45,135.33,134.83,133.36,132.20,131.51,128.97,128.28,126.99,124.57,123.90,122.84,122.62,122.55,122.41,121.20,120.37,115.05,111.07,100.00,38.45,27.27。
实施例3:化合物1-3的合成
取2-(4-叠氮基苯基)-6-(二甲氨基)-1,8-萘二甲酰亚胺化合物178.5(0.5mmol)以及9-丙炔基-β-咔啉化合物102.5mg(0.5mmol)溶解于40mL的四氢呋喃中,得反应体系;
取五水硫酸铜250mg(1mmol)和抗坏血酸176mg(1mmol),用蒸馏水溶解并迅速混合后加入到反应体系中,加热至60℃搅拌6h;
待反应结束后,加入蒸馏水100mL,用二氯甲烷萃取5次,每次40mL,收集含有产物的二氯甲烷相得到粗产品用硅胶柱层析分离纯化,得到化合物1-3 193mg,产率65%。
如图8所示:
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:9.06(s,1H),8.58(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),8.48(dd,J=7.7,4.3Hz,3H),8.17(d,J=8.1Hz,1H),8.00(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),7.78(dd,J=18.3,9.5Hz,3H),7.72-7.62(m,3H),7.39(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.34(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.13(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),5.81(s,2H),3.12(s,6H);
13C NMR(125MHz,CDCl3)δ:169.12,168.45,162.22,148.88,145.93,141.20,141.11,137.80,137.69,135.95,135.48,135.36,131.30,133.69,133.57,129.91,129.70,129.59,127.65,126.75,126.08,125.92,125.74,125.63,125.07,118.86,117.96,115.12,114.9 7,43.43,33.17。
实施例4:本发明化合物的荧光检测
针对上述实施例的化合物做了荧光检测,各检测过程如下:
1、化合物1-1、1-2和1-3溶解于DMSO,制备成1mM的探针母液用于在不同水比例体系中的荧光检测,测试溶液体系:在石英皿中,加入3mL的含有水相比例分别为0,20%,30%,40%,50%,60%,70%,80%,90%的DMSO溶液,测定其荧光光谱,荧光发射光谱表征所用仪器为RF-5301型荧光光谱仪(扫描范围360-800nm)。检测结果如图1A-C所示。附图1可以很清楚的看出,随着水相比例的增加,化合物1-1、1-2和1-3在不同的荧光发射波长处荧光强度逐渐增强,具有AIE性质的潜质。此外,利用场发射扫描电子显微镜进行聚集形态成像分析(图2所示),结果表明,在纯有机溶液中,化合物1-1、1-2和1-3均处于分散状态;当水相含量达到90%时,化合物1-1、1-2和1-3由于聚集作用在溶液中形成了规则的聚集形貌。
2、九水合硝酸铝溶解于水中制备成10mM的溶液。其他金属离子分别溶解于水中制备成10mM的溶液。在已含有探针的50%水的DMSO体系中加入3eq的上述金属离子,测定荧光光谱。每次的荧光光谱在15s内测试完成。检测结果如图4A-B所示,探针1-1的发射波长发生明显的红移现象,说明该化合物能够与Al3+进行络合,可实现对Al3+比率型荧光定量检测。附图3可以很清楚的看出,化合物1-1、1-2与Al3+配位之后,由于电荷的相互排斥作用使化合物1-1、1-2发生原位解聚。
3、硫化钠溶解于水中制备成10mM的溶液。在已含有探针的50%水的DMSO体系中,先加入3eq的Na2S作用后再加入3eq的金属离子(Hg2+、Cr3+、Fe3+、Al3+),测定荧光光谱。每次的荧光光谱在15s内测试完成。检测结果如图5A-B所示,化合物1-1可与金属离子(Fe3+、Cr3 +、Hg2+、Al3+)发生配位,而Na2S可优先与Fe3+,Cr3+,Hg2+形成难溶性盐。当提前加入相同当量的Na2S可实现化合物1-1对Al3+的荧光检测。此外,图7A-B可以看出,化合物1-2也可与金属离子(Fe3+,Cr3+,Hg2+,Al3+)发生配位,当提前加入相同当量的Na2S也可实现化合物1-2对Al3+的荧光检测。
4、将生活污水过滤得到的澄清液与DMSO溶液进行1:1混合配成测试体系,在已含有探针的50%生活污水的DMSO体系中加入3eq的Al3+离子,测定荧光光谱。检测结果如图6所示,在加入从测试体系DMSO/污水(1:1)和测试体系DMSO/纯水(1:1)中所得到的检测结果几乎相同,说明生活污水中不包含金属离子,测试结果均在误差之内。
Claims (6)
2.权利要求1所述的化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,制备方法包括采用click反应合成所述化合物。
3.权利要求1所述化合物作为AIE发光材料的应用。
4.权利要求1所述化合物制备用于检测Al3+、Cr3+、Fe3+或Hg2+的荧光探针的应用。
5.一种金属离子检测方法,其特征在于,方法包括在含有水、有机溶剂、待测对象物和权利要求1所述化合物的体系中通过荧光检测金属离子,所述有机溶剂为DMSO、四氢呋喃或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,所述金属离子为Al3+、Cr3+、Fe3+或Hg2+。
6.权利要求5所述的金属离子检测方法,其特征在于,所述待测对象物为饮用水、污水、食品或细胞,或者是饮用水、污水、食品或细胞经预处理后利于金属离子检测的物质。
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