CN108759313A - 一种褐煤干燥-干法分选协同优化提质方法及工艺 - Google Patents

一种褐煤干燥-干法分选协同优化提质方法及工艺 Download PDF

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CN108759313A
CN108759313A CN201810619868.8A CN201810619868A CN108759313A CN 108759313 A CN108759313 A CN 108759313A CN 201810619868 A CN201810619868 A CN 201810619868A CN 108759313 A CN108759313 A CN 108759313A
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CN108759313B (zh
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张博
张亚东
赵跃民
闫光辉
骆振福
段晨龙
董良
周恩会
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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Abstract

一种褐煤干燥‑干法分选协同优化提质方法及工艺，属于煤炭筛分与分选系统及工艺领域。依据褐煤发热量与水分和灰分的关系，并考虑生产过程中所需的生产成本，选择合适的干燥和干法分选形式进行优化组合，采用先干选‑再干燥的工艺；包括：(1)依据其灰分和水分的含量比例，在生产前，选择发热量与煤的变质程度、水分含量和灰分含量的关系式进行煤炭发热量预评估；(2)结合生产成本与灰分含量和的水分含量关系式进行成本预算，确定脱灰和脱水程度，选择褐煤降灰提质预处理工艺。优点：工艺简单、分选效率高，满足了干法分选作业中对入选原煤外在水分的要求，实现了煤炭降灰提质，提高了褐煤发热量和精煤产量，降低了能量损耗和生产成本。

Description

一种褐煤干燥-干法分选协同优化提质方法及工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及煤炭筛分与分选系统及工艺领域，特别是一种褐煤干燥-干法分选协同优化提质方法及工艺。
背景技术
煤炭是我国的主体能源，其中褐煤占国家煤炭资源总储量的16％，约有1303亿吨。2017年全国煤炭产量35.2亿吨，约占我国能源消费的60.4％，虽然煤炭资源需求量大，但随着东部煤炭资源的日渐枯竭及优质煤炭的大量开发，中国已经进入低品质煤资源的开发时期，因此劣质煤的利用将越来越重要。然而我国褐煤水分较高，平均全水分在30％左右，不仅在热值上难以满足生产生活要求，同时其产生的污染物又是优质煤的数倍。此外，褐煤易风化易自燃的特点给长距离运输和长时间贮存带来了困难，因此褐煤资源的大规模提质利用对于实现我国以煤为主的能源持续供给，保障经济快速持续发展具有重大战略意义。
褐煤具有煤化程度低、含水量大、挥发分含量高和热值低的特点决定了褐煤使用前必须经过脱灰脱水过程进行提质；但由于褐煤易泥化，难以采用湿法分选技术提质；干法分选脱灰对入选原煤的外水又有严格要求，同时现有的煤炭单一脱水技术存在能耗高、脱水后界面不稳定、提质煤易复吸等问题。因此，目前现有的褐煤脱水提质技术只能实现部分水分的脱除，不能起到煤炭的分选作用，而湿法选煤技术更不能对褐煤起到脱灰脱水的作用，而且整个过程工艺复杂，能耗较大，生产成本较高。
发明内容
发明目的：为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供一种褐煤干燥-分选协同优化提质方法和工艺，方法工艺简单、分选效率高、能耗低、生产成本低。
技术方案：为实现上述目的，本发明的优化技术方案为：依据褐煤发热量与水分和灰分的关系，并考虑生产过程中所需的生产成本，选择合适的干燥和干法分选形式进行优化组合，采用先干选-再干燥的工艺；包括：
(1)依据其灰分和水分的含量比例，在生产前，选择发热量与煤的变质程度、水分含量和灰分含量的关系式进行煤炭发热量预评估；
(2)结合生产成本与灰分含量和的水分含量关系式进行成本预算，确定脱灰和脱水程度，选择褐煤降灰提质预处理工艺。
所述的褐煤的发热量与水分含量和灰分含量的关系式为：
其中，Qgr，d表示褐煤的发热量，Mt表示煤炭的全水分，Ad表示煤炭灰分，Var表示收到基的灰分，Vdaf表示干燥无灰基挥发分。
所述的生产成本(S)与煤炭灰分含量(Ad)和水分含量(Mad)的关系式为：
S＝ω·Mad+γ·Ad (2)
其中HMA为等成本线与发热量的切点，即生产成本最低点；S为生产成本；Ad为煤炭灰分含量；Mad为水分含量；；ω表示分选过程脱除的水分比例，γ表示分选过程脱除的灰分比例。
所述的褐煤降灰提质预处理工艺为先初降灰-再深脱水工艺：褐煤物料首先通过X射线干法分选设备、复合式干法分选设备或流化床进行初步排矸，使部分矸石在初次排矸工艺中被剔除，利于褐煤在干燥工艺流程中降低能量损耗，排矸后的褐煤进入微波、振动混流或流化床装置进行干燥。
有益效果，由于采用了上述方案，根据褐煤煤质情况，选择合适的干燥方法和干法分选形式进行优化组合。由于褐煤中的水分含量较高，且主要以游离态水形式赋存在褐煤颗粒间隙和表面的大直径孔中，其结合力较弱，以分子间作用力为主，且脱除较为简单，所需能耗较低。因此对于褐煤应采用先干选-再干燥的工艺。在生产前，选择技术方案中的式(1)进行煤炭发热量预评估，并结合技术方案中的式(2)和(3)进行成本预算，进而确定脱灰和脱水程度，对生产工艺进行量化掌控。由于褐煤表面水易受温度的影响，因此进入脱水装置的褐煤能够迅速脱除煤炭表面的游离态水，达到实际应用的要求，提高了褐煤的煤质特性，实现了干燥和降灰提质。
优点：采用脱水与干法分选一体化思路提高褐煤煤质特性，既能满足干法分选作业中对入选原煤外在水分的要求，实现了煤炭降灰提质，同时提高了煤炭发热量和精煤产量，降低了能量损耗和生产成本，简化了工艺流程。方法工艺简单、分选效率高、能耗低、生产成本低，实现了良好的经济实用效益。
附图说明：
图1是本发明的工艺示意图。
图2是本发明实施例的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明的优化提质方法：依据褐煤发热量与水分和灰分的关系，并考虑生产过程中所需的生产成本，选择合适的干燥和干法分选形式进行优化组合，采用先干选-再干燥的工艺；包括：
(1)依据其灰分和水分的含量比例，在生产前，选择发热量与煤的变质程度、水分含量和灰分含量的关系式进行煤炭发热量预评估；
(2)结合生产成本与灰分含量和的水分含量关系式进行成本预算，确定脱灰和脱水程度，选择褐煤降灰提质预处理工艺。
所述的褐煤的发热量与水分含量和灰分含量的关系式为：
其中，Qgr，d表示褐煤的发热量，Mt表示煤炭的全水分，Ad表示煤炭灰分，Var表示收到基的灰分，Vdaf表示干燥无灰基挥发分。
所述的生产成本与煤炭灰分含量和水分含量的关系式为：
S＝ω·Mad+γ·Ad (2)
其中HMA为等成本线与发热量的切点，即生产成本最低点；S为生产成本；Ad为煤炭灰分含量；Mad为水分含量；ω表示分选过程脱除的水分比例，γ表示分选过程脱除的灰分比例。
所述的褐煤降灰提质预处理工艺为先初降灰-再深脱水工艺：褐煤物料首先通过X射线干法分选设备、复合式干法分选设备或流化床进行初步排矸，使部分矸石在初次排矸工艺中被剔除，利于褐煤在干燥工艺流程中降低能量损耗，排矸后的褐煤进入微波、振动混流或流化床装置进行干燥。
下面结合附图对本发明更进一步的说明。
实施例1：图2中。
步骤A：褐煤通过利用发热量和生产成本两个评价指标确定最终要降低的灰分含量和水分量，由于褐煤含水量较高，选择利用初排矸-再脱水的工艺进行生产。
步骤B：褐煤经皮带运输机通过溜槽给入到弹性分级筛进行干法深度分级，弹性分级筛筛孔尺寸为30mm，筛上+30mm物料进入破碎机，破碎后出料与弹性分级筛筛下-30mm物料一起进入X射线干法分选设备、复合式干法分选设备或流化床进行初步排矸，剔除部分矸石达到降灰要求。
步骤C：弹性分级筛的筛下-30mm物料及筛上经过破碎机破碎后的物料，选择性进入振动混流、微波和流化床设备进行微脱水处理，脱除煤炭表面外水或表面水，当达到预期干燥目的时，停止干燥。
步骤D:经过微降灰处理过的褐煤，然后进入微波、振动混流、或流化床装置进行干燥，通过一定时间的脱水处理，即可得到所需产品。

Claims (4)

1.一种褐煤干燥-干法分选协同优化提质方法及工艺，其特征是：依据褐煤发热量与水分和灰分的关系，并考虑生产过程中所需的生产成本，选择合适的干燥和干法分选形式进行优化组合，采用先干选-再干燥的工艺；包括：
(1)依据其灰分和水分的含量比例，在生产前，选择发热量与煤的变质程度、水分含量和灰分含量的关系式进行煤炭发热量预评估；
(2)结合生产成本与灰分含量和的水分含量关系式进行成本预算，确定脱灰和脱水程度，选择褐煤降灰提质预处理工艺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种褐煤干燥-干法分选协同优化提质方法及工艺，其特征是：所述的褐煤的发热量与水分含量和灰分含量的关系式为：
其中，Qgr，d表示褐煤的发热量，Mt表示煤炭的全水分，Ad表示煤炭灰分，Var表示收到基的灰分，Vdaf表示干燥无灰基挥发分。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种褐煤干燥-干法分选协同优化提质方法及工艺，其特征是：所述的生产成本(S)与煤炭灰分含量(Ad)和水分含量(Mad)的关系式为：
S＝ω·Mad+γ·Ad (2)
其中HMA为等成本线与发热量的切点，即生产成本最低点；S为生产成本；Ad为煤炭灰分含量；Mad为水分含量；ω表示分选过程脱除的水分比例，γ表示分选过程脱除的灰分比例。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种褐煤干燥-干法分选协同优化提质方法及工艺，其特征是：所述的褐煤降灰提质预处理工艺为先初降灰-再深脱水工艺：褐煤物料首先通过X射线干法分选设备、复合式干法分选设备或流化床进行初步排矸，使部分矸石在初次排矸工艺中被剔除，利于褐煤在干燥工艺流程中降低能量损耗，排矸后的褐煤进入微波、振动混流或流化床装置进行干燥。
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