CN1087579A - 炊具涂覆层系统 - Google Patents

炊具涂覆层系统 Download PDF

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CN1087579A
CN1087579A CN93118819A CN93118819A CN1087579A CN 1087579 A CN1087579 A CN 1087579A CN 93118819 A CN93118819 A CN 93118819A CN 93118819 A CN93118819 A CN 93118819A CN 1087579 A CN1087579 A CN 1087579A
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K·巴特扎
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Abstract

金属炊具，具有多层涂覆层系统。包括具有较多 的Al2O3、PTFE与PFA或FEP的混合物的底涂 层，具有较少的Al2O3的中涂层与具有PTFE的表 面涂层，以及制备该种涂覆系统的方法。

Description

本发明涉及加以涂复的炊具，特别地涉及一种具有不产生刮痕的不粘涂复层的炊具。
人们一直在想获得一种不产生刮痕的不粘涂复层的炊具。已进行过的努力是采用一种较硬的辅助性耐热树脂，包括全氟化碳聚合物树脂，例如聚四氟乙烯（PTFE），四氟乙烯与六氟丙烯的共聚物，已知的有氟化乙烯-丙烯（FEP），或全氟烷基乙烯基醚与四全基乙烯的共聚物。虽在炊具与工业涂复层中还采用了各种颜料与填充剂，包括云母与胶态硅胶，但理想的防划痕炊具涂复层仍未制成。
本发明提供了一种炊具，它具有涂复有抗划痕不粘涂复层系统的金属基底，其中上述涂复层系统具有施于金属基底上的底涂层，粘附在上述底涂层上的中涂层与粘附在上述中涂层上的表面涂层。
上述底涂层包括约15至35重量百分比的煅烧氧化铝，其颗粒平均直径小于20微米;重量百分比约为35至70的全氟化碳聚合物，后者包括重量百分比为50至70的聚四氟乙烯与重量百分比为50至30的共聚物，该共聚物从氟化乙烯-丙烯和与四氟乙烯共聚的全氟烷基乙烯基醚中选出;以及约15至30重量百分比的辅助热稳定聚合物，它们选自聚酰胺一酰亚胺、聚苯撑硫与聚醚砜。
上述中间涂层包括有重量百分比为10至20的煅烧氧化铝;重量百分比为90至80的全氟化碳聚合物，该聚合物中聚四氟乙烯与所述共聚物的重量百分比为80-90∶20-10;以及
上述表面涂层为聚四氟乙烯。
本发明也提供制成该基底上的涂复层的方法。底涂层的涂布是采用常规方法，例如喷涂后再加以干燥以基本上除去所有的水份来防止从内部产生损害，底涂层的干膜厚度（DFT）范围为13至22.5μm，最好是17.5至20μm。而后中间涂层与表面涂层作湿式涂布并无须专门进行过分干燥，其占厚度DFT值最好为32.5至45μm，表面涂层的DFT值最好为7.0至10μm，中间层最好平衡在7.5至10μmDFT之间。底涂层DFT值为中间层DFT值的1.5至2倍。
本发明涉及的是在底涂层中使用25-35%高百分比的微粒（平均小于10μm或最好是约3至5μm）煅烧氧化铝陶瓷，同时仍保持膜层对基底的粘性比在不含瓷的20μm至13μm的底涂层可达到的更高。所达到的这种膜厚在与含10-25%的同样的氧化铝的中涂层相接合时不会发生起泡现象。共聚物可以使中涂层与底涂层之间的层间粘性得以维持。这种联结增加了在该体系中涂复在底涂层上的最上膜层构造中填料百分率。该基底层包含有PTFE/FEP或PFA的氟聚合同聚物/共聚物（最佳比率为60/40），以实现在底涂层中的粘结，而在中涂层中含有PTFE/PFA的同聚物/共聚物混合体（最佳比率为85/15）以保持层间粘结。对现有体系的改进取决于使用下述的指定为AIHAT（家庭中加速破坏试验）的烹调试验。
下面的表格所示的成份最好用来制造三涂层。其中“%干基重”是最终的涂复体系的量值。在组份中的“湿基重”在表示百分率方面不是标准化的。“%固形物”是指组分。它们的混合和应用属于现有技术。基底的制备可以借助现有技术，例如蚀刻、擦砂或喷砂、烧结、硬涂层阳极处理、火焰或等离子喷涂，或它们的组合。在本试验中所使用的基底是采用喷砂以达到4.5至5μm的表面起伏。所用的PTFE是杜邦的分散系T30，FEP是杜邦的分散系TE9075。PFA是采用粘度为20至40×105泊[20至40×104帕秒]的溶液。在涂复中涂层与表面涂层之前要对底涂层进行干燥以除去水份，而往中涂层上涂复表面涂层时，并不需要先对中涂层加以干燥，在该涂层系形成之后以通常的技术方式使其固化，例如427℃的温度下处理5分钟。每一涂层所施加的剂量予以调整至得到所要求的DFT。虽在固化后对底涂层与中涂层的厚度加以测量会很困难，但在制作过程中时底涂层的DFT是已知的。表面涂层的DFT则易于测量。
底涂层    组分湿基重    %固形物    %干基重
糠醇    1.6
聚酰胺酸的
AITine盐    15.9    29    18.24
去离子水    40.8    -    -
PTFE分散系    10.9    60    25.90
FEP分散系    8.1    55    17.65
氧化铝分散系    12.0    50    23.75
群青分散系    3.0    52    6.17
氧化铁分散系    0.3    55    0.66
碳黑分散系    4.1    25    4.07
胶态硅胶    3.2    30    3.56
100.00
底涂层    组份湿基重    %固形物    %干基重
PTFE分散系    47.6    60.0    67.11
PFA    8.4    60.0    11.84
碳黑分散系    4.2    25.0    2.47
去离子水    4.2    -    -
氧化铝分散系    13.5    50.0    15.86
群青分散系    0.5    52.0    0.61
辛酸铈,表面活化剂溶液    10.5    5.0    -
聚丙烯分散系-
可分解聚合物    10.2    40.0    -
TiO2涂复云母薄片 0.9 - 2.11
100.00
底涂层    组份湿基重    %固形物    %干基重
PTFE分散系    71.5    60.0    99.0
去离子水    2.0    -    -
TiO2涂复云母 0.4 - 1.0
辛酸铈,表面活化剂    12.0    5.0    -
聚丙烯分散系-可分解聚合物    13.4    40.0    -
该AIHAT试验包括一系列使用普通家用金属厨具（叉、刮勺、搅拌器、刀子）的高热烹煮（246-274℃）循环。本发明与先有的市场上的厨具涂复系统相比提供了最好的防止擦伤和刮痕的能力。刮痕系指一种实际上并不使涂层产生实质上的变形的擦伤，它就象确实的擦伤同样可见并在此处加以相同处理。加强了高结构性能的底涂层与加强的中涂层可用于涂复通常的表面涂层，它被认为是可以使用并仍能减少擦伤。
AIHAT过程
过程1-鸡蛋。
A.把整个鸡蛋注于温度为260-274℃的平底锅中心。煎炸3分钟。用金属刮勺掀动。再煎另一面1分钟。再掀动鸡蛋5次。用刀把鸡蛋切成9个相等的小块。记下温度。把蛋移出。（所有用刮勺的掀动以一击完成）
B.使用120cc1B混合物（下面描述）。注入平底锅后用4齿叉搅炒，共作圆周动作60次。保持叉与锅之间的角度为90°。用高压热水把蛋从平底锅中除去。
过程2-汉堡牛肉饼与蕃茄酱。
A.把平底锅热至246-260°。把解冻的1/2汉堡牛肉饼煎3分钟。用金属刮勺掀动。把汉堡牛肉饼置于锅边。用金属叉在涂层表面以“Z”字型运动方式搅动10次，再以反“Z”方向搅动10次。叉的角度为90°。
B、加入180cc蕃茄酱2B（下面描述），用搅拌器搅动并烹调至体积减少至1/3，搅动时运行路线为曲折形，共50次。使用接触式高温计来测量平底锅中心与连接把手的侧壁处之间的中点处的温度。
10次烹煮循环伴随两次洗碗机循环。第一次洗涤在10次烹煮循环中完成，而第二次在10次烹煮循环结束时进行。然后作出评估。
1B.混合物：
470cc水;
2打鸡蛋;
120克盐;
用搅拌器混合。
2B.蕃茄酱：
120克盐;
用水稀释成3.8升制品;
彻底搅匀。
AIHAT试验结果
评价用数字分为10级，10为最佳，以有经验的试验者的判断为基础：
抗刮痕等级
系统A    3-4
系统B    5-6
系统C    7-8
本发明    9

Claims (12)

1、一种炊事用具，具有金属基底，其中涂复有抗刮痕不粘涂复层系统，该涂复层系统由涂复于金属基底上的底涂层，粘附于上述底涂层之上的中涂层与粘附于上述中涂层之上的表面涂层构成，
上述底涂层包括约15至35重量百分比的呈平均直径小于20微米的颗粒状的煅烧氧化铝；重量百分比约为35至70的全氟化碳聚合物，后者包括重量百分比为50至70的聚四氟乙烯与重量百分比为50至30的共聚物，该共聚物从氟化乙烯-丙烯和与四氟乙烯共聚的全氟烷基乙烯基醚中选出；以及重量百分比为约15至30的辅助稳定聚合物，它们选自聚酰胺-酰亚胺、聚苯撑硫与聚醚砜，
上述中涂层包括有重量百分比为10至20的上述氧化铝；重量百分比为90至80的上述全氟化碳聚合物，聚四氟乙烯与上述共聚物的重量百分比为80-90∶20-10，以及
上述表面涂层为聚四氟乙烯。
2、按权利要求1的用具，其中底涂层中的全氟化碳聚合物包括约55-65%的聚四氟乙烯与约45-35%的共聚物。
3、按权利要求2的用具，其中共聚物为氟化乙烯-丙烯。
4、按权利要求3的用具，其中共聚物为全氟烷基乙烯基醚与四氟乙烯的共聚物。
5、按权利要求2的用具，其中底涂层的全氟化碳聚合物包括约60%的聚四氟乙烯与约40%的共聚物。
6、按权利要求1的用具，其中中涂层的全氟化碳聚合物包括约85%的聚四氟乙烯与约15%的上述共聚物。
7、按权利要求6的用具，其中共聚物为氟化乙烯-丙烯。
8、按权利要求6的用具，其中共聚物为全氟烷基乙烯基醚共聚物与四氟乙烯的共聚物。
9、按权利要求1的用具的制造方法，其中底涂层系喷涂而成并在施加中涂层之前加以干燥，整个涂层系统在提高的温度下在涂层系统涂布完工后加以熟化。
10、按权利要求9的方法，其中喷涂在干燥的底涂层上以构成中涂层与表面涂层的组合物为可分解的聚合物与在熟化过程中促进聚合物分解的氧化催化剂。
11、按权利要求9的方法，其中底涂层的干膜厚度（DFT）为约13至22.5μm，而涂复系统的DFT约为32.5至45μm。
12、按权利要求11的方法，其中底涂层的DFT为中涂层的DFT的1.5至2.0倍。
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WO1994005494A1 (en) 1994-03-17
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