CN108738305A - 机织或编织管状金属结构 - Google Patents
机织或编织管状金属结构 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108738305A CN108738305A CN201780007543.8A CN201780007543A CN108738305A CN 108738305 A CN108738305 A CN 108738305A CN 201780007543 A CN201780007543 A CN 201780007543A CN 108738305 A CN108738305 A CN 108738305A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tubular structure
- multifilament
- structure according
- structural detail
- metal wires
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
复丝微线缆代替传统单丝线作为机织或编织带的结构元件。这增强这类带在各种应用,例如矫正外科应用,包括胸骨闭合术中的功能和可制造性。
Description
相关申请交叉引用
本申请要求2016年1月22日提交且标题为WOVEN OR BRAIDED TUBULAR METALCONSTRUCT的美国临时专利申请No.62/286,062的权益,明确地通过引用将其全部公开内容结合到本文中。
背景
1.技术领域
本公开内容涉及机织(woven)或编织(braid)带,特别是配置用于高强度手术缝合应用如胸骨闭合术(sternotomy closure)的机织或编织金属带。
2.相关技术描述
由例如金属或聚合物材料制成的机织或编织中空管有时用于矫正外科应用,例如胸骨闭合术。由于病人移动时切口附近的可能的大运动和可能施加于缝合处随之而来的大的力,该闭合显示出独特的挑战。
为防止为骨的损害,调整这些机织或编织结构以平面铺设(lay flat)在骨上以分散来自轴向张力的压力。其它这类闭合可由材料的扁平带制备,其也降低相邻骨或其它组织上的力,条件是带的扁平表面为接触表面。
需要与前述相比的改进。
概述
本公开内容涉及代替传统单丝线作为机织或编织带的结构元件的复丝微线缆。这增强这类带在各种应用,例如矫正外科应用,包括胸骨闭合术中的功能和可制造性。
在其一个形式中,本公开内容提供复丝管状结构,其包括:机织或编织成管状结构的多个结构元件,所述管状结构在不存在外力下限定内径、外径和轴长,结构元件各自包括具有彼此基本平行延伸的各个纵轴的多根金属丝。
在一个方面中,结构元件为绞合线缆,其中多根金属丝的纵轴各自限定彼此基本平行延伸的螺旋。
在另一方面中,结构元件的多根金属丝包含2-343根丝。
在另一方面中,管状结构的内径为0.010英寸至0.200英寸,和/或管状结构的外径为0.014英寸至0.208英寸。
在另一方面中,多个结构元件包含8-128个结构元件。
在另一方面中,多个结构元件限定在相邻结构元件之间的各个交叉点处的多个结合点(pick),结合点的数目为沿着管状结构的外表面每英寸轴向距离1-50个。
在另一方面中,结构进一步包括在管状结构的末端形成的至少一个摩擦配合配件。在一个实施例中,摩擦配合配件不能通过小于142lbf的分离力从管状结构上移除。
在又一方面中,结构元件的多根金属丝中的至少一个由可吸收金属,例如镁、锌、铁及其合金中的至少一种形成。
在又一方面中,结构元件的多根金属丝中的至少一个由不锈钢和/或超弹性合金如Nitinol,和/或钴基合金,和/或钴-铬合金形成。
附图简述
通过参考以下对本发明实施方案的描述以及附图,本发明的上述以及其它特征和目的以及获得它们的方式变得更加明显且本发明本身更好理解,其中:
图1A为根据本公开内容制备的编织管状结构的正视图;
图1B为图1的一部分的放大正视图,其阐述构成编织管状结构的结构元件的各绞合线缆;
图2为阐述图1A的编织管状结构中所用示例编织模式的示意图;
图3A为根据本公开内容的绞合线(strand wire)的横截面图,其具有构成线的股线(strand)的3根单独丝;
图3B为根据本公开内容的另一绞合线的横截面图,其具有构成线的股线的7根单独丝;
图3C为根据本公开内容的又一绞合线的横截面图,其具有构成线的股线的19根单独丝;
图3D为根据本公开内容的绞合线缆(stranded cable)的横截面图,其具有7套7根单独丝用于构成线缆的总计49根股线;
图3E为根据本公开内容的另一绞合线缆的横截面图,其具有7套19根单独丝用于构成线缆的总计133根股线;
图3F为根据本公开内容的又一绞合线缆的横截面图,其具有7套19根单独丝用于构成线缆的总计133根股线;
图3G为根据本公开内容的又一绞合线缆的横截面图,其具有7×7套7根单独丝用于构成线缆的总计343根股线;
图4为包括根据本公开内容的编织管状结构的胸骨闭合板的透视图;
图5A为沿着图1的线5A-5A取得的图1的编织管状结构的横截面正视图,其以自由状态显示而不施加任何外力;
图5B为图5A的编织管状结构的另一横截面正视图,其阐述在结构弯曲或者围绕表面压缩时的“拉平”变形;和
图6为根据本公开内容制备的编织结构的正视图,其阐述特定结构几何和参数。
在几个图中,相应的附图标记表示相应部件。尽管本文所述示例阐述了本发明的实施方案,下文公开的实施方案不意欲为详尽的或者不理解为本发明的范围限于所述确切形式。
详述
引言
本公开内容提供图1所示编织或机织管状结构10,其中各个结构元件12为由多根绞合股线(twisted strand)14(图2)组成的绞合线缆。如下文中进一步详细描述,该多股线(multi-strand)组分12在结构10中的使用提供光滑质地或“手感”,这促进结构10在矫正外科和其它医学应用中的使用,当结构10平面铺设时提供与相邻骨或组织的大表面积接触,并且容许在结构10末端的高强度卷曲连接。
在一个示例实施方案中,例如,多股线编织带10由具有0.0075英寸的总外径的大量多股线组分线缆12制备。该设计可与设计与具有直径为0.0051英寸的单独丝的现有单丝组分编织物一起使用的现有工具和矫正外科器件相容,使得带10可与工业标准矫正外科器件和连接器的生态系统一起使用。然而,带10可使用48根绞合线缆12,每根绞合线缆12具有7根丝用于总计224根单独整体股线14,而不是使用48根单丝线用于完成的机织结构。发现丝数目的这一提高以及附带的各单独股线14的直径降低提供显著的性能优点,如下文进一步描述的。
术语
如本文所用,“丝”或“丝产品”包括可连续生产并缠绕到线轴上用于稍后分配和使用的连续丝和丝产物,例如具有圆横截面的丝和具有非圆横截面的丝,包括扁丝或丝带。“丝”或“丝产品”还包括其它丝基产品,例如股线、线缆、线圈和管,取决于特定应用,其可以以特定长度生产。在一些示例实施方案中,根据本公开内容的丝或丝产品可具有达2.5mm的直径。
“Nitinol”(Nitinol)为形状记忆合金的商品名,其包含约50原子%镍和余量钛,也称为NiTi,在医学器件工业中常用于高弹性移植物。一种示例的NiTi材料描述于2009年9月18日提交且标题为“Fatigue Damage Resistant Wire and Method of ProductionThereof”的美国专利No.8,840,735中,明确地通过引用将其全部公开内容结合到本文中。
“杂质”、“偶发杂质”和“痕量杂质”为以小于500份每百万份或者0.05重量%存在于材料中的材料组分。
为Fort Wayne Metals Research Products Corp.,Fort Wayne,IN的注册商标,指双金属或多金属复合丝产品,其包含两个或更多个金属或合金的同心层,置于芯丝上的通常至少一个外层,所述外层通过将管或多个管层在固体金属丝芯元件上拉引而形成。DFT材料的结构和加工描述于2011年6月24日提交且标题为“Biodegradable CompositeWire for Medical Devices”的美国专利申请公开No.2011/0319978中,明确地通过引用将其全部公开内容结合到本文中。
如本文所用,“疲劳强度”指材料满足或者超过给定数目的负载循环至失效时的载荷水平。此处,载荷水平作为交替应变给出,如用于位移或应变控制疲劳试验的标准,由此术语与通过引用将其全部内容结合到本文中的ASTM E606中给出的那些相符。
编织物结构和特性
图1A所示编织管状结构10包括大量结构元件12,所述结构元件合作形成限定外径DO和内径DI和纵轴A的基本管状结构。特别是,各个元件12在生产期间围绕心轴(未显示)缠绕以形成螺旋,并且各个结构元件12彼此相互机织或编织使得形成纵横交错的螺旋的规则重叠模式以产生最终管状结构10。在许多应用中,结构10为在轴向(即结构的轴长可通过沿着纵轴A施加的力“拉伸”或“压缩”)和径向(即纵轴A可“弯曲”成圆或非直线形式)上的固有挠性结构。就本公开内容而言,在结构10为“自由状态”时,测量结构10的直径DO、直径DI和轴长,其中不施加外力且结构10的总体形状和尺寸由其编织物或机织物形式、其结构元件12的材料和任何加工如热处理(下文进一步描述)决定。
图1B阐述各个元件12包括彼此平行延伸的大量单独丝或股线14。就本公开内容而言,“丝”为单一或整体纤维,同时“股线”可以为整体纤维或一束这类纤维。除本文中另外描述的外,“股线”指整体纤维(即丝)。
例如,图1B阐述了作为直丝的股线14,其具有与给定元件12的相邻股线14平行的纵轴。在另一示例实施方案中,元件12作为多股线(即复丝)线缆形成,其包括相互扭结的多根(即至少2根)股线14。在该绞合线缆设计中,各个元件12的各股线14形成与相邻股线的螺旋基本平行延伸的螺旋,使得给定元件12中各股线14的纵轴相互平行延伸。
两个元件12之间的各个连接在本文中称为结合点16,使得编织模式的“紧固性”可表示为单位轴长的结合点16数目。管状结构10的编织模式的一个示例实施方案阐述于图2中。如所示,各个元件12包括2个直的平行股线14。对于结构10的整个程度,编织模式的各个元件12穿过两个相邻元件,然后在两个相邻元件下重复该模式。纵轴A以与元件12(和股线14)的纵横交错的纵轴成45度角说明,沿着结构10的所述轴向部分说明7个结合点16。根据特定应用的要求或需要,也可使用其它编织模式。合适编织模式的实例包括全、菱形和半模式。在一个示例实施方案中,可使用任何可机器编织的模式以产生用于结构10的编织材料的高生产量。
编织或机织结构可根据所需应用的要求或需要改变。在一个示例实施方案中,使用至少8个离散的结构元件12产生结构10,尽管可使用少至4个结构元件12。可使用多至64或128个结构元件12,或者根据需要,4-128的任何数目。一般而言,与具有较少元件12的“疏松”或“稀疏”编织物相比,大量元件12促进“更密的”编织物,即每英寸具有相对更多结合点16的编织物。在一个示例实施方案中,结合点16可以少至每英寸1个以及多至每英寸50个。相对小的结合点16密度贡献于光滑的感觉或“手感”,而较高的结合点16密度稍微更粗粝。
图3A-3G显示用于形成结构10的元件12的股线14的各个其它横截面结构。就本公开内容而言,图3A-3G以相对于彼此的正常比例画出,使得元件12A-12G的有效外径DC都是基本相同的。如通过图3A-3G的对比所述,当元件12A-12G中所用股线14的数目增长时,各股线14的直径变得更小。尽管图3A-3G阐述了多股线元件12的几个示例结构,也可根据特定应用的要求或需要,使用预期符合钢丝绳结构的原理的其它结构。一般而言,对于元件12的给定直径DC,较高的股线14数目赋予结构10提高的挠性和“柔软度”或手感。
在一个示例实施方案中,为结构10定尺寸和构造以用作外科手术中的缝合线或其它捆绑组件。在一个特定的示例实施方案中,结构10可用作用于胸骨闭合系统的闭合线缆,例如与胸骨闭合板20(图4)一起,如下文进一步讨论的。
例如,构造用于该医学闭合应用中的结构10可具有通过围绕其编织结构10的心轴的外径测定的0.010英寸至0.200英寸的内径DI(图1)。外径DO由结构元件12的直径DC得到,即DO=DI+2(DC)。对于0.014英寸至0.208英寸的外径DO范围,元件12的直径DC可以为0.002英寸至0.004英寸。
此外,结构10的最终编织物的总尺寸也可受用于元件12的股线14的特定材料影响。如下文进一步讨论的,多种金属材料可用于本公开内容的范围内。
在矫正外科和其它应用方面,与使用单丝组分的机织或编织结构相比,结构10赋予大量优点。例如,与可对比的单丝相比,使用多根股线14的结构元件12具有提高的挠性,且单独股线14可彼此围绕重排以“自调节”并在拉伸时铺平。这避免或减轻相邻表面,例如胸骨或组织中的摩擦或切割,并提供更好的载荷分布以促进骨内的血液流动。
与单丝编织物或机织物相比,包括复丝结构元件12的结构10还呈现更光滑的总体涂饰层和感觉或者如上所述“手感”。同时,元件12可平铺并基本平行以限定有纹理且一致的表面,其可形成对压模配件(swaged fitting)和其它摩擦配合配件如用于环扎术应用中的卷曲22(图4),或者用于一些缝合应用中的端塞的有效锚定。由于该表面纹理可不经单独元件12扭结或者变形而实现,该锚定能力不带来装置总轴向强度的亏损,如以下实施例中所证明的。
结构10的中空管状结构为与定向无关的,即当围绕相邻边缘或表面(例如骨)缠绕时可预期它平铺(图5B)而不管它的旋转取向。该定向无关性和与定向相关的其它形式如丝带或其它扁平结构(例如丝带的“尖锐边缘”必须不接触骨)相反。
可配置结构10的编织或机织结构以在置于轴向张力下时降低直径。该降低容许结构10通过已经广泛可与非管状编织材料(例如复丝线缆或“钢丝绳”)一起使用的类型的标准压接装置,同时还提供本发明复丝设计的优点。此外,本发明复丝设计与常用的手术仪器,例如胸骨闭合术仪器相容。
编织物和股线材料和加工
如上文所述,结构元件12由金属股线14制备。就医学器件而言,任何生物相容或可植入金属都是用于股线14的合适候选物,包括:不锈钢,例如316LVM和2205;钴基和钴-铬合金,包括MP35N、35N LT和L605;超弹性合金,包括Nitinol(NiTi)、NiTi三元和四元合金,和钛β合金;钛合金;和生物可吸收金属,包括镁、锌、铁及其合金。任何这些金属可形成整体丝或复合丝材料,例如DFT(上述)和涂覆丝材料。
在生产中,首先通过传统方法,例如如上所述扭结或钢丝绳形成方法将股线14成型成单独的复丝结构元件12。然后使用传统编织技术和设备将结构元件12围绕心轴螺旋成型。此时,可应用热处理以将元件12“固定”或成型成所需螺旋编织形式,使得在除去心轴以后保持内径DI。该定型方法可赋予最终结构10多种直线和/或曲线结构中的任一种。
例如,多直径结构可以以一个或多个具有在一些轴向位置上比其它轴向位置更大的外径DI和DO的球状区形成。在一个实施方案中,该结构10可以以正弦外轮廓的方式以该球状区定期循环形成,其可用于一些应用中增强的组织接触。
进一步热应力缓和可根据特定应用的要求或需要应用。结构10的最终材料可完全退火成“柔软”、易延展且柔韧的,或者可热处理以保持相对较刚性且较小韧性的弹簧韧度。
在一个示例实施方案中,使结构10在300℃至2100℃的温度下经受热处理1-1000秒。具体时间/温度组合取决于材料和所需的结果,并且可根据需要在上述范围内改变以满足应用的要求。加工气氛也应当适于处理特定合金,并且可包括空气、氢气、氩气、氦气或其混合物。
应用
如上文指出以及图4中显示的,结构10的示例应用与胸骨闭合板20联合。在所述实施方案中,板20可在切口两侧通过骨螺钉24固定在病人的胸骨上,并通过将结构10围绕板20和切口两侧上胸骨的相邻部缠绕而进一步固定以形成环扎。如所述,卷曲(crimp)22可用于固定结构10的末端以将环闭合。有利地,在该上下文中,结构10的使用通过使拉平和自调节结构元件12(图5B)与相邻骨或组织表面之间的接触最大化而使相邻骨上的应力最小化。
结构10的其它应用包括肌肉骨骼固定,例如髋骨或长骨中骨折的固定。结构10还可用于韧带修补和缝合或者其它软或硬组织手术固定或闭合器件。
另外的其它可行应用包括起搏导线,其在一些情况下可能需要做成急弯并经得起解剖结构。肾脏神经切除术为另一应用,其中可将结构10选择性地轴向拉伸至较小的外径DO并轴向压缩至较大的直径DO以容许输送通过导尿管和一旦进入肾动脉中的可控膨胀。
另外,结构10可用作设计用于在体腔(脉管、胃肠道、肾、呼吸器官或其它)中使用的支架结构。特别是,一些支架用于要求相对低径向力且高变形容忍性、顺应性和疲劳寿命理想的装置中。结构10提供了该特征组合,因此可适于支架应用。
另一应用包括用于软机器人组件的载体结构,例如McKibben肌肉,其中结构10可通过气动或水力压力由内膨胀以实现较大的外径(例如图1A中的直径Do)和所得轴向收缩。在一些实施方案中,该软机器人应用输出的进一步调整可通过在结构10的带元件12内结合热响应形状记忆合金丝,例如由Nitinol或β钛,由此容许改变材料温度变化的刚度响应而实现。在又其它实施方案中,这类温度敏感元件12可结合到流体压力响应结构中以通过流体压力和温度的组合影响而使复杂的多轴运动成为可能。在又其它实施方案中,结构10可用整体聚合物或金属纤维或者用复合结构如聚合物绝缘导电元件构建,以借助分离的导电通道给与结构10结合或连接的功率传感器或其它电设备提供电功能。
另外的其它非医学应用包括结构10用作张紧系带或者运动设备,例如滑雪靴、关节矫正器、头盔、冰鞋和手套的捆绑元件,其中元件的拉平提供均匀的力分布和随着张力失去的降低滑动或变松倾向。该系带或绑带可用结构10构造,其中股线元件12为能够进行能量耗散的形状记忆合金,例如Nitinol。在该应用中,系带或捆绑元件用于提供保持力,同时还耗散来自例如由对通过结构10保持在使用者上的靴子、矫正器、头盔和其它结构的冲击产生的突然力应用的能。这样,结构10可用于耗散应用于器件使用者的能,由此保护以防伤害。
实施例
以下非限定性实施例阐述了本发明的各个特征和特性,其不构成对本发明特征和特性的限制。
在这些实施例中,生产、测试并表征根据本公开内容的示例编织中空金属带,特别是表面结构特性、卷曲附着强度和在胸骨切开缝合应用方面的总功能。
实施例1
根据本公开内容的使用复丝结构元件12的编织结构10由如本文所述的组分绞合线缆制备。316LVM不锈钢用于所有股线14,如图3B所示,其各自为“1×7”构型。对于0.0075英寸的总组分直径DC,各股线14具有0.0025英寸的直径。使用总计32个元件12制备在用总计224根股线14形式的各个整体丝编织以后具有0.108英寸的外径DO的编织结构。
将卷曲22固定在最终结构10的末端,并使卷曲结构经受张力试验。“断裂载荷”,即移去一个或两个卷曲22所需的张力的量为约142lbf至约210lbf。表1阐述了该实施例的张力试验结果。
表1、编织结构的张力试验结果
丝材料的特性和用于上述试验的编织结构10的构造显示于下表2以及图6中,图6包括表2中所用一些变量的图形表示。
表2、丝材料和编织结构的构造
实施例2
制备使用单丝结构元件的编织结构作为对照组。316LVM不锈钢再次用于所有单丝元件。各个元件具有0.0051英寸的直径。使用总计48个单丝元件制备在编织以后具有0.0984英寸的外径DO的编织结构。
将卷曲22固定在最终单丝对照结构的末端,并使卷曲结构经受张力试验。“断裂载荷”,即移去一个或两个卷曲22所需的张力的量为约25lbf至约52lbf,这都比实施例1中观察到的断裂载荷弱。表3阐述了该实施例的张力试验结果。
表3、编织结构的张力试验结果
如以上实施例中所示,在末端卷曲的断裂载荷中,根据本公开内容制备的结构基本胜过对比单丝设计。
尽管本发明被描述为具有示例设计,本发明可在该公开内容的精神和范围内进一步改变。因此,本申请意欲涵盖使用其一般原理的本发明的任何变化、用途或调整。另外,本申请意欲涵盖属于本发明涉及的领域中的已知或常规实践且落入所附权利要求书限度内的自本公开内容的这类偏离。
Claims (15)
1.复丝管状结构,其包含:
机织或编织成管状结构的多个结构元件,所述管状结构在不存在外力下限定内径、外径和轴长,所述结构元件各自包含:
具有彼此基本平行延伸的各自的纵轴的多根金属丝。
2.根据权利要求1的复丝管状结构,其中所述结构元件为绞合线缆,其中多根金属丝的纵轴各自限定彼此基本平行延伸的螺旋。
3.根据权利要求1的复丝管状结构,其中所述结构元件的多根金属丝包含2-343根丝。
4.根据权利要求1的复丝管状结构,其中所述管状结构的内径为0.010英寸至0.200英寸。
5.根据权利要求4的复丝管状结构,其中所述管状结构的外径为0.014英寸至0.208英寸。
6.根据权利要求1的复丝管状结构,其中所述多个结构元件包含8-128个结构元件。
7.根据权利要求1的复丝管状结构,其中所述多个结构元件限定在相邻结构元件之间的各个交叉点处的多个结合点,所述结合点的数目为沿着管状结构的外表面每英寸轴向距离1-50个。
8.根据权利要求1的复丝管状结构,其进一步包含在管状结构末端形成的至少一个摩擦配合配件。
9.根据权利要求8的复丝管状结构,其中所述摩擦配合配件不能通过小于142lbf的分离力从管状结构上移除。
10.根据权利要求1的复丝管状结构,其中所述结构元件的多根金属丝中的至少一根由可吸收金属形成。
11.根据权利要求10的复丝管状结构,其中所述可吸收金属包含镁、锌、铁及其合金中的至少一种。
12.根据权利要求1的复丝管状结构,其中所述结构元件的多根金属丝中的至少一根由不锈钢形成。
13.根据权利要求1的复丝管状结构,其中所述结构元件的多根金属丝中的至少一根由超弹性合金形成。
14.根据权利要求13的复丝管状结构,其中所述超弹性合金包含Nitinol。
15.根据权利要求1的复丝管状结构,其中所述结构元件的多根金属丝中的至少一根由钴基或钴-铬合金形成。
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