CN1087058C - 内燃机燃料喷射器配量阀固定和密封装置 - Google Patents

内燃机燃料喷射器配量阀固定和密封装置 Download PDF

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CN1087058C
CN1087058C CN98126163A CN98126163A CN1087058C CN 1087058 C CN1087058 C CN 1087058C CN 98126163 A CN98126163 A CN 98126163A CN 98126163 A CN98126163 A CN 98126163A CN 1087058 C CN1087058 C CN 1087058C
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valve body
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马里奥·里科
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/14—Arrangements of injectors with respect to engines; Mounting of injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/168—Assembling; Disassembling; Manufacturing; Adjusting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0033—Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat
    • F02M63/0036—Lift valves, i.e. having a valve member that moves perpendicularly to the plane of the valve seat with spherical or partly spherical shaped valve member ends
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2547/00—Special features for fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M2547/003—Valve inserts containing control chamber and valve piston

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于内燃机燃料喷射器的配量阀的固定和密封装置，其中，喷射器包括带有喷嘴的壳体和配量阀，配量阀的阀体装在所述壳体的座上，所述阀体的环形腔用以将高压燃料分配至阀的控制腔中；座与壳体的轴向腔相通，控制杆在轴向腔中滑动，且轴向腔处于大气压力下；阀体通过螺母与壳体相连接；阀体包括带有截锥形外表面的部分；座包括带有截锥形内表面的部分；这两个截锥形表面具有相同的锥度，并通过所述的螺母相互流体密封接合。

Description

内燃机燃料喷射器配量阀固定和密封装置
本发明涉及一种用于内燃机燃料喷射器配量阀的固定和密封装置。
现有的喷射器通常包括一个带有喷嘴的壳体和一个处于大气压的轴向腔室，一个杆可在该腔室中滑动以控制喷嘴。该杆由一配量阀通过液压加以控制，所述的配量阀包括一个阀体，阀体上设有一个注有压力燃料的控制腔，此控制腔中的压力燃料可被排入到出油腔中。阀体通常为柱形，其上带有一个法兰，该法兰通过用于固定阀体的螺母与壳体相接合。
在现有的喷射器，阀体具有一个环形腔，以便将燃料分配到控制腔中，因此该环形腔也处于较高的压力，这样，阀体与壳体之间必须设有密封装置，该密封装置一侧是环形压力腔，而另一侧是处于大气压的轴向腔和出油腔。
为此，阀体的法兰通常是抵压在壳体的台肩上的，在阀体的筒形壁和壳体座之间至少应有一个密封环，该环一般靠在壳体座的台肩上。为保证密封效果，密封环的尺寸应使其紧压在阀体的表面上，出于技术上的原因，其与壳体座有5至35微米的径向间隙。
在喷射器工作期间，分配腔内约为1350巴的高燃料压力向阀体和阀座之间间隙内推动即挤压密封环，从而导致环伸出和密封环磨损。进而使较高压力的燃料通过伸出的环泄漏的增加，致使压力差降低，并产生磨擦热，这将进一步降低密封阻力，它会引起密封环的磨损，使之不得不经常更换。
本发明的目的是提供一种用于上述喷射器的配量阀的固定和密封装置，其安装简单，使用寿命长，且避免了现有装置中常有的上述缺点。
根据本发明的用于内燃机燃料喷射器配量阀的固定和密封装置，在该装置中，喷射器包括带有喷嘴的壳体和配量阀，该配量阀具有阀体，该阀体装在所述壳体的座上，所述的阀体带有与所述壳体上的螺母相接合的平表面，其特征在于：所述的阀体包括带有截锥形外表面的部分；所述的座包括带有截锥形内表面的部分；这两个截锥形表面具有相同的锥度，并通过所述的螺母相互流体密封接合。
下面将参照附图，描述本发明的一个最佳、但非限制性的实施例。
图1是本发明燃料喷射器的密封装置的部分剖示图；
图2是图1的局部放大图。
在图1中，标号11表示整个燃料喷射器(如用于内燃机中)，该喷射器11包括一个空心壳体12，壳体12端部支承一个喷嘴(图中未示)，喷嘴的底部带有一个或多个喷射孔。壳体12包括一个轴向腔室13，与关闭喷射孔的销相连的控制杆10在该腔室13内滑动。
壳体12还包括一个辅助管15，该管插入有与普通燃料泵相连的进油接头16，该燃料泵以很高的压力(如1350巴)供给燃料。辅助管15包括一个将接头16与喷嘴的喷射腔相通的导管17。壳体12还包括一个大致为柱形、其内部带有螺纹19的腔室18，和一个由台肩23与腔室18相分离的阀座21。
喷射器11还包括一个配量阀24，该阀装在阀座21中，电磁铁(图中未示)的衔铁杆25控制该配量阀。配量阀24包括一个阀体26，其上带有法兰29，该法兰具有一个平的上表面28，并与一个拧紧在腔体18的螺纹19上的外螺纹螺母31配合。
螺母31和衔铁杆25间的间隙构成阀24的出油腔32，该腔32按已知的方式与出油接头33相连，该出油接头33与油箱相连，这样，腔32中的燃料基本处于大气压力。壳体12的轴向腔室13也通过壳体12内的出油管34与出油接头33相通，从而使腔13也处于大气压力。
阀体26包括一个轴向孔36，该轴向孔限定了用于杆14的顶部37的一个导向座；轴向控制腔38与孔36相通；且一个环形槽39经形成控制腔38进油管的标定管41与孔36的端部相通。壳体12另包括一个导管42，其将接头16连接到环槽39上，这样，环槽39可以作为一个积蓄和分配腔，以便将管42中的燃料分配到控制腔38中，因此，该控制腔中一般为压力燃料。
控制腔38包括一个标定出油管44，该出油管与出油腔32相通；杆14顶部37的端部带有一个辅助管46，用以在不关闭进油管41的情况下阻断孔36与腔室38之间的连通，并且为防止燃料从控制腔38流入轴向腔室13中，杆14的部分37设有两个密封环47。
作用在腔室38内和孔36端部的燃料压力，使杆14保持在向下关闭喷射器11喷嘴的位置上；且控制腔38的出油管44通常由一个球形的节流阀48关闭，该球形阀抵靠在由靠近管44的表面所限定的锥形阀座50上(见图2)，作用在衔铁杆25的法兰51上的导向板49导向该球阀。
由于积蓄和分配腔39内通常为高压燃料，而腔室13和出油腔32中的燃料则处于大气压力，因此，必须采用一个有效的密封装置将腔室13和32与腔室39的液体隔开。
根据本发明，为密封喷射器11内的配量阀24，即将一侧处于高压的腔室39与另一侧处于大气压力的腔室13及出油腔之间密封起来，阀体26包括一个具有截锥形的外表面53的部分52(见图2)，而阀座21则包括一个具有截锥形的内表面56的部分54。截锥形表面53和56的锥度相同，且其通过螺母31相互接合，即它们彼此接触，使流体无法通过(参见图1)。很明显将螺母31拧紧到腔室18的螺纹19上，不会使法兰29与台肩23相接触。
具体来说，部分52位于腔室39中，其限定了一个位于腔室39之上的上部57和位于腔室39下方的部分58(见图2)，以分别在腔室39与出油腔32之间和腔室39与轴向腔13之间形成密封。带有截锥形表面53的部分52位于法兰29和阀体26上的一个基本为柱形的部分59(与部分52同轴)之间。
阀体26由非常硬的、精密加工的钢材制成；壳体12由经精密加工、但延展性要好一些的钢材；阀体26最好选用布氏硬度为145-175公斤/毫米2的钢材，壳体12的硬度为100-125公斤/毫米2。
截锥形表面53和56的锥度是阀体26和壳体12所用材料的塑性的函数，而且必须能够使阀体26拆下。若使用了上述的材料，截锥形表面53和56的锥度角α在10-15度的范围内。
部分59最好具有一个较小的倒角，以便安装阀体时便于插入阀座21内部，并且在拆卸时便于其取出；同时为确保杆14被沿直线导向，部分59的长度是部分52长度的1至2倍。
配量阀24与喷射器11是这样连接的(如图1所示)：将阀24的阀体26插入到壳体12的阀座21中，杆14插入孔36，然后把螺母31拧到螺纹19上使阀体26的截锥形表面53抵压在阀座21的截锥形表面56上。
下面将简要描述喷射器11的工作过程。
当电磁铁励磁后，衔铁杆25上行，控制腔38内的压力打开配量阀24，这样杆14上行，打开喷射器11的喷嘴；并且控制腔38中的燃料经腔室32和接头33排出到油箱中。
当电磁铁退磁以后，弹簧(图中未示)使衔铁杆25下落，并推动球阀48压在锥形座50上(见图2)，以关闭阀24；此时控制腔38内的燃料压力迅速增加，使杆14下落，从而关闭喷射器11的喷嘴。
与现有的装置相比，本发明固定和密封装置的优点从以上描述中即可看出。特别是，本发明无须弹性材料密封来密封阀体26，从而不必定期拆开阀体更换密封件。
显然，在不脱离其后所附的权利要求的范围内，上述的控制装置可以有多种变化。例如，进油管41可以设于腔室38中并位于孔36的对面，且阀体26的柱形部分59可以省略。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于内燃机燃料喷射器(11)的配量阀(24)的固定和密封装置，其中，喷射器(11)包括带有喷嘴的壳体(12)和配量阀(24)，该配量阀(24)具有阀体(26)，该阀体(26)装在所述壳体(12)的座(21)之上，所述的阀体(26)带有与所述壳体(12)上的螺母(31)相接合的平表面(28)，其特征在于：所述的阀体(26)包括带有截锥形外表面(53)的部分(52)；所述的座(21)包括带有截锥形内表面(56)的部分(54)；这两个截锥形表面具有相同的锥度，并通过所述的螺母(31)相互流体密封接合。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：所述的平表面设于所述阀体(26)的一个法兰上；所述的阀体(26)是由布氏硬度为145-175公斤/毫米2的钢材制成，壳体(12)的硬度为100-125公斤/毫米2。
3.如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于：所述锥度的顶角角度α为10-15度。
4.如上述权利要求中的任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于：阀体(26)包括一个用于喷射器(11)控制杆(14)导向的导向座(36)，和一个与所述的导向座(36)同轴的控制腔(38)；所述的控制腔(38)中有一个进油管(41)，以使高压燃料作用在所述的控制杆(14)上，并经出油管(44)与出油腔(32)相通；所述的进油管(41)在所述阀体(26)的环形腔(39)处相对于所述的导向座(36)径向延伸，以积蓄和分配所述的高压燃料；所述的环形腔(39)设于阀体(26)的所述部分(52)上，从而将其对应的截锥形表面(53)分为两个区域(57，58)；这两区域(57，58)中的一个在环形腔(39)和出油腔(32)之间密封，另一个则在环形腔(39)和壳体(12)的轴向腔室(13)之间密封。
5.如权利要求4所述的装置，其特征在于：所述的阀体(26)还包括另一个部分(59)，该部分上带有一个基本为柱形的表面，该表面与所述的导向座(36)同轴。
6.如权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于，所述另一部分(59)的长度是带有截锥形表面(53)的阀体(26)的部分(52)的长度的1至2倍。
CN98126163A 1997-11-18 1998-11-18 内燃机燃料喷射器配量阀固定和密封装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1087058C (zh)

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ITTO97A001008 1997-11-18
IT97TO001008A IT1296145B1 (it) 1997-11-18 1997-11-18 Dispositivo di fissaggio e tenuta di una valvola di dosaggio in un iniettore di combustibile per motori a combustione interna.

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IT1296145B1 (it) * 1997-11-18 1999-06-09 Elasis Sistema Ricerca Fiat Dispositivo di fissaggio e tenuta di una valvola di dosaggio in un iniettore di combustibile per motori a combustione interna.
DE19937677C2 (de) * 1999-08-10 2003-06-26 Siemens Ag Einspritzventil mit verbesserter Dichtflächenanordnung
JP3557554B2 (ja) * 2001-07-16 2004-08-25 株式会社ボッシュオートモーティブシステム 燃料噴射弁におけるノズルニードルの制御構造
DE602004003928T2 (de) 2004-06-30 2007-10-18 C.R.F. S.C.P.A. Einspritzventil für Verbrennungskraftmaschine
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EP0916841B1 (en) 2009-02-11
JPH11218063A (ja) 1999-08-10
IT1296145B1 (it) 1999-06-09
RU2219365C2 (ru) 2003-12-20
ES2319829T3 (es) 2009-05-12
EP0916841A1 (en) 1999-05-19
ITTO971008A1 (it) 1999-05-18
US6039031A (en) 2000-03-21
CN1222641A (zh) 1999-07-14
DE69840537D1 (de) 2009-03-26
ITTO971008A0 (it) 1997-11-18
KR19990045381A (ko) 1999-06-25

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