CN108701986B - 降低无变压器整流器不间断电源系统中的涌流的方法 - Google Patents

降低无变压器整流器不间断电源系统中的涌流的方法 Download PDF

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CN108701986B
CN108701986B CN201780012560.0A CN201780012560A CN108701986B CN 108701986 B CN108701986 B CN 108701986B CN 201780012560 A CN201780012560 A CN 201780012560A CN 108701986 B CN108701986 B CN 108701986B
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CN108701986A (zh
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查尔斯·F·布莱尔
特里·D·布什
陈贤
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/125—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for rectifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/001—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection limiting speed of change of electric quantities, e.g. soft switching on or off
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36—Means for starting or stopping converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

一种方法，其减少了当UPS系统的输入断路器(102)从打开位置被闭合时的无变压器整流器UPS系统中的涌流。断路器耦接在AC电力输入(130)与UPS系统的整流器的AC输入(104)之间，并且整流器的DC输出(108)耦接至UPS系统的DC总线(110)。在断路器闭合之前，DC总线充电至具有等于UPS系统的AC输入电力的线‑线AC电压的峰值AC电压电平的电平的DC电压。整流器作为逆变器操作以提供整流器的AC输入处的AC输出电压，该AC输出电压等于AC电力输入处的AC电压，并且当相等时，断路器闭合。

Description

降低无变压器整流器不间断电源系统中的涌流的方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2017年1月23日提交的美国发明专利申请第15/412,476号的优先权，并且还要求于2016年2月23日提交的美国临时申请第62/298,490号的权益。上述申请的全部公开内容通过引用被并入本文。
技术领域
本公开内容涉及降低在具有无变压器整流器的UPS系统的启动期间的涌流。
背景技术
本部分提供与本公开内容有关的背景信息，该背景信息不一定是现有技术。
一种常见类型的不间断电源(UPS)系统是双变换UPS系统，其具有将AC输入电力变换成DC电力的整流器，该DC电力经由DC总线被提供给将DC电力变换回AC电力的逆变器。断路器被耦接在AC电力输入和整流器的输入之间。AC电力输入被耦接至AC电力源(例如，来自公共设施的电力馈送)。LC输入电路被耦接在整流器的AC输入与断路器之间，并且熔断器通常被耦接在断路器与LC电路之间。在这方面，如果UPS系统是三相系统，则整流器具有三个AC输入，并且断路器具有三个极点，并且相应的LC输入电路被耦接在断路器的各个极与整流器的相应的一个AC输入之间。一种类型的双变换UPS系统不具有耦接在整流器的AC输入与AC电力输入之间的输入变压器，并且在本文中被称为无变压器整流器UPS系统。应当理解的是，这样的无变压器整流器UPS系统可以具有耦接在逆变器的输出与UPS系统的输出之间的变压器，或者可以不具有耦接在逆变器的输出与UPS系统的输出之间的变压器。
在无变压器整流器UPS系统中，当断路器闭合时，大涌流从AC电力源流动至LC输入电路的电容器。这通常需要针对电路/熔断器设计的额外考虑和设计成本以解决这些大涌流的影响。
发明内容
本部分提供了对本公开内容的总体概述，而不是其全部范围或其所有特征的全面公开。
根据本公开内容的一个方面，一种方法减少了当UPS系统的输入断路器从打开位置切换到闭合位置时的无变压器整流器UPS系统中的涌流。在UPS系统中，断路器被耦接在AC电力输入和UPS系统的整流器的AC输入之间，整流器的DC输出被耦接至UPS系统的DC总线，并且逆变器的输入被耦接至DC总线。减小涌流的方法包括：在断路器从打开位置切换到闭合位置之前，将DC总线充电至具有下述DC电压电平的DC电压：所述DC电压电平等于至UPS系统的AC输入电力的线-线AC电压的峰值AC电压电平。然后，该方法将整流器作为逆变器操作以在整流器的AC输入处提供AC输出电压，将该AC输出电压调节成等于AC电力输入处的AC电压，并且当整流器的AC输入处的AC电压等于AC电力输入的AC电压时，闭合该断路器。
在一个方面中，该方法包括操作UPS系统的耦接在DC总线与AC电力输入之间的预充电电路，以将DC总线充电至DC电压电平。在一个方面中，操作预充电电路以对DC总线进行充电包括：闭合预充电电路的受控开关以将预充电电路的整流器耦接至AC电力输入，并且控制预充电电路的整流器以在耦接至DC总线的整流器的DC输出处提供具有等于AC输入电力的线-线AC电压的AC电压电平的DC电压电平的DC电压，。
根据本文所提供的描述，其他适用领域将变得明显。本发明内容中的描述和具体示例仅旨在用于说明的目的，而不旨在限制本公开内容的范围。
附图说明
本文中所描述的附图仅用于所选实施方式而不是所有可行的实现方式的说明目的，并且不意在限制本公开内容的范围。
图1是根据本公开内容的一个方面的无变压器整流器UPS系统的电路拓扑的简化框图；
图2是根据本公开内容的一方面的用于控制图1的UPS系统以降低涌流的控制例程的流程图；以及
图3是作为三相UPS系统的图1的UPS系统的一部分的电路拓扑的简化示意图。
贯穿附图的若干视图，相应的附图标记表示相应的部分。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图更全面地描述示例性实施方式。
图1示出无变压器整流器UPS系统100的简化框图。UPS系统100包括耦接在AC电力输入101(其耦接至AC电力源(例如，来自公共设施的电力馈送))与整流器106的AC输入104之间的断路器102。断路器102的输入侧103耦接至AC电力输入101，并且断路器102的输出侧105耦接至整流器106的AC输入104。整流器106的DC输出108耦接至DC总线110。DC总线110耦接至电池112并且耦接至逆变器116的输入114。逆变器116的输出118提供耦接至负载的UPS系统100的输出119。静态旁路开关120耦接在整流器106的AC输入104与逆变器116的输出118之间。UPS系统100还包括控制UPS系统100的各种部件的控制器122，上述UPS系统100的各种部件包括整流器106、逆变器116、静态旁路开关120和断路器102(其也可以手动打开和关闭)。控制输入124和控制输出126耦接至UPS系统100的这些部件，并且还耦接至UPS系统100的传感器，UPS系统100的传感器包括分别耦接至AC电力输入101和整流器106的输入104的AC电压传感器130、132。
根据本公开内容的一个方面，UPS系统100包括DC总线预充电电路134。预充电电路134包括串联耦接在DC总线110与AC电力输入101之间的受控开关136(通过示例而非限制的方式的接触器)和整流器138，其中，当预充电电路134工作时，从整流器138的输出140向DC总线110提供DC。受控开关136和整流器138由控制器122控制，并且控制器122的控制输入和输出耦接至这些部件。
在操作中，在断路器102闭合之前UPS系统100的启动期间，DC总线110被预充电至DC电压电平，其等于线-线AC输入电压(line-line ACinput voltage)的峰值AC电压电平。例如，当UPS系统100是具有3相AC输入电力的三相UPS系统时，线-线AC输入电压是跨三相中的两相的AC电压。图3是作为三相UPS系统的UPS系统100的示例的电路拓扑的简化示意图，其示出了包括AC电力输入101、断路器102、整流器106、DC总线110和预充电电路134的UPS系统100的一部分。
然后，整流器106被接通，由控制器122操作以将整流器106作为逆变器运行，以使DC总线110上的DC在整流器106的AC输入104处变换为AC，该AC也在断路器102的输出侧105处。整流器106的AC输入104处的AC电压被调节成使得其等于AC电力输入101处的AC电压，其结果是开路的断路器102的两端的AC电压差为零。当整流器106的AC输入104处的AC电压与AC电力输入101处的AC电压相等时，断路器102示例性地通过控制器122闭合。应当理解的是，在这种情况下电压相等是指在典型的公差范围(例如，+/-3％)内相等，并且在这种情况下开路的断路器的两端的电压差为零是指在典型的公差范围(例如，标称AC线-线电压的3％)内的为零。还应当理解的是，在这种情况下电压相等是指在上述公差范围内，它们的幅值相等并且它们是同步的(即，两个电压之间的角度差为零)。还应当理解的是，在断路器102具有三个极点(每相对应一个极)的三相系统中，示例性地线对线地进行AC电压测量，并且基于跨断路器102的三个极点中的每个极点的AC电压差来进行确定。也就是说，要将断路器102的两端的AC电压差视为零，跨断路器102的三个极点中的每个极点的AC电压差必须为零(在上述公差范围内)。
在断路器102闭合之前将断路器102两端的AC电压差降低至零显著地减小了当断路器102闭合时流动的涌流。这样做提供了简化由于涌流考虑而引起的熔断器和电路设计的益处，并有助于避免调整电气部件尺寸的过度设计成本和工作量。它还减轻了整流器106的输入侧上的部件(例如，LC输入电路的电感器和电容器)的压力，并有助于延长整流器106中相关部件的寿命。
图2是用于上面刚描述的UPS系统的前述操作的说明控制例程的流程图。该控制例程在控制器122中实现。控制例程在200处开始。在202处，DC总线110由预充电电路134充电，使得DC总线110上的DC电压电平等于断路器102的输入侧103处的线-线AC输入电压的峰值AC电压电平。示例性地，控制器122闭合向整流器138提供来自AC电力输入101的AC电力的受控开关136并控制整流器138，使得由整流器138在其输出140处提供的DC电压的DC电压电平等于线-线AC输入电压的峰值AC电压电平，该峰值AC电压电平经由AC电压传感器130由控制器122监控。在204处，整流器106通过控制器122操作作为逆变器，以将整流器106的DC输出108处的DC总线110上的DC变换为AC，该AC通过整流器106在整流器106的AC输入104处输出。在整流器106作为逆变器操作时，控制器122操作成将由整流器106在其AC输入104处提供的AC电压调节成等于AC电力输入101处的AC电压。在206处，控制例程检查断路器102的两端的AC电压差是否为零。这通过如下进行：将经由AC电压传感器130测量的AC电力输入101处的AC电压与经由AC电压传感器132测量的整流器106的AC输入104处的AC电压进行比较。如果整流器106的输入104处的AC电压不等于AC电力输入101处的AC电压，则控制例程分支回到204。如果整流器106的输入104处的AC电压等于AC电力输入101处的AC电压，则控制例程分支进行至208，其中闭合断路器102，并且还将受控开关136打开以关断预充电电路134。然后控制例程分支进行至210，在此结束。
应当理解的是，可以以硬件逻辑、软件逻辑或者硬件逻辑和软件逻辑的组合来实现用于说明性地由控制器122进行的对UPS系统100的前述控制的逻辑。在这方面，控制器122可以是或可以包括数字信号处理器(DSP)、微处理器、微控制器或利用实现上述方法的软件编程的其他可编程设备中的任一个。应当理解的是，替选地，它是或者包括其他逻辑器件，例如，现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)或专用集成电路(ASIC)。当陈述控制器122执行功能或被配置成执行功能时，应当理解的是，控制器122被配置成使用适当的逻辑(例如，以软件、逻辑设备或其组合)来进行。
出于说明和描述的目的，已经提供了对实施方式的前述描述。该描述不旨在穷举或限制本公开内容。特定的实施方式的各元件或特征通常不限于该特定的实施方式，而是在适用的情况下可互换，并且可以用在所选择的实施方式中，即使其没有被具体示出或描述亦是如此。特定的实施方式的各元件或特征也可以以很多方式变化。这样的变型不被认为是偏离本公开内容的，并且所有这样的修改都旨在被包括在本公开内容的范围内。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于减小当无变压器整流器UPS系统的输入断路器从打开位置切换到闭合位置时所述UPS系统中的涌流的方法，所述输入断路器耦接在AC电力输入和所述UPS系统的整流器的AC输入之间，并且其中所述整流器的DC输出耦接至所述UPS系统的DC总线，所述方法包括：
在所述断路器从打开位置切换到闭合位置之前，将所述DC总线充电至具有下述DC电压电平的DC电压：所述DC电压电平等于所述UPS系统的AC电力输入处存在的线-线AC电压的峰值AC电压电平，将所述整流器作为逆变器进行操作以将所述DC电压电平转换为所述整流器的AC输入处的AC电压，并将所述整流器的AC输入处的AC电压调节成等于所述AC电力输入处存在的线-线AC电压；以及
当所述整流器的AC输入处的AC电压等于所述AC电力输入处存在的线-线AC电压时，闭合所述断路器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，包括：操作耦接在所述DC总线与所述AC电力输入之间的所述UPS系统的预充电电路，以将所述DC总线充电至所述DC电压电平，并向所述UPS系统的整流器提供电力。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，操作所述预充电电路以对所述DC总线进行充电包括：闭合所述预充电电路的受控开关，以将所述预充电电路的整流器耦接至所述AC电力输入，并且控制所述预充电电路的整流器，以在耦接至所述DC总线的所述预充电电路的整流器的输出处提供具有所述DC电压电平的DC电压。
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