CN108689945A - 一种苯并咪唑衍生物的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种苯并咪唑衍生物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D235/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings
- C07D235/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, condensed with other rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D235/04—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles
- C07D235/18—Benzimidazoles; Hydrogenated benzimidazoles with aryl radicals directly attached in position 2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种苯并咪唑衍生物的制备方法,所述苯并咪唑衍生物为1‑甲基‑2‑苯基‑5‑溴‑1H‑苯并咪唑,其是制备抗癌药物和有机电场致发光器件的中间体。本发明的合成1‑甲基‑2‑苯基‑5‑溴‑1H‑苯并咪唑的方法所用的原料和试剂廉价易得,合成方法简单可行,反应条件温和,产率较高,为合成1‑甲基‑2‑苯基‑5‑溴‑1H‑苯并咪唑化合物开辟一条简便的合成路径。
Description
本申请是申请号为201510928744.4,申请日为2015年12月15日,发明创造名称为“苯并咪唑衍生物及其制备方法”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种苯并咪唑衍生物的制备方法。
背景技术
苯并咪唑衍生物是一类具有广泛生物活性的化合物,在医药领域具有抗病毒、抗癌、抗寄生虫、抗动脉粥样硬化、抗炎、抗组胺、治疗白血病、治疗消化性溃疡、治疗低血糖和生理紊乱,降血压等功效。硝基苯并咪唑类在放射治疗中具有较好的辐射增敏作用。苯并咪唑衍生物可用于模拟天然超氧化物歧化酶的活性部位研究生物活性,可作为环氧树脂新型固化剂、催化剂和某些金属的表面处理剂,还可作为有机合成反应的中间体等。
由于酸对各类金属设备均有腐蚀,所以在酸洗时要加入缓蚀剂,抑制金属在酸性介质中的腐蚀。苯并咪唑类化合物毒性低,因此这类化合物作为酸洗缓蚀剂具有极大的开发价值,具有良好的抗腐蚀性。苯并咪唑由于1、3位上两个氮原子的高活性而极易在金属表面上吸附,特别是其衍生物由于具有不同取代基而在金属表面具有不同吸附能力,从而可通过选择合适的取代基来提高缓蚀性能(引自参考文献)。
苯并咪唑类化合物能够抑制菌类生长,噻菌灵(thiabendazole)、苯菌灵(benomyl)、多菌灵(carbendazim)是三种代表性含苯并咪唑活性基团的商品杀菌剂,主要用于防治农作物、经济作物上由真菌引起的各种病害。
此外,苯并咪唑类化合物可与稀土元素配位制备配合物用于有机发光二极管材料等领域。聚苯并咪唑类化合物是最早用于耐高温粘结剂的杂环高分子之一,有瞬间耐高温耐低温交变及超低温性能,聚苯并咪唑树脂可以作为耐高温材料用于航天领域。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种苯并咪唑衍生物的制备方法。
一种苯并咪唑衍生物,所述苯并咪唑衍生物为1-甲基-2-苯基-5-溴-1H-苯并咪唑,结构式如下:。
实现本发明目的的技术方案是上述1-甲基-2-苯基-5-溴-1H-苯并咪唑的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
①由N-甲基-2-硝基苯胺和无水液溴制备N-甲基-2-硝基-4-溴苯胺。
②将步骤①制备的N-甲基-2-硝基-4-溴苯胺进行N-苯甲酰化反应得到N-(-2-硝基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺。
③对步骤②制得的N-(-2-硝基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺的硝基还原,制得N-(-2-氨基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺。
④将步骤③制备的N-(-2-氨基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺进行分子内脱水闭环反应制得1-甲基-2-苯基-5-溴-1H-苯并咪唑。
步骤①中N-甲基-2-硝基苯胺和无水液溴的摩尔比为1.0:1.1~1.2,将符合上述配比要求的N-甲基-2-硝基苯胺溶解在无水乙酸中,滴加无水液溴的无水乙酸溶液反应,反应温度为20~40℃,反应时间为3~6 h。反应后期出现大量橙色固体,反应结束后抽滤得到的固体用碳酸钠水溶液洗涤除去固体中存在的溴化氢和少量的溴,再用水洗涤到中性。考虑到液溴有少量挥发,所以N-甲基-2-硝基苯胺和无水液溴的摩尔比为1.0:1.1~1.2,既可以使得N-甲基-2-硝基苯胺反应比较完全,又防止二溴代产物的生成。
步骤①中N-甲基-2-硝基苯胺溶解在无水乙酸中时,溶剂无水乙酸的质量为N-甲基-2-硝基苯胺质量的4.0~6.0倍;所述无水液溴的无水乙酸溶液中无水液溴与无水乙酸的质量比为1.8~2.0:1。
步骤②中N-甲基-2-硝基-4-溴苯胺和苯甲酰氯的物质的量之比为1.0:1.1~1.3;反应时温度为85~95℃,反应时间为6~8 h。
步骤②中将N-甲基-2-硝基-4-溴苯胺溶解在吡啶中后与苯甲酰氯在氩气保护下反应;吡啶的质量为N-甲基-2-硝基-4-溴苯胺质量的2.5~3.5倍。反应体系中的吡啶既是缚酸剂,又是溶剂。反应完成后,加入乙酸乙酯析出大量吡啶盐酸盐沉淀,通过抽滤除掉,乙酸乙酯滤液中还含有大量吡啶,加入适量的稀盐酸使得剩余的吡啶成盐溶解在水中,产物溶解在乙酸乙酯中,水层和有机层分离,从而除掉了产物中的吡啶。
据文献报道(WO20110869 41A1,WO2011086935A1,US 20120153268),粗产物采用硅胶柱层析分离,洗脱剂:二氯甲烷,实验发现用二氯甲烷洗脱剂分离效果不理想。尝试采用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)作展开剂,产物和原料分离较好。粗产物加石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)溶解,结果意外发现原料易溶解,而产物微溶,加适量石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)使得未反应的原料溶解,大部分固体产物仍然不溶解。用倾泻法把溶液和固体分离,固体再用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)洗涤就得到大量纯的产物,而溶液进行柱层析,洗脱剂:石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1),又得到部分产物。与文献报道(WO2011086941 A1,WO2011086935A1,US20120153268)的硅胶柱层析分离方法相比,用少量的硅胶和洗脱剂就可以实现分离。
具体的,收取N-(-2-硝基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺时,向反应结束后的物料中加入乙酸乙酯,出现大量吡啶盐酸盐固体,抽滤,固体用乙酸乙酯洗涤,抽滤得到的乙酸乙酯滤液用盐酸溶液洗涤,分出有机相,有机相先用碳酸钾溶液洗涤二次,再用饱和食盐水溶液洗涤一次,饱和食盐水洗涤后加入无水硫酸镁干燥有机相;
将干燥后的有机相过滤,得到的滤液减压蒸馏去除溶剂,蒸馏后得到的残余物加入石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂中,用倾泻法将溶液和固体分离;
其中倾泻法得到的溶液进行柱层析,洗脱剂为石油醚/乙酸乙酯;倾泻法得到的固体用石油醚/乙酸乙酯洗涤,合并后得到N-(-2-硝基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺。
步骤③中将N-(-2-硝基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺和还原剂混合,在混合溶剂:THF/水/甲醇中发生硝基的还原反应,得到N-(-2-氨基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺;N-(-2-硝基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺和还原剂的物质的量之比为1.0:4.5~5.5。作为优选的,所述还原剂为连二亚硫酸钠。THF的质量为N-(-2-硝基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺质量的8~12倍,水的质量为N-(-2-硝基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺质量的8~11倍。
步骤③中N-(-2-硝基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺与还原剂反应时,反应温度为20~35℃,反应时间为2~4 h。
步骤④中以二甲苯为溶剂,N-(-2-氨基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺在对甲苯磺酸催化下,发生环合反应,得到1-甲基-2-苯基-5-溴-1H-苯并咪唑。
步骤④中二甲苯的质量为N-(-2-氨基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺质量的3~4倍,催化剂对甲苯磺酸的质量为N-(-2-氨基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺质量的0.15~0.25倍。环合反应温度是在回流条件下,反应时间为5~9 h。
本发明具有积极的效果:(1)本发明制备的1-甲基-2-苯基-5-溴-1H-苯并咪唑可作为合成下面三个化合物1~3的中间体。化合物1~3是哺乳类动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin)激酶的抑制剂,有望成为治疗癌症的药物。当1-甲基-2-苯基-5-溴-1H-苯并咪唑中的溴原子被多环芳烃取代之后,形成的化合物属于有机电场致发光器件。
(2)本发明所用的原料和试剂廉价易得,合成方法简单可行,反应条件温和,产率较高,为合成1-甲基-2-苯基-5-溴-1H-苯并咪唑化合物开辟一条简便的合成路径。
具体实施方式
(实施例1)
本实施例的苯并咪唑衍生物为1-甲基-2-苯基-5-溴-1H-苯并[d]咪唑,结构式如下:
制备方法包括以下步骤:
①制备N-甲基-2-硝基-4-溴苯胺,反应式如下
。
在安装了电动搅拌器和恒压漏斗的1000 mL三颈瓶中,加入60 g(394 mmol)N-甲基-2-硝基苯胺,再向三颈瓶中加入230 mL无水乙酸使N-甲基-2-硝基苯胺溶解;所述恒压漏斗中加有35 mL无水乙酸和69.7 g(436 mmol)无水液溴。
室温搅拌下打开恒压漏斗滴加液溴的乙酸溶液,反应放热,滴加完毕后在室温25℃下反应4 h,薄层色谱检测反应完全(展开剂:二氯甲烷),在反应后期出现大量橙色固体。
反应结束后将三颈瓶中物料抽滤,滤液加适量水没有固体析出,抽滤得到的固体先用260 mL5%的碳酸钠水溶液洗涤一次,再用去离子水洗涤2次,每次330 mL;洗涤完成的标准是最后一次的洗涤水pH值为7.0。
将洗涤后的固体真空干燥,得到80.33 g橙黄色固体产物,产率88%。检测产物m.p.101.9~102.7℃,N-甲基-2-硝基-4-溴苯胺的m.p.文献值:101.9-102.4 ℃(J Org Chem, 1970, 35(4):965-969)。
产物核磁共振表征:1H-NMR(400MHz, CDCl3, δppm): 8.32(s, 1H, ArH ), 8.02(s, b, 1H, NH), 7.52(d, J = 8Hz, 1H, ArH ), 6.76(d, J = 8Hz, 1H, ArH), 3.03(s, 3H, CH3)。IR(KBr),ν/cm-1: 3380~3150 (b, -NH), 1560,, 1344(-NO2), 1616,1507 (苯环骨架), 875, 809 (苯环1,2,4-三元取代), 691(C-Br)。
本实施例使用的无水乙酸准备时,是取市售的无水乙酸,向其中加入五氧化二磷,加热回流,然后蒸馏得到本实施例使用的无水乙酸。
本实施例使用的无水液溴准备时,是向液溴中加入浓硫酸振摇除水,然后分出得到使用的无水液溴。
②制备N-(-2-硝基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺,反应式如下
。
将步骤①制备的68 g(290 mmol)N-甲基-2-硝基-4-溴苯胺溶解在200 mL吡啶中,加入到500 mL三颈瓶中,再向三颈瓶中加入苯甲酰氯50 g(350 mmol),在氩气保护下,磁力搅拌下加热到90℃后反应7 h,薄层色谱检测反应完全(展开剂:石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1))。
向反应结束后的物料中加入乙酸乙酯2000 mL,出现大量吡啶盐酸盐固体,抽滤,固体用乙酸乙酯洗涤。抽滤得到的乙酸乙酯滤液用800 mL10%盐酸溶液洗涤,分出有机相,有机相先用10%碳酸钾溶液洗涤二次,每次800 mL,使得有机相的pH = 8,再用800 mL饱和食盐水溶液洗涤一次,饱和食盐水洗涤后加入无水硫酸镁干燥有机相。
将干燥后的有机相过滤,得到的滤液减压蒸馏去除溶剂,蒸馏后得到的残余物加入石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)混合溶剂中,发现未反应的原料易溶解,而产物不易溶解。用倾泻法将溶液和固体分离,溶液进行柱层析,洗脱剂:石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1),得到产物28 g,倾泻法得到的固体用石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1)洗涤,得到产物63 g,合计得到91 g绿白色固体,收率为94%。
产物m.p.114.3-114.7℃。
产物核磁共振表征:1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,δppm): 7.89~7.85(m, 3H, ArH),7.65~7.57(m, 4H, ArH), 7.46~7.44(m, 1H, ArH), 3.89 (s, 3H, CH3)。IR(KBr),ν/cm-1: 2937( -CH3), 1654(C=O), 1530, 1348(-NO2), 1598, 1577, 1475(苯环骨架),699 (C-Br)。
③制备N-(-2-氨基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺,反应式如下
。
将步骤②制备的19 g(56 mmol)N-(-2-硝基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺溶于200 mL THF中,然后加入到1000 mL三颈瓶中,在氩气保护下和室温磁力搅拌下加入Na2S2O4水溶液和甲醇20 mL,室温搅拌反应3 h;所用Na2S2O4 水溶液由50 g(284 mmol)和水180 mL组成。
向反应结束后的物料中加入乙酸乙酯200 mL和NaHCO3水溶液,室温下搅拌1 h,所述NaHCO3 水溶液由24 g NaHCO3 和250 mL水组成。
用乙酸乙酯萃取,除去水层,有机层用140 mL 10%的Na2CO3水溶液和140 mL饱和食盐水各洗涤一次,无水硫酸镁干燥。过滤后减压蒸出溶剂,得到白色固体15.6 g,收率91%,产物m.p. 146.6~147.8℃;核磁共振表征:1H-NMR(400MHz,CD3CN,δppm): 7.88(s, 1H,Ar), 7.80~7.77(m, 2H, ArH), 7.58~7.55(m, 3H, ArH), 7.48~7.43(m, 2H, ArH),6.62(s, b, 1H, NH), 6.09(s, b, 1H, NH), 3.83 (s, 3H, CH3)。IR(KBr),ν/cm-1:3475, 3329 (b,-NH2), 1662 (C=O), 1600, 1575, 1469,(苯环的骨架), 705 (C-Br)。
④合成1-甲基-2-苯基-5-溴-1H-苯并咪唑,反应式如下
。
在200 mL三颈瓶加入步骤③制备的15.6 g(52 mmol)N-(-2-氨基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺和50 mL二甲苯,所得悬浊液再加对甲苯磺酸的一水合物3.0 g(15.4 mmol),加热回流7 h。
回流结束后冷却、抽滤,将抽滤得到的固体溶于180 mL二氯甲烷中,所得二氯甲烷溶液用100 mL 10%碳酸钾溶液和100 mL饱和食盐水各洗涤一次,洗涤后用无水硫酸镁干燥,减压蒸出溶剂。
将抽滤得到的滤液浓缩至干,所得固体也溶于二氯甲烷中,用上述处理抽滤得到的固体同样的方法洗涤和干燥回收有机物。
合并两次的有机物,硅胶柱层析,洗脱剂:石油醚/乙酸乙酯(3:1),得到白色结晶13.0 g,收率87%。
产品m.p. 150.0~150.3℃。
产品核磁共振表征:1H-NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6,δppm): 7.89~7.85(m, 3H, Ar),7.65~7.58(m, 4H, Ar), 7.46~7.43(m, 1H, Ar), 3.88 (s, 3H, CH3);13C-NMR(100MHz,DMSO-d6,δppm):154.7, 144.3, 136.2, 130.4, 130.1, 129.8, 129.2, 125.5,121.8, 114.7, 113.0, 32.4。IR(KBr),ν/cm-1:1608 (C=N ), 699 (C-Br)。HPLC: 99.8%。
(应用例)
本发明制备的1-甲基-2-苯基-5-溴-1H-苯并咪唑可作为合成下面三个化合物1~3的中间体。化合物1~3是哺乳类动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin)激酶的抑制剂,有望成为治疗癌症的药物。当1-甲基-2-苯基-5-溴-1H-苯并咪唑中的溴原子被多环芳烃取代之后,形成的化合物属于有机电场致发光器件。
Claims (7)
1.一种苯并咪唑衍生物的制备方法,所述苯并咪唑衍生物的结构式如下
其特征在于制备方法包括以下步骤:
①由N-甲基-2-硝基苯胺和无水液溴反应制备N-甲基-2-硝基-4-溴苯胺,N-甲基-2-硝基苯胺和无水液溴的摩尔比为1.0:1.1~1.2;将N-甲基-2-硝基苯胺溶解在无水乙酸中,然后滴加无水液溴的无水乙酸溶液开始反应,反应温度为20~40℃,反应时间为3~6h;
其中N-甲基-2-硝基苯胺溶解在无水乙酸中时,溶剂无水乙酸的质量为N-甲基-2-硝基苯胺质量的4.0~6.0倍,无水液溴的无水乙酸溶液中无水液溴与无水乙酸的质量比为1.8~2.0:1;
②将步骤①制备的N-甲基-2-硝基-4-溴苯胺与苯甲酰氯进行N-苯甲酰化反应得到N-(-2-硝基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺;
收取N-(-2-硝基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺时,向反应结束后的物料中加入乙酸乙酯,出现大量吡啶盐酸盐固体,抽滤,固体用乙酸乙酯洗涤,抽滤得到的乙酸乙酯滤液用盐酸溶液洗涤,分出有机相,有机相先用碳酸钾溶液洗涤二次,再用饱和食盐水溶液洗涤一次,饱和食盐水洗涤后加入无水硫酸镁干燥有机相;
将干燥后的有机相过滤,得到的滤液减压蒸馏去除溶剂,蒸馏后得到的残余物加入石油醚/乙酸乙酯混合溶剂中,用倾泻法将溶液和固体分离;
其中倾泻法得到的溶液进行柱层析,洗脱剂为石油醚/乙酸乙酯;倾泻法得到的固体用石油醚/乙酸乙酯洗涤,合并后得到N-(-2-硝基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺;
③对步骤②制得的N-(-2-硝基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺的硝基还原,制得N-(-2-氨基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺;
④将步骤③制备的N-(-2-氨基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺进行分子内脱水闭环反应制得1-甲基-2-苯基-5-溴-1H-苯并咪唑。
2.根据权利要求1所述的苯并咪唑衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤②中N-甲基-2-硝基-4-溴苯胺和苯甲酰氯的物质的量之比为1.0:1.1~1.3;反应时温度为85~95℃,反应时间为6~8 h。
3.根据权利要求2所述的苯并咪唑衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤②中将N-甲基-2-硝基-4-溴苯胺溶解在吡啶中后与苯甲酰氯在氩气保护下反应;吡啶的质量为N-甲基-2-硝基-4-溴苯胺质量的2.5~3.5倍。
4.根据权利要求1所述的苯并咪唑衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤③中将N-(-2-硝基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺和还原剂混合,在混合溶剂:THF/水/甲醇中发生硝基的还原反应,得到N-(-2-氨基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺;N-(-2-硝基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺和还原剂的物质的量之比为1.0:4.5~5.5;所述还原剂为连二亚硫酸钠。
5.根据权利要求4所述的苯并咪唑衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤③中N-(-2-硝基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺与还原剂反应时,反应温度为20~35℃,反应时间为2~4h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的苯并咪唑衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤④中以二甲苯为溶剂,N-(-2-氨基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺在对甲苯磺酸催化下,发生环合反应,得到1-甲基-2-苯基-5-溴-1H-苯并咪唑。
7.根据权利要求6所述的苯并咪唑衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤④中二甲苯的质量为N-(-2-氨基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺质量的3~4倍,催化剂对甲苯磺酸的质量为N-(-2-氨基-4-溴苯基)- N-甲基苯甲酰胺质量的0.15~0.25倍;环合反应是在回流下反应5~9 h。
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