CN108668741B - Method for preventing and controlling moth pests of Australian nut trees - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling moth pests of Australian nut trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN108668741B CN108668741B CN201810425849.1A CN201810425849A CN108668741B CN 108668741 B CN108668741 B CN 108668741B CN 201810425849 A CN201810425849 A CN 201810425849A CN 108668741 B CN108668741 B CN 108668741B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A01N57/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-oxygen bonds or phosphorus-to-sulfur bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
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- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling moth pests of Australian tree trees, which aims at finding out trunks damaged by the moth pests and adopts the following measures: reasonably applying fertilizer, watering, loosening soil and weeding in time, and shearing damaged branches; painting the trunk with a medicament; frequently patrolling the orchard, finding a larva tunnel, namely filling an orifice with the medicament, and plugging the orifice with clay; during the prime period of the young insects of low age, the pesticide is sprayed on the insect pore canals and the epidermis of the branches near the insect pore canals; spraying the whole stem leaf pesticide 1-7 days after the adult moth; and (5) carrying out lamplight trapping and killing in the adult high-incidence period. The prevention and control effect of the moth pests and the branches which are not damaged before overwintering is 95 percent and is improved by more than 42 percent compared with the conventional prevention and control effect by combining the artificial prevention and control and the medicament prevention and control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant pest control, in particular to control of moth pests of Australian nut trees.
Background
With the increasing popularity of nuts, the vast nut market leads China to introduce a large amount of macadamia nuts, and meanwhile, large-area plantation of the macadamia nuts faces a severe insect pest problem, wherein the damage of the moth pests such as wood moth and moth, which are stem eating pests, to the macadamia nuts is large. The moth-type pests are a general term for pests of the family pissodidae and the family pissodidae. The moth pests damaging macadamia nuts mainly comprise litchi wood moth, acacia wood moth and coffee leopard wood moth, which are damaged by the fact that larvae enter the phloem or xylem of branches and trunks to eat, so that the tree vigor is weakened, and partial branches and trunks of plants are dead or the whole plant is dead frequently caused when the damage is serious.
Enabling the litchi wood moth and the acacia wood moth to occur for 1 generation in Guangxi year, enabling the old larvae to overwinter, enabling the overwinter larvae to pupate in the middle 3 th-5 th of the month, enabling the pupation period to be 15-25d, enabling adults to be seen from the beginning of 4 months to the beginning of 6 months, and enabling the larvae to begin to hatch in the middle 4 th of the month; the later is to make the larval overwintering, the larval overwintering pupate from the first 4 th to the second 5 th, the pupate period is about 20 days, adult larvae appear from the second 4 th to the second 6 th, and larvae begin to hatch from the first 5 th. The coffee leopard moth occurs for 2 generations in Guangxi year, the larval of the 2 nd generation overwintering, the larval of the overwintering pupates in the middle 3 th-5 th ten days, the pupation period is 15-20d, the imago of the 1 st generation appears in the upper 4 th-6 th ten days, the imago of the 2 nd generation appears in the middle 8 th-10 th month, the larval of the 1 st generation begins to hatch in the middle 4 th days, and the larval of the 2 nd generation begins to hatch at the bottom 8 months.
The litchi wood moth, the acacia wood moth and the coffee leopard moth are main trunk-boring pests of the Guangxi Australia nut trees, which are damaged by the fact that young insects bite into branches and trunks, are less influenced by environmental factors, have more stable population and higher control difficulty, and are mainly controlled by methods of cutting insect branches, coating the trunks with medicaments or pouring holes with the medicaments, trapping and killing adults, utilizing natural enemies and the like in production, wherein the chemical medicaments are main means, and different medicament combinations have different effects, so that a brand-new medicament combination with high efficiency and no harm to the nut trees is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling moth pests of Australian nut trees, which aims at the symptoms of invasion of longicorn larvae to Australian nut trees at different stages, targeted control is carried out from larvae to adults, the killing capacity of the moth pests is enhanced by the combination of effective chemical agents, the resistance of the moth pests to single pesticide is also prevented, and good control effect is obtained: before overwintering, no damaged branches are found, the control effect of the moth pests reaches 95 percent, and the control effect is improved by more than 42 percent compared with the conventional control effect.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a moth-type pest control method for Australian nut trees comprises the following steps:
(1) applying fertilizer to fruit trees, reasonably watering, loosening soil and weeding in time, and shearing damaged branches;
(2) coating the trunk and the main branches of the fruit tree with a whitening agent;
(3) frequently patrolling the orchard, finding a larva tunnel, namely filling an orifice with insecticide and plugging the orifice with clay; the insecticide is obtained by mixing beauveria bassiana and imidacloprid WP8-15% according to the volume ratio of 8-15: 1 and then diluting by 100-200 times;
(4) during the prime period of the young insects of low age, the pesticide is sprayed on the insect pore canals and the epidermis of the branches near the insect pore canals;
(5) spraying the whole stem leaf pesticide 1-7 days after the adult moth; the pesticide is a mixture of 0.002-0.004% of deltamethrin, 0.03-0.05% of omethoate, 0.002-0.004% of cyhalothrin and bacillus thuringiensis;
(6) and in the adult high-incidence period, the lamp light trapping and killing is carried out by using the frequency vibration type insect killing lamp.
Preferably, the fertilizer in the step (1) is obtained by mixing a compound microbial fertilizer, urea and diammonium phosphate according to a mass ratio of 5-7: 2:1, the using amount is 1.2-2.0 kg/plant, the nutrition of the tree body is enhanced, and the soil fertility is improved.
Preferably, the whitening agent in the step (2) is quicklime, lime sulfur, ammonia-penta-chrysanthemum enzyme, salt, clay and water according to a mass ratio of 8-15: 2-3: 0.05-0.1: 2-3: 2-3: 48-60 by mixing; more preferably, the whitening agent in the step (2) is quicklime, lime sulfur, ammonia penta-chrysanthemum enzyme, salt, clay and water according to a mass ratio of 10-12: 3: 0.07: 2: 2: 50-56, the white paint prepared according to the proportion has the best compatibility, adhesiveness, insecticidal and bactericidal effects.
Preferably, the medicament in the step (4) is obtained by mixing 1.5-5% of pirimiphos-methyl and 2-5% of trichlorfon according to the volume ratio of 1: 2-3.
Preferably, the pesticide in the step (5) is deltamethrin in an amount of 0.002-0.004%, omethoate in an amount of 0.03-0.05%, cyhalothrin in an amount of 0.002-0.004%, and bacillus thuringiensis in a mass ratio of 1-2: 4-6: 2-3: 0.05 obtained by mixing; more preferably, the pesticide in the step (5) is deltamethrin with the mass ratio of 0.003%, omethoate with the mass ratio of 0.04%, cyhalothrin with the mass ratio of 0.003% and bacillus thuringiensis with the mass ratio of 1-2: 5:2:0.05, because the compatibility, the adhesiveness and the insecticidal effect of the insecticide are the best when the deltamethrin, the omethoate and the cyhalothrin are mixed according to the mixture ratio, the insecticidal effect of the mixed insecticide can be enhanced by adding the bacillus thuringiensis.
Preferably, each lamp of the frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp in the step (6) controls 2-3 hectares, and the suspension height is 1.8-2.2 m; turning on the lamp at 8 pm and turning off the lamp at 6 am next day, collecting adults every day, and intensively killing the adults.
The compound microbial fertilizer, urea, diammonium phosphate, quicklime, lime sulphur, amantadine, salt, deltamethrin, omethoate, cyhalothrin, pirimiphos-methyl, trichlorfon and bacillus thuringiensis mentioned above can be purchased in the market, and do not need to be prepared specially.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts the mixed fertilizer of the microbial fertilizer and the organic fertilizer to improve the soil, enhances the absorption of nutrition for the damaged fruit trees, regulates the growth of the fruit trees, regulates the nutrition balance in the fruit trees and increases the stress resistance.
(2) The invention uses the mixture of pirimiphos-methyl, trichlorfon and bacillus thuringiensis as the biphosphous insecticide, can effectively kill insects, has smaller influence on fruit trees and soil, has stronger insecticidal capability and is more environment-friendly compared with the traditional biphosphous insecticide.
(3) The mixed insecticide and bactericide of deltamethrin, omethoate, cyhalothrin and bacillus thuringiensis is adopted in the invention, the compatibility of the three insecticides is good, the insecticidal and bactericidal effect is obviously enhanced when the three insecticides are mixed for use compared with the insecticidal and bactericidal effect when the three insecticides are singly used, and the insecticidal effect of the mixed insecticide can be enhanced by adding the bacillus thuringiensis.
(4) The light trapping and killing by using the frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp has good control effect on moth pests, and is environment-friendly and pollution-free.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples in order that the advantages and features of the present invention may be more readily understood, but the scope of the invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
A moth-type pest control method for Australian nut trees comprises the following steps:
(1) the damage period of moth pests is 3-10 months, the compound microbial fertilizer, urea and diammonium phosphate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 5:2:1 to obtain a mixed fertilizer, the use amount of the mixed fertilizer is 1.2 kg/plant, the nutrition of the tree body is enhanced, and the soil fertility is improved; reasonably watering, loosening soil and weeding in time, and shearing damaged branches;
(2) mixing quicklime, lime sulfur, ammonia penta-chrysanthemum enzyme, salt, clay and water according to a mass ratio of 8:3: 0.1: 3: 3: 48 the whitening agent obtained by mixing is coated on the trunk and the main branches of the fruit tree;
(3) frequently patrolling the orchard, finding a larva gallery, namely mixing beauveria bassiana with imidacloprid WP8-15% according to the volume ratio of 8:1, diluting by 100 times to obtain an insecticide, filling an orifice, and plugging the orifice with clay;
(4) during the prime period of the young insects of low age, spraying a medicament obtained by mixing 1.5 percent of pirimiphos-methyl and 5 percent of trichlorfon according to the volume ratio of 1:2 on the pore canals of the insects and the epidermis of branches near the pore canals of the insects;
(5) after 1 day of the adult moth, the adult moth is treated with 0.002% of deltamethrin, 0.05% of omethoate, 0.004% of cyhalothrin and bacillus thuringiensis according to the mass ratio of 2:6: 2:0.05 spraying the whole stem and leaf of the mixed pesticide;
(6) the lamp light trapping and killing is carried out by utilizing the frequency vibration type insect killing lamp in the adult high-rise period, and each lamp controls 2hm2The suspension height is 1.8 m; turning on the lamp at 8 pm and turning off the lamp at 6 am next day, collecting adults every day, and intensively killing the adults.
The method of the invention is used for preventing and controlling the moth pests of the Australian nut trees, before overwintering, no damaged branches are found, the prevention and control effect of the moth pests reaches 97 percent, and the prevention and control effect is improved by more than 44 percent compared with the conventional method.
Example 2
A moth-type pest control method for Australian nut trees comprises the following steps:
(1) the damage period of moth pests is 3-10 months, the compound microbial fertilizer, urea and diammonium phosphate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 7:2:1 to obtain a mixed fertilizer, the using amount of the mixed fertilizer is 2.0 kg/plant, the nutrition of the tree body is enhanced, and the soil fertility is improved; reasonably watering, loosening soil and weeding in time, and shearing damaged branches;
(2) mixing quicklime, lime sulfur, ammonia penta-chrysanthemum enzyme, salt, clay and water according to a mass ratio of 15:2: 0.05: 2: 2: 60 coating the trunk and the main branches of the fruit tree with the whitening agent obtained by mixing;
(3) frequently patrolling the orchard, finding a larva gallery, namely mixing beauveria bassiana with imidacloprid WP8-15% according to the volume ratio of 15:1, diluting by 200 times to obtain an insecticide, filling an orifice, and plugging the orifice with clay;
(4) in the prime period of the young insects of low age, 5 percent of pirimiphos-methyl and 2 percent of trichlorfon are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:3 to obtain a medicament for spraying wet insect pore canals and the epidermis of branches near the pore canals;
(5) after 7 days of adult moths, the mixture is treated by using 0.004 percent of deltamethrin, 0.03 percent of omethoate, 0.002 percent of cyhalothrin and bacillus thuringiensis according to the mass ratio of 1:4: 2:0.05 spraying the whole stem and leaf of the mixed pesticide;
(6) the lamp light trapping and killing is carried out by utilizing the frequency vibration type insect killing lamp in the adult high-rise period, and each lamp controls 3hm2The suspension height is 2.2 meters; turning on the lamp at 8 pm and turning off the lamp at 6 am next day, collecting adults every day, and intensively killing the adults.
The method of the invention is used for preventing and controlling the moth pests of the Australian nut trees, before overwintering, no damaged branches are found, the prevention and control effect of the moth pests reaches 95 percent, and the prevention and control effect is improved by more than 42 percent compared with the conventional method.
Example 3
A moth-type pest control method for Australian nut trees comprises the following steps:
(1) the damage period of moth pests is 3-10 months, the compound microbial fertilizer, urea and diammonium phosphate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6:2:1 to obtain a mixed fertilizer, the use amount of the mixed fertilizer is 1.6 kg/plant, the nutrition of the tree body is enhanced, and the soil fertility is improved; reasonably watering, loosening soil and weeding in time, and shearing damaged branches;
(2) mixing quicklime, lime sulfur, ammonia penta-chrysanthemum enzyme, salt, clay and water according to the mass ratio of 12:3: 0.07: 2: 2: 52 coating the trunk and the main branches of the fruit tree with the whitening agent obtained by mixing;
(3) frequently patrolling the orchard, finding a larva gallery, namely mixing beauveria bassiana with imidacloprid WP8-15% according to the volume ratio of 10:1, diluting by 150 times to obtain an insecticide, filling an orifice, and plugging the orifice with clay;
(4) in the prime period of the young insects of low age, a medicament obtained by mixing 3.5 percent of pirimiphos-methyl and 4 percent of trichlorfon according to the volume ratio of 1:2 is sprayed on the insect pore canals and the epidermis of branches near the insect pore canals;
(5) after 4 days of adult moths, the mixture is treated by using 0.003 percent of deltamethrin, 0.04 percent of omethoate, 0.004 percent of cyhalothrin and bacillus thuringiensis according to the mass ratio of 1:5: 2:0.05 spraying the whole stem and leaf of the mixed pesticide;
(6) the lamp light trapping and killing is carried out by utilizing the frequency vibration type insect killing lamp in the adult high-rise period, and each lamp controls 2hm2The suspension height is 2.0 meters; turning on the lamp at 8 pm and turning off the lamp at 6 am next day, collecting adults every day, and intensively killing the adults.
The method of the invention is used for preventing and controlling the moth pests of the Australian nut trees, before overwintering, no damaged branches are found, the prevention and control effect of the moth pests reaches 96%, and the prevention and control effect is improved by more than 43% compared with the conventional method.
Example 4
A moth-type pest control method for Australian nut trees comprises the following steps:
(1) the damage period of moth pests is 3-10 months, the compound microbial fertilizer, urea and diammonium phosphate are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6:2:1 to obtain a mixed fertilizer, the use amount of the mixed fertilizer is 1.8 kg/plant, the nutrition of the tree body is enhanced, and the soil fertility is improved; reasonably watering, loosening soil and weeding in time, and shearing damaged branches;
(2) mixing quick lime, lime sulfur, ammonia penta-chrysanthemum enzyme, salt, clay and water according to the mass ratio of 11:3: 0.07: 2: 2: 54 the whitening agent obtained by mixing is coated on the trunk and the main branches of the fruit tree;
(3) frequently patrolling the orchard, finding a larva gallery, namely mixing beauveria bassiana with imidacloprid WP8-15% according to the volume ratio of 9:1, diluting by 150 times to obtain an insecticide, filling an orifice, and plugging the orifice with clay;
(4) in the prime period of the young insects of low age, the pesticide obtained by mixing 3 percent of pirimiphos-methyl and 4 percent of trichlorfon according to the volume ratio of 1:2 is sprayed on the channel of the insects and the epidermis of branches near the channel of the insects;
(5) after 3 days of adult moths, the mixture is treated by using 0.003 percent of deltamethrin, 0.05 percent of omethoate, 0.004 percent of cyhalothrin and bacillus thuringiensis according to the mass ratio of 2:5: 2:0.05 spraying the whole stem and leaf of the mixed pesticide;
(6) the lamp light trapping and killing is carried out by utilizing the frequency vibration type insect killing lamp in the adult high-rise period, and each lamp controls 2hm2The suspension height is 2.0 meters; turning on the lamp at 8 pm and turning off the lamp at 6 am next day, collecting adults every day, and intensively killing the adults.
The method of the invention is used for preventing and controlling the moth pests of the Australian nut trees, before overwintering, no damaged branches are found, the prevention and control effect of the moth pests reaches 95 percent, and the prevention and control effect is improved by more than 42 percent compared with the conventional method.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made thereto by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and equivalents should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A moth-type pest control method for Australian nut trees is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) applying fertilizer to fruit trees, reasonably watering, loosening soil and weeding in time, and shearing damaged branches; the fertilizer in the step (1) is obtained by mixing a compound microbial fertilizer, urea and diammonium phosphate according to a mass ratio of 5-7: 2:1, and the using amount of the fertilizer is 1.2-2.0 kg/plant;
(2) coating the trunk and the main branches of the fruit tree with a whitening agent, wherein the whitening agent is quicklime, lime sulfur, amantadine, salt, clay and water in a mass ratio of 8-15: 2-3: 0.05-0.1: 2-3: 2-3: 48-60 parts by weight;
(3) frequently patrolling the orchard, finding a larva tunnel, namely filling an orifice with insecticide and plugging the orifice with clay; the insecticide is obtained by mixing beauveria bassiana and imidacloprid WP8-15% according to the volume ratio of 8-15: 1 and then diluting by 100-200 times;
(4) during the prime period of the young insects of low age, the pesticide is sprayed on the insect pore canals and the epidermis of the branches near the insect pore canals;
(5) spraying the whole stem leaf pesticide 1-7 days after the adult moth; the pesticide is composed of 0.002-0.004% of deltamethrin, 0.03-0.05% of omethoate, 0.002-0.004% of cyhalothrin and bacillus thuringiensis in a mass ratio of 1-2: 4-6: 2-3: 0.05 mixing the obtained mixture;
(6) in the adult high-incidence period, a frequency vibration type insect killing lamp is used for trapping and killing light; controlling each lamp of the frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp in the step (6) to be 2-3 hectares, and hanging the lamps at a height of 1.8-2.2 m; turning on the lamp at 8 pm and turning off the lamp at 6 am next day, collecting adults every day, and intensively killing the adults.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the whitening agent in the step (2) is lime, lime-sulfur mixture, ammonia-pentraxin, salt, clay and water according to a mass ratio of 10-12: 3: 0.07: 2: 2: 50-56 in proportion.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the medicament in the step (4) is obtained by mixing 1.5-5% of pirimiphos-methyl and 2-5% of trichlorfon according to the volume ratio of 1: 2-3.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the pesticide in the step (5) is deltamethrin of 0.003%, omethoate of 0.04%, cyhalothrin of 0.003% and bacillus thuringiensis in a mass ratio of 1-2: 5:2:0.05 mixing.
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| 严防苹果蠹蛾的扩散与蔓延;曹爱东等;《果农之友》;20091103;第30页 * |
| 苹果蠹蛾为害特点与防治技术初探;张学义;《宁夏农林科技》;20130922;第7-8页 * |
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Application publication date: 20181019 Assignee: Guangxi Guinong Precision Farming Agricultural Technology Service Co.,Ltd. Assignor: SOUTH ASIAN TROPICAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE Research Institute OF GUANGXI Contract record no.: X2022450000267 Denomination of invention: A control method of moth pest of Macadamia nut tree Granted publication date: 20201020 License type: Common License Record date: 20221207 |