CN108660612A - 一种吸水絮片及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种吸水絮片，属于特种功能服装技术领域，包括以下质量百分含量的纤维：超吸水纤维10～60％；支撑纤维20～70％；低熔点粘合纤维10～40％；所述超吸水纤维为吸水率大于120倍以上的吸水纤维；所述低熔点粘合纤维为在150℃以下熔融并产生粘合的纤维，所述吸水絮片的针刺密度为20～300刺/m2。本发明提供的吸水絮片吸水效果好，且可长时间锁水，使用寿命长。发明提供的吸水絮片吸水倍率可达20～50倍，38～42℃的高温环境下可持续使用3～8小时，对其进行饱和吸水‑干燥反复循环测试，测试72次后其吸水倍率仍可保持90％以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及特种功能服装技术领域，特别涉及一种吸水絮片及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
在一些工业、民用和军警用场合，户外或者野外作业人员，如交通警察、户外执勤警察、石油石化和电力野外作业人员、建筑施工人员，环卫工人、农业劳动人员、户外运动员、部队执勤、野外训练战斗人员等，夏季面临着高温极端环境的考验。他们的作业环境特点是高温炎热持续时间长，且常受到阳光直接照射，加上中午前后气温升高，容易造成体力严重下降、中枢神经系统失调、精神恍惚，严重影响工作效率甚至引发人身健康安全问题或生产事故。因此，如何制作高效、简单便捷、可循环使用的降温服装已成为该领域的迫切需求。
近些年来，具有高吸水倍率的面料或絮片等得到了防暑降温服开发的重视，这类材料使用简单方便，不需要制冷设备对材料进行降温处理，通过材料吸收大量的水可以屏蔽高温源，同时可以作为蒸发源以降低人体体表温度，且由这种类材料制成的服装透气、方便携带、可多次使用。如中国专利201510761229.1提供了一种防暑降温服，其降温模块包括支撑层、第一织物层、第二织物层，以及设置于第一织物层和第二织物层之间的吸水树脂颗粒层。这种做法相当于在降温服中设置了众多“口袋”将高吸水树脂颗粒进行封装，然而以目前的技术，高吸水树脂的重复使用不足，一般经历3～4次吸水-干燥的循环后，吸水倍率可下降40～50％以上，重复使用10次以上吸水倍率可降至10％以下，导致使用效果变差，且高吸水树脂与纤维的固结难度大，长期使用效果差。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明目的在于提供一种吸水絮片，本发明提供的吸水絮片吸水效果好，可长时间锁水，且可多次循环使用，使用寿命长。
本发明提供了一种吸水絮片，包括以下质量百分含量的纤维：
超吸水纤维 10～60％
支撑纤维 20～70％
低熔点粘合纤维 10～40％；
所述超吸水纤维为吸水率大于120倍以上的吸水纤维；
所述低熔点粘合纤维为在低于150℃条件下熔融并产生粘合的纤维；
所述吸水絮片的针刺密度为20～300刺/cm2。
优选地，所述超吸水纤维为为聚丙烯腈类、改性聚乙烯醇类、聚羧酸类超吸水纤维中的一种或几种。
优选地，所述支撑纤维为聚酯纤维、涤纶纤维、聚酰胺纤维、黏胶纤维、丙纶纤维和芳纶纤维中的一种或几种。
优选地，所述低熔点纤维为聚烯烃类低熔点纤维、聚酰胺类低熔点纤维、聚酯类低熔点纤维中的一种或几种。
优选地，所述吸水絮片的面密度为50～800g/m2。
本发明还提供了上述吸水絮片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)将超吸水纤维、支撑纤维和低熔点粘合纤维混合后依次进行开松、梳理和铺网，得到纤维网；
2)将步骤1)中得到的纤维网进行针刺加固，得到针刺无纺布；
3)将步骤2)得到的针刺无纺布进行热风穿透式处理得到吸水絮片；所述处理的温度为110～160℃，所述处理的时间为1～20min。
本发明还提供了上述吸水絮片在防暑降温服中的应用，所述吸水絮片设置于衣服母体内侧。
优选地，所述吸水絮片设置于衣服母体内侧的全部面积的10～100％。。
优选地，所述吸水絮片表面使用纺织品进行包覆。
有益技术效果：本发明提供了一种吸水絮片，包括以下质量百分含量的纤维：超吸水纤维10～60％；支撑纤维20～70％；低熔点粘合纤维10～40％；所述超吸水纤维为吸水率大于120倍以上的吸水纤维；所述低熔点粘合纤维为在低于150℃条件下熔融并产生粘合的纤维。本发明提供的吸水絮片中超吸水纤维被单根化分散于支撑纤维中，并通过针刺固网和低熔点纤维粘合固定，形成以支撑纤维为主体、低熔点粘结纤维为连接的稳固的纤维网，可避免超吸水纤维在吸水后相互粘结成块而降低其吸水性能，有效保护了超吸水纤维的稳定性，从而达到延长使用寿命的目的。本发明提供的吸水絮片吸水效果好，且可长时间锁水，在高温条件下达到降温效果的时长。实施例的数据表明，本发明提供的吸水絮片吸水倍率可达20～50倍，38～42℃的高温环境下可持续使用3～8小时，对其进行饱和吸水-干燥反复循环测试，测试72次后其吸水倍率仍可达到保持90％以上。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种吸水絮片，包括以下质量百分含量的纤维：
超吸水纤维 10～60％
支撑纤维 20～70％
低熔点粘合纤维 10～40％；
所述超吸水纤维为吸水率大于120倍以上的吸水纤维；
所述低熔点粘合纤维为在低于150℃条件下熔融并产生粘合的纤维；
所述吸水絮片的针刺密度为20～300刺/cm2。
在本发明中，所述超吸水纤维优选为为聚丙烯腈类、改性聚乙烯醇类、聚羧酸类超吸水纤维中的一种或几种，更优选为聚丙烯腈类超吸水纤维。
在本发明中，所述超吸水纤维保证了吸水絮片的高吸水率。
在本发明中，所述超吸水纤维的质量百分含量优选为10～60％。
在本发明中，所述超吸水纤维的吸水率优选为150-200倍。
在本发明中，所述超吸水纤维优选为英国Technical Absorbents公司“Oasis”纤维、美国Arco化学公司的“Fibersorb”纤维、日本东洋纺“Lanseal-F”纤维、日本的Belloasis以及国内的南通江潮纤维制品有限公司生产的“白兰”纤维。
本发明对超吸水纤维的直径和长度没有特殊限定，选用本领域技术人员熟知的直径和长度即可。
在本发明中，所述支撑纤维优选为聚酯纤维、涤纶纤维、聚酰胺纤维、黏胶纤维、丙纶纤维和芳纶纤维中的一种或几种，更优选为涤纶纤维、聚酰胺纤维或黏胶纤维。
在本发明中，所述支撑纤维的质量百分比优选为40～80％，更优选为50～70％。
在本发明中，当支撑纤维为几种纤维的混合纤维时，本发明对混合纤维中纤维的质量比没有特殊限定，以任意比例混合即可。
本发明对支撑纤维的来源、纤维的直径和长度没有特殊限定，选用市售商品以及本领域技术人员熟知的直径和长度即可。
在本发明中，所述低熔点粘合纤维的质量百分比优选为10～30％。在本发明中，所述低熔点粘合纤维优选为聚烯烃低熔点纤维、聚酰胺类低熔点纤维和聚酯类低熔点纤维，更优选为低熔点聚酯纤维。
在本发明中，所述低熔点粘合纤维优选为在130℃以下熔融并产生粘合的纤维。
在本发明中，所述低熔点纤维优选4080纤维、6080纤维、Melty纤维、ES纤维，更优选为4080纤维和ES纤维。
本发明对低熔点粘合纤维的长度和直径没有特殊限定，选用本领域技术人员熟知的长度和直径即可。
在本发明中，所述吸水絮片的面密度优选为50～800g/m2，更优选为180～500g/m2，最优选为220～340g/m2。
在本发明中，所述吸水絮片的针刺密度优选为30～180刺/cm2，更优选为40～120刺/cm2。
在本发明中，所述吸水絮片支撑纤维为主体、低熔点粘结纤维为连接的稳固的支撑网，有效保护超吸水纤维，同时可避免超吸水纤维在吸水后相互粘结成块而降低其吸水性能，从而达到延长使用寿命的目的。
本发明还提供了上述吸水絮片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)将超吸水纤维、支撑纤维和低熔点粘合纤维混合后依次进行开松、梳理和铺网，得到纤维网；
2)将步骤1)中得到的纤维网进行针刺加固，得到针刺无纺布；
3)将步骤2)得到的针刺无纺布进行热风穿透式处理得到吸水絮片；所述热风穿透式处理的温度为110～160℃，所述热风穿透式处理的时间为3～20min。
本发明将超吸水纤维、支撑纤维和低熔点粘合纤维混合后依次进行开松、梳理和铺网，得到纤维网。
本发明对开松、梳理、铺网的方法没有特殊限定，选用本领域技术人员熟知的方法即可。在本发明中，所述纤维网的面密度优选为50～800g/m2，更优选为180～500g/m2，最优选为220～340g/m2。
本发明对纤维的混合及开松、梳理、铺网方法没有特殊限定，选用本领域技术人员熟知混合方法即可。
得到纤维网后，本发明将得到的纤维网进行针刺加固，得到无纺布。
在本发明中，所述无纺布的针刺密度优选为20～300刺/cm2，更优选为30～180刺/m2，最优选为40～120刺/m2。
本发明对针刺加固的方法没有特殊限定选用本领域技术人员熟知的针刺加固方法即可。
得到针刺无纺布后，本发明将得到的针刺无纺布进行热风穿透式处理得到吸水絮片；所述热风穿透式处理的温度为110～160℃，所述热风穿透式处理的时间为1～20min。
在本发明中，所述热风穿透式处理的温度优选为120～150℃，更优选为130～140℃；所述热风穿透式处理的时间优选为2～15min，更优选为3～12min。
本发明采用针刺加固和热风穿透式处理的方法，可以将均匀分散于支撑纤维中的超吸水纤维分段粘结，形成以支撑纤维为主体、低熔点粘结纤维为连接的稳固的支撑网，有效保护超吸水纤维，同时可避免超吸水纤维在吸水后相互粘结成块而降低其吸水性能，从而达到延长使用寿命的目的。
本发明还提供了上述吸水絮片在防暑降温服中的应用，所述吸水絮片设置于衣服基体内侧。
在本发明中，所述吸水絮片优选设置于衣服基体内侧全部面积或部分面积。
在本发明中，所述吸水絮片优选以封装的方式设置于衣服基体内侧。
在本发明中，当水絮片优选设置于衣服基体内侧部分面积时，所述部分面积优选为基体内侧全部面积的20-60％，更优选为30-50％。
在本发明中，所述吸水絮片表面优选使用纺织品进行包覆。
在本发明中，所述纺织品优选为无纺布、粘合衬、纱网或网格布。
在本发明中，所述吸水絮片表面优选贴附高反射铝膜。
为了更好地理解本发明，下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容，但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
实施例1
将英国TechnicalAbsorbents公司的Oasis超吸水纤维、1.5dtex*38mm聚酯纤维和4080纤维分别以质量百分含量30％、60％和10％混合、开松、梳理、铺网后得到克重为240g/m2的纤维网，经针刺加固得到针刺无纺布，针刺密度为40刺/cm2；再进行120℃热风穿透式处理5min，得到高吸水降温絮片。利用增重率方法，即对比吸水前后的产品的质量增加倍率，测量其纯水吸水倍率可达到42倍，对其进行饱和吸水-干燥反复循环测试，测试72次后其吸水倍率仍可达到40倍，有非常好的重复使用性能。
将其用纱网包覆后与服装进行缝合，封装在衣服内胆中，覆盖整个背部，得到防暑降温服。将防暑降温服浸泡在水中1-2min中或直接将水浇注到有高吸水降温絮片部位使其饱和吸水后，手工拧去多余的水分即可穿着。由于高吸水降温絮片吸水后可有效阻隔阳光对皮肤的直晒作用，且水分的蒸发降温也有助于降低皮肤表面温度，穿着身上具有很好的凉爽功效，在户外穿着运动可保持6小时以上不干燥，持续保持凉爽的效果。
实施例2
将南通江潮纤维制品有限公司白兰SAF超吸水纤维、2dtex*51mm尼龙6纤维和聚酰胺低熔点Grilon纤维分别以质量百分含量20％、60％和20％混合、梳理、铺网后得到克重为400g/m2的纤维网，先经针刺加固，针刺密度为70刺/cm2，后再进行155℃热风穿透式处理7min，得到高吸水降温絮片。
利用增重率方法测量其纯水吸水倍率可达到33倍，对其进行饱和吸水-干燥反复循环测试，测试60次后其吸水倍率仍可达到29倍，有非常好的重复使用性能。
将其与服装进行缝合，封装在衣服背部内胆中，得到防暑降温服。将防暑降温服浸泡在水中2-3min中或直接将水浇注到有高吸水降温絮片部位使其饱和吸水后，手工拧去多余的水分即可穿着，穿着身上具有很好的凉爽功效，在户外穿着运动可保持4小时以上不干燥，持续保持凉爽的效果。
实施例3
将日本Lanseal-F超吸水纤维、丙纶纤维、抗菌粘胶纤维和ES纤维分别以质量百分含量40％、40％、5％和15％混合、梳理、铺网后得到克重为330g/m2的纤维网，先经针刺加固针刺密度为130刺/cm2，再进行120℃热风穿透式处理8min，得到高吸水降温絮片。
利用增重率方法测量其纯水吸水倍率可达到66倍，对其进行饱和吸水-干燥反复循环测试，测试80次后其吸水倍率仍可达到62倍，有非常好的重复使用性能。
将其一面贴附10g/m2的纺粘无纺布，一面利用磁控溅射方法镀上高反射铝膜后与服装进行缝合，封装在衣服内胆中，有高反射铝膜的一侧贴近人体皮肤侧，得到防暑降温服。将防暑降温服浸泡在水中2-3min中或直接将水浇注到有高吸水降温絮片部位使其饱和吸水后，手工拧去多余的水分即可穿着，穿着身上具有很好的凉爽功效，在户外穿着运动可保持8小时以上不干燥，持续保持凉爽的效果。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种吸水絮片，包括以下质量百分含量的纤维：
超吸水纤维 10～60％
支撑纤维 20～70％
低熔点粘合纤维 10～40％；
所述超吸水纤维为吸水率大于200倍以上的吸水纤维；
所述低熔点粘合纤维为在130℃以下熔融并产生粘合的纤维；
所述吸水絮片的针刺密度为20～300刺/cm2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸水絮片，其特征在于，所述超吸水纤维为为聚丙烯腈类、改性聚乙烯醇类、聚羧酸类超吸水纤维中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的吸水絮片，其特征在于，所述支撑纤维为聚酯纤维、涤纶纤维、聚酰胺纤维、黏胶纤维、丙纶纤维和芳纶纤维中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的吸水絮片，其特征在于，所述低熔点纤维为聚烯烃低熔点纤维、聚酰胺类低熔点纤维和聚酯类低熔点纤维中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的吸水絮片，其特征在于，所述吸水絮片的面密度为50～800g/m2。
6.权利要求1～5任意一项所述的吸水絮片的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
1)将超吸水纤维、支撑纤维和低熔点粘合纤维混合后依次进行开松、梳理和铺网，得到纤维网；
2)将所述步骤1)得到的纤维网进行针刺加固，得到针刺无纺布；
3)将所述步骤2)得到的针刺无纺布进行热风穿透式处理，得到吸水絮片；所述热风穿透式处理的温度为110～160℃，所述热风穿透式处理的时间为1～20min。
7.权利要求1～5任意一项所述的吸水絮片或权利要求6所述制备方法制备得到的吸水絮片在防暑降温服中的应用，其特征在于，所述吸水絮片设置于衣服基体内侧。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用，其特征在于，所述吸水絮片占衣服基体内侧的全部面10～100％。
9.据权利要求7所述的应用，其特征在于，所述吸水絮片的表面使用纺织品进行包覆。
10.根据权利要求7所述的应用，其特征在于，所述吸水絮片的表面帖附高反射铝膜。
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