CN111996668A - 一种高吸水非织造材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高吸水非织造材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111996668A
CN111996668A CN202010895399.XA CN202010895399A CN111996668A CN 111996668 A CN111996668 A CN 111996668A CN 202010895399 A CN202010895399 A CN 202010895399A CN 111996668 A CN111996668 A CN 111996668A
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water absorption
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庄旭品
崔金冉
朱红宝
程博闻
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Tianjin Polytechnic University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高吸水非织造材料的制备方法，属于高吸水非纺织材料研究领域；本发明所提出一种高吸水非织造材料的制备方法将超吸水纤维、支撑纤维和低熔点粘合纤维混合后依次进行开松、梳理和铺网，得到纤维网；再将得到的纤维网进行针刺加固，得到针刺无纺布；对得到的针刺无纺布进行热风穿透式处理，得到高吸水无纺布；配制表面交联剂，将表面交联剂均匀喷洒于超吸水纤维表面，最后通过苯硼酸基团与表面交联剂中的苯硼酸基团与邻苯二酚基团或顺式二羟基之间的缩合作用，使表面交联剂在高吸水无纺布上形成具有自愈性的凝胶，进而得到高吸水非纺织材料；本发明中所提及制备方法能够制取吸水性更好且可多次循环重复使用的高吸水非纺织材料。

Description

一种高吸水非织造材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及高吸水非纺织材料研究领域，尤其涉及一种高吸水非织造材料的制备方法。
背景技术
近些年来，具有高吸水倍率的面料或絮片等得到了防暑降温服开发的重视，这类材料使用简单方便，不需要制冷设备对材料进行降温处理，通过材料吸收大量的水可以屏蔽高温源，同时可以作为蒸发源以降低人体体表温度，且由这种类材料制成的服装透气、方便携带、可多次使用。
如中国专利201510761229.1提供了一种防暑降温服，其降温模块包括支撑层、第一织物层、第二织物层，以及设置于第一织物层和第二织物层之间的吸水树脂颗粒层。这种做法相当于在降温服中设置了众多“口袋”将高吸水树脂颗粒进行封装，然而以目前的技术，高吸水树脂的重复使用不足，一般经历3-4次吸水-干燥的循环后，吸水倍率可下降40-50％以上，重复使用10次以上吸水倍率可降至10％以下，导致使用效果变差，且高吸水树脂与纤维的固结难度大，长期使用效果差，为了解决上述问题，我们提出了一种高吸水非织造材料的制备方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是设计一种具有更好的吸水性，能够长时间锁水且可以多次重复循环使用的高吸水非纺织材料的制备方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用了如下技术方案：
一种高吸水非织造材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤；
S1、制备纤维网：将超吸水纤维、支撑纤维和低熔点粘合纤维混合后依次进行开松、梳理和铺网，得到纤维网；
S2、纤维网加固：将所述S1中得到的纤维网进行针刺加固，得到针刺无纺布；
S3、热风穿透处理：将所述S2中得到的针刺无纺布进行热风穿透式处理，得到高吸水无纺布；
S4、配制表面交联剂：将3-羧基苯硼酸与胱胺在EDC/NHS耦合作用下经过一步反应得到表面交联剂；
S5、辐射交联：将表面交联剂均匀喷洒于超吸水纤维表面，控制喷洒量占纤维质量的20-40％；
S6、缩合制备：通过苯硼酸基团与表面交联剂中的苯硼酸基团与邻苯二酚基团或顺式二羟基之间的缩合作用，使表面交联剂在高吸水无纺布上形成具有自愈性的凝胶，进而得到高吸水非纺织材料。
优选的，所述超吸水纤维为吸水率大于200倍以上的吸水纤维，所述超吸水纤维为聚丙烯腈类、改性聚乙烯醇类、聚羧酸类超吸水纤维中的一种或几种。
优选的，所述支撑纤维为聚酯纤维、涤纶纤维、聚酰胺纤维、黏胶纤维、丙纶纤维和芳纶纤维中的一种或几种。
优选的，所述低熔点粘合纤维为在130℃以下熔融并产生粘合的纤维，所述低熔点纤维为聚烯烃低熔点纤维、聚酰胺类低熔点纤维和聚酯类低熔点纤维中的一种或几种。
优选的，所述热风穿透式处理的温度为110～160℃，所述热风穿透式处理的时间为1～20min。
优选的，所述S4-S6中所提及的表面交联剂中具有苯硼酸基团，苯硼酸基团可与顺式邻二羟基或二元醇化合物在碱性环境下生成动态可逆硼酸酯键，动态可逆硼酸酯键在碱性条件下稳定，酸性条件下发生可逆性水解，利用这一特点可实现pH的敏感性。
优选的，所述苯硼酸上的硼酸基团与葡萄糖上的顺式邻二羟基和多巴胺上的顺式邻二羟基发生竞争反应，可以实现葡萄糖敏感性。
优选的，所述S4-S6中所提及的表面交联剂中还含有具有还原性的二硫键，利用这一性质，可以实现氧化还原敏感性。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供了一种高吸水非织造材料的制备方法，具备以下有益效果：
(1)本发明提供的高吸水非纺织材料中超吸水纤维被单根化分散于支撑纤维中，并通过针刺固网和低熔点纤维粘合固定，形成以支撑纤维为主体、低熔点粘结纤维为连接的稳固的纤维网，可避免超吸水纤维在吸水后相互粘结成块而降低其吸水性能，有效保护了超吸水纤维的稳定性。
(2)本发明中所提出的高吸水非纺织材料表明辐射交联有表面交联剂，本发明中的表面交联剂具有pH的敏感性、葡萄糖敏感性和氧化还原敏感性，该交联剂的制备简便、经济，工艺反应条件温和，过程简单，产物分离提纯也较容易，通过这种简单的交联剂，就可以制备pH、葡萄糖、还原三重敏感的凝胶，而具有pH、葡萄糖、还原三重敏感的凝胶自愈合能力较强，从而能够更好的保证本发明中所设计的高吸水非纺织材料能够时间多次循环使用，能够更好的保证其吸水性。
附图说明
图1为本发明提出的一种高吸水非织造材料的制备方法的方法流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例1：
请参阅图1，一种高吸水非织造材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤；
S1、制备纤维网：将超吸水纤维、支撑纤维和低熔点粘合纤维混合后依次进行开松、梳理和铺网，得到纤维网；
S2、纤维网加固：将S1中得到的纤维网进行针刺加固，得到针刺无纺布；
S3、热风穿透处理：将S2中得到的针刺无纺布进行热风穿透式处理，得到高吸水无纺布；
S4、配制表面交联剂：将3-羧基苯硼酸与胱胺在EDC/NHS耦合作用下经过一步反应得到表面交联剂；
S5、辐射交联：将表面交联剂均匀喷洒于超吸水纤维表面，控制喷洒量占纤维质量的20-40％；
S6、缩合制备：通过苯硼酸基团与表面交联剂中的苯硼酸基团与邻苯二酚基团或顺式二羟基之间的缩合作用，使表面交联剂在高吸水无纺布上形成具有自愈性的凝胶，进而得到高吸水非纺织材料。
超吸水纤维为吸水率大于200倍以上的吸水纤维，超吸水纤维为聚丙烯腈类、改性聚乙烯醇类、聚羧酸类超吸水纤维中的一种或几种。
支撑纤维为聚酯纤维、涤纶纤维、聚酰胺纤维、黏胶纤维、丙纶纤维和芳纶纤维中的一种或几种。
低熔点粘合纤维为在130℃以下熔融并产生粘合的纤维，低熔点纤维为聚烯烃低熔点纤维、聚酰胺类低熔点纤维和聚酯类低熔点纤维中的一种或几种。
热风穿透式处理的温度为110～160℃，热风穿透式处理的时间为1～20min。
本发明提供的高吸水非纺织材料中超吸水纤维被单根化分散于支撑纤维中，并通过针刺固网和低熔点纤维粘合固定，形成以支撑纤维为主体、低熔点粘结纤维为连接的稳固的纤维网，可避免超吸水纤维在吸水后相互粘结成块而降低其吸水性能，有效保护了超吸水纤维的稳定性。
实施例2：
基于实施例1但有所不同之处在于,S4-S6中所提及的表面交联剂中具有苯硼酸基团，苯硼酸基团可与顺式邻二羟基或二元醇化合物在碱性环境下生成动态可逆硼酸酯键，动态可逆硼酸酯键在碱性条件下稳定，酸性条件下发生可逆性水解，利用这一特点可实现pH的敏感性。
苯硼酸上的硼酸基团与葡萄糖上的顺式邻二羟基和多巴胺上的顺式邻二羟基发生竞争反应，可以实现葡萄糖敏感性。
S4-S6中所提及的表面交联剂中还含有具有还原性的二硫键，利用这一性质，可以实现氧化还原敏感性。
本发明中所提出的高吸水非纺织材料表明辐射交联有表面交联剂，本发明中的表面交联剂具有pH的敏感性、葡萄糖敏感性和氧化还原敏感性，该交联剂的制备简便、经济，工艺反应条件温和，过程简单，产物分离提纯也较容易，通过这种简单的交联剂，就可以制备pH、葡萄糖、还原三重敏感的凝胶，而具有pH、葡萄糖、还原三重敏感的凝胶自愈合能力较强，从而能够更好的保证本发明中所设计的高吸水非纺织材料能够时间多次循环使用，能够更好的保证其吸水性。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种高吸水非织造材料的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤；
S1、制备纤维网：将超吸水纤维、支撑纤维和低熔点粘合纤维混合后依次进行开松、梳理和铺网，得到纤维网；
S2、纤维网加固：将所述S1中得到的纤维网进行针刺加固，得到针刺无纺布；
S3、热风穿透处理：将所述S2中得到的针刺无纺布进行热风穿透式处理，得到高吸水无纺布；
S4、配制表面交联剂：将3-羧基苯硼酸与胱胺在EDC/NHS耦合作用下经过一步反应得到表面交联剂；
S5、辐射交联：将表面交联剂均匀喷洒于超吸水纤维表面，控制喷洒量占纤维质量的20-40％；
S6、缩合制备：通过苯硼酸基团与表面交联剂中的苯硼酸基团与邻苯二酚基团或顺式二羟基之间的缩合作用，使表面交联剂在高吸水无纺布上形成具有自愈性的凝胶，进而得到高吸水非纺织材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种高吸水非织造材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述超吸水纤维为吸水率大于200倍以上的吸水纤维，所述超吸水纤维为聚丙烯腈类、改性聚乙烯醇类、聚羧酸类超吸水纤维中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种高吸水非织造材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述支撑纤维为聚酯纤维、涤纶纤维、聚酰胺纤维、黏胶纤维、丙纶纤维和芳纶纤维中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种高吸水非织造材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述低熔点粘合纤维为在130℃以下熔融并产生粘合的纤维，所述低熔点纤维为聚烯烃低熔点纤维、聚酰胺类低熔点纤维和聚酯类低熔点纤维中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种高吸水非织造材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述热风穿透式处理的温度为110～160℃，所述热风穿透式处理的时间为1～20min。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种高吸水非织造材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述S4-S6中所提及的表面交联剂中具有苯硼酸基团，苯硼酸基团可与顺式邻二羟基或二元醇化合物在碱性环境下生成动态可逆硼酸酯键，动态可逆硼酸酯键在碱性条件下稳定，酸性条件下发生可逆性水解，利用这一特点可实现pH的敏感性。
7.根据权利要求6所述一种高吸水非织造材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述苯硼酸上的硼酸基团与葡萄糖上的顺式邻二羟基和多巴胺上的顺式邻二羟基发生竞争反应，可以实现葡萄糖敏感性。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种高吸水非织造材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述S4-S6中所提及的表面交联剂中还含有具有还原性的二硫键，利用这一性质，可以实现氧化还原敏感性。
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