CN111991606A - 一种微纳米海藻酸盐纤维敷料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种微纳米海藻酸盐纤维敷料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种微纳米海藻酸盐纤维敷料，依次包括微纳米海藻酸盐纤维层、吸湿无纺布层、聚丙烯熔喷布层和无纺布面层，所述微纳米海藻酸盐纤维层是由纤维尺寸在微米至纳米级别的海藻酸钠溶液按微米至纳米级别的空隙尺寸纺丝并与含钙离子或锶离子溶液交联固化而成。由于微纳米海藻酸盐纤维层的微纳米结构以及聚丙烯熔喷布的使用，使该敷料与市面海藻酸敷料产品相比，具有更高效率的吸液性能与细菌阻隔性能（因为绝大多数细菌的直径大小在0.5~5μm之间，故材料的微纳米结构具备了对细菌的阻隔性能），且由于采用了复合结构，相比同等吸液性能的市面海藻酸敷料，可使用更少量的海藻酸盐材料，成本更低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医用物料技术领域，特别涉及一种微纳米海藻酸盐纤维敷料，以及其制备方法。
背景技术
海藻酸盐医用敷料的主要成份为海藻酸盐，是在海藻中提取的天然多糖碳水化合物，为一种天然纤维素。该医用敷料接触到伤口渗出液后，能形成柔软的凝胶，为伤口愈合提供理想的湿润环境，促进伤口愈合，缓解伤口疼痛，减少疤痕形成。同时兼具安全无毒、高吸湿性、止血性、成胶性。
然而现有的海藻酸盐纤维敷料的制备方法较为简陋，主要通过海藻酸钠水溶液与含有钙离子或锶离子的溶液进行交联，获得不溶于水的海藻酸盐，洗净后破碎成海藻酸盐短纤维料，在通过压制等方式成型。这样制得的海藻酸盐纤维敷料内部结构混乱，孔隙率及纤维形状均无法控制。当孔隙率过小，则其能够锁定的液体量会缩小；当孔隙率过大，则外界的细菌等有害物质有可能能够穿过敷料进入伤口。
发明内容
本发明针对上述问题，提供一种微纳米海藻酸盐纤维敷料，以解决现有技术中所存在的一个或多个技术问题，至少提供一种有益的选择或创造条件。
一种微纳米海藻酸盐纤维敷料，依次包括微纳米海藻酸盐纤维层、吸湿无纺布层、聚丙烯熔喷布层和无纺布面层，所述微纳米海藻酸盐纤维层的纤维尺寸为0.1 μm~5 μm，所述微纳米海藻酸盐纤维层的孔隙尺寸为0.1 μm~5 μm。
进一步，所述吸湿无纺布层与所述聚丙烯熔喷布层通过点粘合方式热压复合而成。
进一步，所述聚丙烯熔喷布层和所述无纺布面层之间还设有胶粘层。所述胶粘层由医用丙烯酸酯粘胶固化而成。微纳米海藻酸盐纤维层、吸湿无纺布层、聚丙烯熔喷布层共同组成复合物B，所述无纺布面层及胶粘层的面积大于复合物B，且在复合物B四周边缘延伸出0.5cm以上的留边区域，使得其整体可以成为直接覆盖患者创口并粘附创口外周皮肤的医疗用品。
另一方面，本发明还提供了上述微纳米海藻酸盐纤维敷料的制备方法，具体包括步骤：
1）以吸湿无纺布层为纺丝的接收基布，采用海藻酸钠溶液按微米至纳米级别的纤维尺寸与空隙尺寸在吸湿无纺布层上进行纺丝，并将吸湿无纺布层浸入含钙离子或锶离子的溶液中，使海藻酸钠溶液与含有钙离子或锶离子的溶液交联并固化在吸湿无纺布层上，得到复合物A；
2）将复合物A的吸湿无纺布层与聚丙烯熔喷布层叠合，通过点粘合的方式进行热压复合，得到复合物B；
3）将复合物B的聚丙烯熔喷布层通过胶粘剂与无纺布面层复合，经消毒、包装后即得微纳米海藻酸盐纤维敷料。
其中，步骤1）所述纺丝是由离心纺丝、液喷纺丝、气泡纺丝或微流体纺丝实现。为降低微纳米级别的纺丝成型难度，所述海藻酸钠溶液中还包括添加剂，所述添加剂选自聚乙烯醇、聚氧化乙烯、明胶、果胶、卡拉胶、羧甲基纤维素、壳聚糖中的一种或任意组合；优选地，所述海藻酸钠溶液中还包括共溶剂DMSO与非离子表面活性剂Trition X-100。
进一步，步骤2）所述吸湿无纺布层的原料选自粘胶纤维、羧甲基纤维素纤维、壳聚糖纤维、维纶纤维中的一种或任意组合。其制备方法可以有多种实现方式，例如：经混合、梳理、成网、铺网、预湿、水刺、烘燥、卷绕；或是，混合、梳理、成网、铺网、预针刺、主针刺、卷绕。
进一步，步骤2）所述聚丙烯熔喷布层的制备方法包括步骤：聚合物熔融、过滤、计量、喷丝、接收成网、自粘合固结。
本发明与现有技术相比具有优点：
由于微纳米海藻酸盐纤维层的微纳米结构以及聚丙烯熔喷布的使用，使该敷料与市面海藻酸敷料产品相比，具有更高效率的吸液性能与细菌阻隔性能（因为绝大多数细菌的直径大小在0.5~5μm之间，故材料的微纳米结构具备了对细菌的阻隔性能），且由于采用了复合结构，相比同等吸液性能的市面海藻酸敷料，可使用更少量的海藻酸盐材料，成本更低。无纺布面层可以进行防水处理，使得聚丙烯熔喷布层不易被外界环境的水分子破坏其静电吸附细菌的功能，有效延长其使用寿命。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单说明。显然，所描述的附图只是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例，本领域的技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他设计方案和附图。
图1是实施例1所述微纳米海藻酸盐纤维敷料的结构示意图；
图2是实施例2所述微纳米海藻酸盐纤维敷料的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，若干的含义是一个或者多个，多个的含义是两个以上，大于、小于、超过等理解为不包括本数，以上、以下、以内等理解为包括本数。如果有描述到第一、第二只是用于区分技术特征为目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的先后关系。
本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的限定，设置、安装、连接等词语应做广义理解，所属技术领域技术人员可以结合技术方案的具体内容合理确定上述词语在本发明中的具体含义。
实施例1，一种微纳米海藻酸盐纤维敷料。具体包括步骤：
1）以吸湿无纺布层为纺丝的接收基布，使用微流体纺丝技术，海藻酸钠溶液在吸湿无纺布层上进行纺丝，令微纳米海藻酸盐纤维层的纤维尺寸为0.1 μm~5 μm、孔隙尺寸为0.1μm~5 μm，并将吸湿无纺布层浸入含钙离子或锶离子的溶液中，使海藻酸钠溶液与含有钙离子或锶离子的溶液交联并固化在吸湿无纺布层上，得到复合物A；
2）将复合物A的吸湿无纺布层与聚丙烯熔喷布层叠合，通过点粘合的方式进行热压复合，得到复合物B；
3）将复合物B的聚丙烯熔喷布层通过胶粘剂与无纺布面层复合，经消毒、包装后即得微纳米海藻酸盐纤维敷料。
制得的敷料如图1所示，依次包括微纳米海藻酸盐纤维层001、吸湿无纺布层002、聚丙烯熔喷布层003和无纺布面层004，所述微纳米海藻酸盐纤维层001是由纤维尺寸在微米至纳米级别的海藻酸钠溶液按微米至纳米级别的空隙尺寸纺丝并与含钙离子或锶离子溶液交联固化而成。所述吸湿无纺布层002与所述聚丙烯熔喷布层003通过点粘合方式热压复合而成。聚丙烯熔喷布层003和无纺布面层004之间可以通过超声热压等方式实现复合。
作为进一步的实施，步骤1）所述海藻酸钠溶液中含有聚乙烯醇、DMSO与TritionX-100。
作为进一步的实施，步骤2）所述吸湿无纺布层的原料选自羧甲基纤维素纤维和壳聚糖纤维的组合。其经过混合、梳理、成网、铺网、预湿、水刺、烘燥、卷绕的工艺步骤制成。所述聚丙烯熔喷布层的制备步骤包括：聚合物熔融、过滤、计量、喷丝、接收成网、自粘合固结。
实施例2，一种微纳米海藻酸盐纤维敷料，如图2所示。其与实施例1的区别在于，所述聚丙烯熔喷布层003和所述无纺布面层004之间还设有胶粘层005。所述胶粘层005由医用丙烯酸酯粘胶固化而成。微纳米海藻酸盐纤维层001、吸湿无纺布层002、聚丙烯熔喷布层003共同组成复合物B，所述无纺布面层004及胶粘层005的面积大于复合物B，且在复合物B四周边缘延伸出0.5cm以上的留边区域，使得其整体可以成为直接覆盖患者创口并粘附创口外周皮肤的医疗用品。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但是本发明不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种微纳米海藻酸盐纤维敷料，其特征在于，依次包括微纳米海藻酸盐纤维层、吸湿无纺布层、聚丙烯熔喷布层和无纺布面层，所述微纳米海藻酸盐纤维层的纤维尺寸为0.1 μm~5 μm，所述微纳米海藻酸盐纤维层的孔隙尺寸为0.1 μm~5 μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的微纳米海藻酸盐纤维敷料，其特征在于，所述吸湿无纺布层与所述聚丙烯熔喷布层通过点粘合方式热压复合而成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的微纳米海藻酸盐纤维敷料，其特征在于，所述聚丙烯熔喷布层和所述无纺布面层之间还设有胶粘层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的微纳米海藻酸盐纤维敷料，其特征在于，所述胶粘层由医用丙烯酸酯粘胶固化而成。
5.一种微纳米海藻酸盐纤维敷料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：
1）以吸湿无纺布层为纺丝的接收基布，采用海藻酸钠溶液按微米至纳米级别的纤维尺寸与空隙尺寸在吸湿无纺布层上进行纺丝，并将吸湿无纺布层浸入含钙离子或锶离子的溶液中，使海藻酸钠溶液与含有钙离子或锶离子的溶液交联并固化在吸湿无纺布层上，得到复合物A；
2）将复合物A的吸湿无纺布层与聚丙烯熔喷布层叠合，通过点粘合的方式进行热压复合，得到复合物B；
3）将复合物B的聚丙烯熔喷布层通过胶粘剂与无纺布面层复合，经消毒、包装后即得微纳米海藻酸盐纤维敷料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述纺丝是由离心纺丝、液喷纺丝、气泡纺丝或微流体纺丝实现。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述海藻酸钠溶液中还包括添加剂，所述添加剂选自聚乙烯醇、聚氧化乙烯、明胶、果胶、卡拉胶、羧甲基纤维素、壳聚糖中的一种或任意组合；优选地，所述海藻酸钠溶液中还包括共溶剂DMSO与非离子表面活性剂Trition X-100。
8.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述吸湿无纺布层的原料选自粘胶纤维、羧甲基纤维素纤维、壳聚糖纤维、维纶纤维中的一种或任意组合。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述吸湿无纺布层的制备方法包括步骤：
a）混合、梳理、成网、铺网、预湿、水刺、烘燥、卷绕；或是，
b）混合、梳理、成网、铺网、预针刺、主针刺、卷绕。
10.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述聚丙烯熔喷布层的制备方法包括步骤：聚合物熔融、过滤、计量、喷丝、接收成网、自粘合固结。
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