CN1086539A - 含有多羟基脂肪酸酰胺的液体组合物 - Google Patents

含有多羟基脂肪酸酰胺的液体组合物 Download PDF

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CN1086539A
CN1086539A CN93119111.4A CN93119111A CN1086539A CN 1086539 A CN1086539 A CN 1086539A CN 93119111 A CN93119111 A CN 93119111A CN 1086539 A CN1086539 A CN 1086539A
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A·D·布莱克
J·P·R·盖登斯
J·-P·布蒂克
P·F·A·德尔普朗克
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Abstract

用于洗涤剂组合物的液体预混物，含至少40 重％的上式的多羟基脂肪酸酰胺，其中R是C5—C31 烃基，优选有链C7—C19烷或烯基，R1是C1—C4烃 基，Z是带直链烃链的多羟基烃基，至少2个羟基直 接连于该链上，还含有效量的硼酸盐，其得自任何适 宜的硼酸根官能物质，用以在该预混物于20℃贮存 至少2星期中防止结晶和/或沉淀。

Description

本发明涉及与制造洗涤剂组合物有关的方法改进，特别是洗衣及餐具洗涤剂。
制造厂家发现，要求以各式操作技术为新型洗衣洗涤剂组合物中加入数目不等的洗涤成分和美观成分。例如，某些敏感性成分如酶和香精可以干混法加入，或者喷到颗粒成品上。液体洗涤剂的配制可遇到各式分批或连续工艺，其中可能包括各种加溶、混合、pH调整等步骤。这些步骤在洗涤剂工业中已很成熟和普遍，目前应用的有各式分批式、连续式以及连续/分批混合方式应用于洗涤剂组合物的制造。
根据制造方法，洗涤剂组合物类型以及所用设备，制造厂家可能要采用液状的各种成分作为原料溶液。在配制液体洗涤剂时尤其如此。一般，液状洗涤成分含有水或水-醇作为液化介质，可将所要的成分溶解于其中，或于其中成浆液。
虽然洗涤成分多是水溶的，但本领域皆知，有些表面活性剂在水中浓度大时是很粘稠液体，甚至是膏状或凝胶状。在工厂中，这样的粘稠物料很难操作。其中一个简单解决办法是使用基本上干的、固态的表面活性剂，或使用更稀释的、易于操作的流动性物料，或者将之加热使之有流动性。
然而，当制造厂家希望使用高浓度、稳定的、流动状表面活性剂时，有利的作法是将这些液体调整到易于操作、特别是能够用通常的泵送设备来泵送。另方面，不希望向这些含表面活性剂的液体中加入那些在成品洗涤剂组合物中不许可的成分，因为若是这样作，则还要增添一道工序去除掉那些不希望的或分。
多羟基脂肪酸酰胺是一类表面活性剂，目前正在研究用于洗涤剂组合物中。此类表面活性剂的一个问题是它们的浓水溶液在贮存中要沉淀和/或胶凝，甚致温度较高（35-60℃）也如此。此外，此类酰胺表面活性剂的低温贮存十分重要，因为它们的温度高时易降解，即酰胺键水解而成为胺和脂肪酸。低于35℃贮存时，多羟基脂肪酸酰胺的降解可略而不计，即每年少于5-10%，但温度高时则十分明显，50℃达到每月约10%，60℃每月约20-25%。
由于上述原因，本发明提供了一种制备贮存稳定的、可泵送的组合物的方法，该组合物中含有较高浓度的多羟基脂肪酸酰胺表面活性剂。另外，本发明提供这样的液体组合物，其中所用成分或是对成品洗涤剂组合物无害的，或是可对成品组合物提供有益效果。因此而不需将这些成分除掉。
多羟基脂肪酸酰胺的制造，先有技术已有披露。例如以下文献：US  2016962，Flint等，1935，10，8;US  1985424，Diggott，1934，12，25;US  2703798，Schwartz，1955，3，8;US  2993887，Zech，1961，7，25;Hildreth，Biochem.J.1982，vol  207，pp  363-6;Thomas  Hedley  &  Co.Ltd.（现在的普罗格特一甘布尔公司），GB  809060，1959，2，18;EP-A-285768，1988，12，10（US  5009814）;H.Kelkenberg，Tenside  Surfactants  Detergents，25（1988）8-13。
DE  3916628，1990，11，11，描述了含各种多元醇和硼酸盐（形成硼酸盐）的组合物。其目的是为表面活性剂溶液提供增稠剂。
Wo  9206154，1992，4，6，描述了含多羟基脂肪酸酰胺和酶的组合物，其中还含硼酸盐作为酶的稳定剂，但此组合物中表面活性剂浓度一般均很低。
Wo  9206984，1992，4，30，描述了在一种溶剂存在下制备脂肪酸酰胺的制备方法，达到高收率，并且不良杂质含量低。由此法制备的高活性物表面活性剂在约30-50℃即固化或胶凝。
本发明的目的是提供一种高浓度的预混物，其中多羟基脂肪酸酰胺含量至少40%，优选至少60%，其由于存在一种硼酸根官能物质而稳定于液体状态。
本发明目的还包括提供所述的预混物，它不易发生水解降解，并且可以在35℃或以下贮存、输送和操作，不会沉淀、结晶、固化或胶凝。
本发明涉及一种用于洗涤剂组合物的液体预混物，其包含至少40%（重）的如下式的多羟基脂肪酸酰胺
Figure 931191114_IMG3
其中是C5-C31烃基，优选直链C7-C19烷基或烯基，R1是C1-C4烃基，Z是具有直链烃链的多羟基烃基，链上直接连接有至少二个羟基，还包含有效量的硼酸盐，其得自任何适用的硼酸根官能物质，它可使该液体预混物在20℃贮存至少2个星期而不结晶和/或沉淀。
本发明提供多羟基脂肪酸酰胺的浓混合物，其可以在低于35℃，优选约20-30℃以稳定的液态贮存，并且可以泵送。
本发明的预混物可用于多种产品，特别是洗涤剂产品，例如浓的洗衣液体及颗粒产品。该预混物特别适用于加工浓的洗衣液体洗涤剂，即配方成品中要求水含量低的情况。
以下所述内容中，所有百分率、比率、比例均为按重量计，特别说明者除外。
此处提到的“浓混合物”是指多羟基脂肪酸酰胺一般为至少40%（重），优选50-80%（重），最优选60-75%（重）。
所说“可泵送”是指粘度低于约20000mPa.s，优选低于约12000mPa.s。
使用Brookfield粘度计DV  Ⅱ型（以Thermosel  System）测定粘度。于20℃贮存中测定该体系的粘度，以评价其稳定性。
此处所说“稳定液体”是指均质的、流动的、非双折射的液体。此可利用偏振光由目测来估测，并利用偏振光显微镜来确定。样品在用肉眼观察时，应当无结晶或沉淀。
此处所说硼酸盐物料的“有效量”是指其量可保持该预混物为一稳定液体并使预混物粘度在所要的范围，即低于约20000mPa.s。一般，约3-30%硼酸盐已足，优选约5-10%。
本发明的关键优点是多羧基脂肪酸酰胺表面活性剂可于较低温度以浓的相稳定的液体形式贮存。相稳定性十分重要，因为含水多羟基脂肪酸体系在贮存中的主要问题之一是它们趋向于沉淀和/或胶凝，即使在较高温度（达60℃）亦如此。
多羟基脂肪酸酰胺
本发明所用的多羟基脂肪酸酰胺如下式：
Figure 931191114_IMG4
其中R是C5-C31烃基，优选直链C7-C19烷基或烯基。
R1是C1-C4烃基，
Z是具有链烃链的多羟基烃基，并具有至少2个优选至少3个直接连接到该链上的羟基。优选该多羟基烃基部分是得自糖类，如葡萄糖。
该多羟基脂肪酸酰胺可任何适宜方法制备。一种优选方法见之于WO  9206984。由该方法可以制得含约95%多羟基脂肪酸酰胺、不希望的杂质如脂肪酸酯和环状酰胺含量很低，并且其熔融温度一般高于约80℃的产品。
硼酸根官能物质
此中所用的硼酸根官能物质可以是硼砂或硼酸或其一种盐，或它们的混合物。优选的盐是四硼酸或偏硼酸的碱金属盐或烷醇胺盐。最优选的是四硼酸钠、单乙醇胺硼酸盐和硼砂。
所述硼酸根官能物质可以先制成有机溶剂浆液，或溶解在水中，然后与多羟基脂肪酸酰胺混合。一种优选方法是先将硼酸根官能物质与乙醇或1，2-丙二醇混合，然后加入到熔融的多羟基脂肪酸酰胺中，然后使得预混物冷却到所要的贮存温度。
且不论所涉及的理论，相信硼酸根官能物质与多羟基脂肪酸酰胺的羟基形成复合物，从而在20℃至35℃不致于固化或胶凝。优选，多羟基脂肪酸酰胺对含硼化合物（以H3BO3形式）的摩尔比为4∶1至1∶1，更优选为约2∶1。
溶剂
优选，该液体预混物还含有有机溶剂，以保持其可泵送状态。特别适用的有机溶剂是醇类如乙醇、1，2-丙二醇，以及它们的混合物。醇的含量优选为1-40%（重，按预混物计），更优选为10-25%。
水解
业已测得，该酰胺于35℃的水解降解一般是每个月的酰胺含量下降约4%。然而，本发明的预混物可以贮存于20℃，在此温度，酰胺含量的每月减少为小于1%。
成品组合物
本发明的预混物适用于广泛的洗涤剂产品，特别适用于浓的、液体的洗衣用洗涤剂。在此一用途中，该预混物与下列选出的一种或多种组分混合：阴离子、阳离子、非离子、两性离子、两性表面活性剂，脂肪酸、柠檬酸以及其他助洗剂，螯合剂，漂白剂，漂白活化剂，酶，泡沫抑制剂，污垢去除聚合物以及其他已知的用于此等洗涤剂的成分。
实例1
将1kg硼酸粉末在3.65kg 1，2-丙二醇中制成浆液，然后与13kg熔化的c12直链羧酸葡糖酰胺（95%活性物）混合，令其冷却至20℃。
所得预混物含70%（重）的多羟基脂肪酸酰胺，是一种粘稠液体。
实例2
将1kg硼砂粉末在2kg 1，2-丙二醇中制成浆液，然后与8.4kg熔化的C12直链羟酸葡糖酰胺（95%活性物）混合，使之冷却到20℃。
实例3
将1kg单乙醇胺-硼酸盐溶液在1.85kg 1，2-丙二醇中制成浆液，然后与8kg熔化的C12直链羧酸葡糖酰胺（95%活性物）混合，冷却到20℃。
（本例的硼酸盐溶液是将21%单乙醇胺、63%硼酸和16%水混合而制成）。
实例4
重复实施例1-3，但其中1，2-丙二醇的一半用乙醇替代。
实例5
重复实例1-3，但将所得的预混物进一步用水稀释使其多羟基脂肪酸酰胺活性物含量成为50%和60%。
实施例1-5所得的各预混物，都是粘稠液体，于20℃可以保持稳定至少2星期。

Claims (10)

1、一种应用于洗涤剂组合物的液体预混物，其中包含至少40%(重量)的如下式的多羟基脂肪酸酰胺：
其中R是C5-C31烃基，优选是直链C7-C19烷基或烯基，
R1是C1-C4烃基，
Z是多羟基烃基，其具有直链烃链，链上直接连接有至少二个羟基，
其特征在于，该液体预混物还含有有效量的硼酸盐，其得自任何适宜的硼酸根官能物质，使得该液体预混物于20℃贮存至少2星期保持为稳定、均质的液体。
2、权利要求1的液体预混物，其中：
R是直链C7-C19烷基或烯基，
R1是C1-C4烃基，。
Z是具有直链烃链的多羟基烃基，该链上直接连接有至少三个羟基。
3、权利要求1的液体预混物，其中的多羟基脂肪酸酰胺是C12-C18直链烷羧酸N-甲基葡糖胺，其含量为50-80%（重量），优选为60-75%（重量）。
4、权利要求1的液体预混物，其中的硼酸根官能物质是得自硼砂、硼酸、或得自四硼酸或偏硼酸的碱金属盐或烷醇胺盐。
5、权利要求2的液体预混物，其中的硼酸根官能物质是得自硼砂、硼酸、或得自四硼酸或偏硼酸的碱金属盐或烷醇胺盐。
6、权利要求1-5中任一项的液体预混物，其中该硼酸根官能物质的含量为3-30%（重量），优选为5-10%（重量），均为以H3BO3形式计。
7、权利要求1-5中任一项的液体预混物，其中该多羟基脂肪酸酰胺对以H3BO3形式计的该硼酸根官能物质的摩尔比为4∶1至1∶1。
8、权利要求1-5中任一项的液体预混物，其中还含有1-40%（重量）的溶剂，该溶剂选自丙二醇，乙醇或它们的混合物。
9、权利要求8的液体预混物，其中含有10-25%（重量）的所述溶剂。
10、一种制备液体洗衣洗涤剂的方法，其中包括这样的步骤，即将多于一种组分混合，所述组分至少其一是一种阴离子表面活性剂，其特征在于，所用的组分之一是权利要求1-5中任一项所述的液体预混物。
CN93119111A 1992-10-13 1993-10-13 液体预混物及制备含有该液体预混物的液体洗衣洗涤剂的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1047617C (zh)

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MX190275B (es) 1998-11-09
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ATE190085T1 (de) 2000-03-15
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