CN1079507A - 结构性液体洗涤剂组合物 - Google Patents
结构性液体洗涤剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1079507A CN1079507A CN 93106573 CN93106573A CN1079507A CN 1079507 A CN1079507 A CN 1079507A CN 93106573 CN93106573 CN 93106573 CN 93106573 A CN93106573 A CN 93106573A CN 1079507 A CN1079507 A CN 1079507A
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- fatty acid
- alkyl
- composition
- surfactant
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- -1 2-hydroxypropyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 37
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006268 reductive amination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 3
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- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SKCKOFZKJLZSFA-KVTDHHQDSA-N (2r,3r,4r,5r)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO SKCKOFZKJLZSFA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SKCKOFZKJLZSFA-SLPGGIOYSA-N (2r,3r,4r,5s)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO SKCKOFZKJLZSFA-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GHPCICSQWQDZLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl-1-methyl-3-propylurea Chemical compound CCCNC(=O)N(C)S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 GHPCICSQWQDZLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNWAARLSYSBVPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=1N=CNC=1C(N)=O NNWAARLSYSBVPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IECMOFZIMWVOAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-dimethylpiperidine Chemical compound CC1(C)CCNCC1 IECMOFZIMWVOAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
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- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-O Methylammonium ion Chemical compound [NH3+]C BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000503 Na-aluminosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003950 cyclic amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- PZPMGGMRWAFDAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxetane;sulfuric acid Chemical class C1COO1.OS(O)(=O)=O PZPMGGMRWAFDAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- HSEMFIZWXHQJAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O HSEMFIZWXHQJAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PEYVWSJAZONVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroperoxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound OOB=O PEYVWSJAZONVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N isethionic acid Chemical class OCCS(O)(=O)=O SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleicacidamide-heptaglycolether Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AVTYONGGKAJVTE-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium L-tartrate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O AVTYONGGKAJVTE-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sodium tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001472 potassium tartrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
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- HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明含水洗涤剂组合物，其中包含一个各向异
性表面活性剂相。该各向异性表面活性剂相是由一
种阴离子型表面活性剂和一种多羟基脂肪酸酰胺非
离子型表面活性剂的混合物形成的。
Description
本发明涉及结构性液体洗涤剂组合物。按照本发明的组合物基本上适用于使不溶于该组合物的固体颗粒或不混溶于该洗涤剂组合物的液体悬浮。按照本发明的组合物尤其适合于洗衣用途。
结构性液体洗涤剂在本技术中已有广泛描述，其目的是使不溶于洗涤剂基体的固体颗粒或不混溶于洗涤剂基体的液体悬浮。在非结构性液体洗涤剂中，这类组分的存在一般导致沉积或相分离，从而使这类洗涤剂从消费者的观点来看不可接受。
为了满足这种需要，洗涤剂配制者已设计了能使固体或不混溶液体稳定悬浮的结构性液体洗涤剂。配制这类组合物的典型方法是将一种阴离子型表面活性剂与一种电解质组合。在大多数这类组合物，尤其那些为洗衣用途设计的组合物中，所存在的电解质除形成悬浮结构外没有其它目的。
因此，本发明的一个目的正是要配制一种能使固体或不混溶液体悬浮的结构性液体洗涤剂组合物，所述组合物没有电解质，或更一般地说，没有任何一种组分具有形成该结构的单一目的。换言之，本发明的目的是要只用那些能全部参与洗衣过程的习用去污组分配制一种结构性液体洗涤剂组合物。
Albright & Wilson的EP414549公开了无电解质的结构性液体组合物。这种结构是通过使用在洗衣洗涤剂领域中相当不常见的特定表面活性系统获得的。在EP414549中没有举例说明任何洗衣洗净组合物。
Albright & Wilson的EP295021公开了一种用于液体组合物的结构性液体表面活性剂系统，其中包含一种阴离子表面活性剂和一种高度疏水的非离子型表面活性剂。
因此，本发明的进一步目的是配制一种只包含那些在这一领域中已得到广泛应用的去污组分、从而提供良好洁净性能的结构性液体洗涤剂组合物。
现已发现，通过配制一种含有阴离子表面活性剂和亲水多羟基脂肪酸酰胺表面活性剂的混合物的含水组合物，就可以实现以上目的。这样的多羟基脂肪酸酰胺表面活性剂已在洗衣店洗涤剂组合物方面加以描述，例如，请参阅EP285758和我们的未审查申请PCT/US 91/07021，PCT/US 91/07025，PCT/US 91/07026，PCT/US 91/07027，PCT/US 91/07030和PCT/US 91/06982。
按照本发明的组合物是包含一个各向异性表面活性剂相的含水液体洗涤剂组合物，其中含有占总组成8-60%（重量）的阴离子表面活性剂和非离子型表面活性剂的混合物，其特征在于该非离子型表面活性剂是一种多羟基脂肪酸酰胺，其化学式为：
式中R1是H，C1-C4烃基，2-羟基乙基，2-羟基丙基，或其混合物，R2是C5-C31烃基，而Z是一个有线型烃基链的多羟基烃基，或其烷氧基化衍生物，且所述阴离子表面活性剂与所述多羟基脂肪酸酰胺非离子型表面活性剂的重量比范围为10∶1至1∶10。
按照本发明的组合物是包含一个各向异性表面活性剂相的含水结构性组合物。各向异性表面活性剂相的存在，可通过一台光学显微镜观察置于尼科尔（Nichol）棱镜之间的组合物样品而容易地加以检验。
各向异性表面活性剂相是通过使用阴离子表面活性剂与多羟基脂肪酸酰胺非离子型表面活性剂的混合物形成的。按照本发明的组合物含有占总组成8-60%（重量）、较好15-40%的所述表面活性剂混合物。
多羟基脂肪酸酰胺非离子型表面活性剂
适合于在此使用的多羟基脂肪酸酰胺非离子型表面活性剂具有如下化学式：
式中：R1是H，C1-C4烃基，2-羟基乙基，2-羟基丙基，或其混合物，较好是C1-C4烷基，更好的是C1或C2烷基，最好的是C1烷基（即甲基）;R2是C5-C31烃基，较好是直链C7-C19烷基或链烯基，更好的是直链C9-C17烷基或链烯基，最好的是直链C11-C17烷基或链烯基，或其混合物;而Z是一个有线型烃基链并有至少3个羟基与该链直接连结的多羟基烃基，或者是其烷氧基化衍生物（较好是乙氧基化或丙氧基化衍生物）。Z较好是在一个还原性氨化反应中从一种还原糖衍生而来;更好的是，Z是一个糖醇基（glycityl）。适用的还原糖包括葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、半乳糖、甘露糖和木糖。高右旋糖玉米浆、高果糖玉米浆和高麦芽糖玉米浆也同上面所列各种糖一样可以作为原料使用。这些玉米浆可以产生一种糖成分混合物用于制作Z。应当理解的是，这绝无排斥其它适用原料之意图。Z较好将选自由下列组成的一组：-CH2-（CHOH）n-CH2OH，-CH（CH2OH）-（CHOH）n-1-CH2OH，-CH2-（CHOH）2（CHOR′）（CHOH）-CH2OH，或中n是一个3至5（包括3和5）的整数，R′是H或者一种环状或脂族单糖，及其烷氧基化衍生物。最好是其中n是4的糖醇基，尤其是-CH2-（CHOH）4-CH2OH。
在化学式（Ⅰ）中，R′可以是诸如N-甲基、N-乙基、N-丙基、N-异丙基、N-丁基、N-2-羟基乙基或N-2-羟基丙基。
R2-CO-N＜可以是诸如柯卡酰胺（cocamide），硬脂酰胺、油酰胺（oleamide）、月桂酰胺、肉豆蔻酰胺、癸酰胺、棕榈酸酰胺、脂油酸酰胺（tallowamide）等。
Z可以是1-脱氧葡醇基、2-脱氧果糖醇基、1-脱氧麦芽糖醇基、1-脱氧乳糖醇基、1-脱氧半乳糖醇基、1-脱氧甘露糖醇基、1-脱氧麦芽三糖醇基等。
制作多羟基脂肪酸酰胺的方法，在技术中是已知的。一般来说，它们可按如下制作：在一种还原性胺化反应中使一种烷基胺与一种还原糖反应生成对应的N-烷基多羟基胺，然后在一个缩合/酰胺化步骤中使该N-烷基多羟基胺与一种脂肪酸脂族酯或甘油三酯反应生成N-烷基、N-多羟基脂肪酸酰胺产品。制作含有多羟基脂肪酸酰胺的组合物的工艺详见诸如：1959年2月18日公布的Thomas Hedley & Co.，Ltd.的英国专利说明书809，060;1960年12月20日公布的E.R.Wilson的美国专利2，965，576;及1955年3月8日公布的Anthony M.Schwartz的美国专利2，703，798;和1934年12月25日公布的Piggott的美国专利1，985，424，以上每一篇专利均列为本文的参考文献。
在一种生产N-烷基或N-羟烷基、N-脱氧糖醇基脂肪酸酰胺的工艺中，其中糖醇基部分是从葡萄糖衍生的，而N-烷基或N-羟烷基官能度是N-甲基、N-乙基、N-丙基、N-丁基、N-羟乙基或N-羟丙基，产品是通过在一种催化剂存在下使N-烷基或N-羟烷基葡糖胺与一种选自脂肪酸甲酯、脂肪酸乙酯和脂肪酸甘油三酯的脂肪酸酯反应制成的，所述催化剂选自如下一组：磷酸三锂、磷酸三钠、磷酸三钾、焦磷酸四钠、三聚磷酸五钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙、碳酸锂、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、酒石酸二钠、酒石酸二钾、酒石酸钾钠、柠檬酸三钠、柠檬酸三钾、碱式硅酸钠、碱式硅酸钾、碱式硅铝酸钠、碱式硅铝酸钾及其混合物。
催化剂数量，以N-烷基或N-羟烷基葡糖胺摩尔数为基准计，较好为约0.5%（摩尔）至约50%（摩尔）、更好为约2.0%（摩尔）至约10%（摩尔）。反应较好是在约138℃至约170℃典型地进行约20至约90分钟。当在反应混合物中利用甘油三酯作为脂肪酸酯源时，反应较好也使用约1%至约10%（重量）（以全部反应混合物的重量百分率为基准计算）的一种相转移剂进行，所述相转移剂选自饱和脂肪醇聚乙氧基化物，烷基聚配糖物，线型聚糖酰胺（glycamide）表面活性剂及其混合物。
较好的是，本工艺按如下进行：
（a）把脂肪酸酯预热到约138℃至约170℃;
（b）把N-烷基或N-羟烷基葡糖胺添加到预热的脂肪酸酯中，并混合到形成两相液/液混合物所需要的程度;
（c）把催化剂混合到该反应混合物中;和
（d）搅拌规定的反应时间。
如果该脂肪酸酯是一种甘油三酯，则也较好的是把按反应物重量计约2%至约20%的预制线型N-烷基/N-羟烷基、N-线型葡糖基脂肪酸酰胺产物添加到该反应混合物中作为相转移剂。这给该反应接种，因而增加了反应速度。详细实验步骤见以下实验部分。
这里所使用的多羟基“脂肪酸”酰胺材料也给洗涤剂配制者提供了如下优点;它们可以全部或主要从天然、可再生、非石油化学的原料制备，而且是可降解的。它们也显示出对水生物的低毒性。
应当认识到的是，除化学式（Ⅰ）的多羟基脂肪酸酰胺外，用来产生这类化合物的工艺也将典型地产生大量非挥发性副产物，如酯酰胺和环状多羟基脂肪酸酰胺。这些副产物的含量将因具体的反应物和工艺条件而异。较好的是，进入这里的洗涤剂组合物中的多羟基脂肪酸酰胺将以如下形式提供：添加到该洗涤剂中的含多羟基脂肪酸酰胺的组合物，含有低于约10%、较好低于约4%的环状多羟基脂肪酸酰胺。以上所述的较好工艺的优点在于它们可以产生相当低水平的副产物，包括这样的环状酰胺副产物。
阴离子表面活性剂
可用于本发明的一种阴离子表面活性剂类型包括烷基苯磺酸盐。这里的烷基苯磺酸盐表面活性剂在本技术中是众所周知的。这些表面活性剂有C9和更高级的烷基基团，较好的是，这些烷基基团是C9-C18烷基基团，更好的是线型基团，以提供线型烷基苯磺酸盐（“LAS”）类商用表面活性剂。特别好的是C10-C14LAS表面活性剂。这些表面活性剂既能以酸形式也能以可溶盐形式使用。适用的盐包括金属盐（如钠盐、钾盐和锂盐）以及取代的和未取代的铵盐（如乙醇胺）。
可在这里使用的另一种阴离子表面活性剂类型是烷基硫酸盐表面活性剂。它们包括化学式为ROSO3M的水溶性盐或酸，其中R较好是一种C10-C24烃基、较好是支化的，较好是一个烷基或有C10-C20烷基部分的羟烷基，更好的是一个C12-C18烷基或羟烷基，而M是一个H或一个阳离子，例如一个碱金属阳离子（如钠、钾、锂），取代的或未取代的铵阳离子，如甲铵、二甲铵和三甲铵阳离子及季铵，如四甲铵和二甲基哌啶，以及从醇胺如乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺及其混合物衍生的阳离子，等等。C16-C18的烷基链对于其较高的洗涤温度（约50℃以上）是较好的。
这里可用的其它阴离子表面活性剂类型包括皂盐（例如包括钠盐、钾盐、铵盐和取代的铵盐，如一、二和三乙醇胺盐），C8-C22伯或仲烷基磺酸盐，C8-C24链烯基磺酸盐，通过柠檬酸碱土金属盐热解产物磺化制备的磺化多羧酸（例如，详见英国专利说明书No.1，082，179），烷基甘油磺酸盐，脂肪酰甘油磺酸盐，脂肪油酰甘油硫酸盐，烷基苯酚氧化乙烯醚硫酸盐，磺酸盐，烷基磷酸盐，羟乙磺酸盐，如酰基羟乙磺酸盐，N-酰基牛磺酸盐，甲基牛磺酸的脂肪酸酰胺，烷基琥珀酰胺酸盐和磺基琥珀酸盐，磺基琥珀酸盐单酯（尤其是饱和的和不饱和的C12-C18单酯），磺基琥珀酸盐二酯（尤其是C6至C14二酯），N-酰基肌氨酸盐，烷基聚糖的硫酸盐，如烷基聚葡糖苷（以上所述的非离子型非硫酸盐化合物）的硫酸盐，烷基烷氧基化硫酸盐，烷基聚乙氧基羧酸盐，例如其化学式为RO（CH2CH2O）K-CH2COO-M+的化合物，式中R是一个C8-C22烷基，K是一个0至10的整数，M是一种能生成可溶性盐的阳离子，以及用羟乙磺酸酯化和用氢氧化钠中和的脂肪酸。树脂酸和氢化的树脂酸也是适用的，例如，松香、氢化松香，及存在于或从（木浆）浮油衍生的树脂酸和氢化树脂酸。进一步的实例详见“surface Active Agents and Detergents”（Vol.Ⅰ和Ⅱ，Schwartz，Perry和Berch著）。这一类的各种表面活性剂也一般地公开于1975年12月30日公布的Laughlin等人的美国专利3，929，678等23栏第58行至第29栏第23行（列为本文参考文献）。
可用于本发明的较好的阴离子型表面活性剂是线型烷基苯磺酸盐和烷基硫酸盐，尤其是线型烷基苯磺酸盐。
在所述表面活性剂混合物中，所述阴离子型表面活性剂与所述多羟基脂肪酸酰胺非离子型表面活性剂的重量比范围为10∶1至1∶10，较好是3∶1至1∶3。
其它组分
按照本发明的组合物不需要电解质来形成各向异性相。因此，本发明的组合物基本上没有电解质。所谓电解质，这里系指任何一种具有建立各向异性相单一功能的物质。它不包括其它可视为电解质但能提供洗涤效益的物质，例如柠檬酸。
作为一种任选的但较好的组分，按照本发明的组合物可以包括占组合物总量2-20%（重量）、较好8-15%的脂肪酸。适合于在此使用的脂肪酸是含有10-22个碳原子的脂肪酸。这些脂肪酸也可以在烃链中包含1-10个环氧乙烷单元。较好的是含有约12-14个碳原子的脂肪酸。
按照本发明的组合物也可以再包含不属于以上所述的阴离子型和多羟基脂肪酸酰胺非离子型表面活性剂、技术熟练人员众所周知的其它表面活性剂，包括阳离子型和两性离子型表面活性剂。按照本发明的组合物也可以包含不属于以上所述的多羟基脂肪酸酰胺的其它非离子型表面活性剂，包括乙氧基化的醇类。
按照本发明的组合物可以进一步包含任选组分，这取决于所述配方的预期用途。这样的任选组分包括增效剂，如聚磷酸盐和膦酸盐，沸石和多羧酸盐，包括柠檬酸盐和琥珀酸盐。进一步的任选组分包括酶，其中包括纤维素酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶和过氧化物酶，以及各种酶稳定系统。进一步的组分还可包括油释放剂、抗再沉积剂、螯合剂、顽固泡沫抑制剂和溶剂。
按照本发明的组合物较好是在6-9、更好的是在8-8.5的pH配制。
尽管不限于如下目的，但按照本发明的组合物尤其适合于使那些不溶于洗涤剂基体的固体组分悬浮的目的。这样的固体组分包括诸如漂白颗粒如过硼酸或过碳酸盐，或增效剂颗粒如沸石和柠檬酸;或高分子量聚合物。按照本发明的组合物也适合于使那些不混溶于洗涤剂基体的液体，如消泡硅油、硅氧烷/二氧化硅基基体和蜡等悬浮。
实例
下列组合物是通过使所列组分按所列比例（重量%）混合制作的。
#1 #2 #3 #4
线型烷基苯磺酸盐 10 10 10 -
天然椰子烷基硫酸盐 - - - 10
C12-C14脂肪酸 10 10 - 10
C12N-甲基葡萄糖酰胺 6 6 10 15
1,2-丙二醇 0.7 0.7 - -
用NaOH调至所指pH 8.4 8.4 8 7.8
沸石 - 10 - -
DETMPA - - - 0.5
水及微量组分 -补足至100%-
以上4个组合物都是结构性液体洗涤剂组合物。
Claims (11)
1、一种包含一个各向异性表面活性剂相的含水液体洗涤剂组合物，含有占全组合物8-60%(重量)的阴离子型表面活性剂与非离子型表面活性剂的混合物，其特征在于该非离子型表面活性剂是一种多羟基脂肪酸酰胺，其化学式为
式中R1是H，一个C1-C4烃基，2-羟基乙基，2-羟基丙基，或它们的混合物，R2是C5-C31的烃基，而Z是一个有线型烃基链的多羟基烃基，或其烷氧基化衍生物，且所述阴离子型表面活性剂与所述多羟基脂肪酸酰胺非离子型表面活性剂的重量比范围为10∶1至1∶10。
2、按照权利要求1的组合物，其中包含15-40%的所述表面活性剂混合物。
3、按照前述权利要求的组合物，其中所述阴离子型表面活性剂与所述多羟基脂肪酸酰胺非离子型表面活性剂的重量比范围为3∶1至1∶3。
4、按照前述权利要求中任何一项的组合物，其中所述多羟基脂肪酸酰胺非离子型表面活性剂的化学式中，R1是一个C1-C4烷基，R2是一个C7-C19直链烷基或链烯基，而Z是在还原性胺化反应中从一种还原糖衍生的。
5、按照权利要求4的组合物，其中R1是甲基，R2是一个直链C11-C17烷基或链烯基，而Z是一个糖醇基。
6、按照前述权利要求中任何一项的组合物，其中包含一种呈固体颗粒形式悬浮于所述组合物中的组分。
7、按照权利要求1-5中任何一项的组合物，其中包含一种呈液体形式不混溶于所述组合物中的组分。
8、按照前述权利要求中任何一项的组合物，其中基本上无电解质。
9、按照前述权利要求中任何一项的组合物，其中阴离子表面活性剂是一种烷基苯磺酸盐或烷基硫酸盐。
10、按照前述权利要求中任何一项的组合物，其中进一步含有占全部组合物重量2-20%、较好8-15%的脂肪酸。
11、按照前述权利要求中任何一项的组合物，其pH为7-8.5。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92201567A EP0572723A1 (en) | 1992-06-02 | 1992-06-02 | Structured liquid detergent compositions |
| EP92201567.2 | 1992-06-02 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1079507A true CN1079507A (zh) | 1993-12-15 |
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| EP (1) | EP0572723A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH07507341A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1079507A (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU4233993A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2136947A1 (zh) |
| IE (1) | IE930417A1 (zh) |
| TR (1) | TR26929A (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1993024602A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
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| CN101784651B (zh) * | 2007-08-17 | 2012-08-08 | 罗迪亚亚太有限公司 | 结构化的肥皂组合物 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE4344991A1 (de) * | 1993-12-30 | 1995-07-06 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Verfahren zur Umwandlung hexagonal flüssig-kristalliner wäßriger Tensidphasen |
| EP0675194A1 (en) * | 1994-03-28 | 1995-10-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent additives in structured liquids |
| USH1513H (en) * | 1994-06-01 | 1996-01-02 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Oleoyl sarcosinate with polyhydroxy fatty acid amides in cleaning products |
| DE4425449A1 (de) * | 1994-07-19 | 1996-01-25 | Henkel Kgaa | Detergensgemische mit verbesserter Reinigungsleistung |
| EP0738778A1 (en) * | 1995-04-19 | 1996-10-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Nonaqueous, particulate-containing liquid detergent compositions |
| BR112014029759A2 (pt) | 2012-05-30 | 2017-06-27 | Clariant Finance Bvi Ltd | uso de n-metil-n-acilglucaminas como solubilizadores |
| JP6729925B2 (ja) | 2012-05-30 | 2020-07-29 | クラリアント・ファイナンス・（ビーブイアイ）・リミテッド | Ｎ−メチル−ｎ−アシルグルカミン含有組成物 |
| DE102012021647A1 (de) | 2012-11-03 | 2014-05-08 | Clariant International Ltd. | Wässrige Adjuvant-Zusammensetzungen |
| WO2014170025A1 (de) * | 2013-04-20 | 2014-10-23 | Clariant International Ltd | Zusammensetzung enthaltend ölkörper, fettsäuren, aminosäuretenside und n-methyl-n-acylglucamine |
| DE102014005771A1 (de) | 2014-04-23 | 2015-10-29 | Clariant International Ltd. | Verwendung von wässrigen driftreduzierenden Zusammensetzungen |
| DE102015219651A1 (de) | 2015-10-09 | 2017-04-13 | Clariant International Ltd. | Zusammensetzungen enthaltend Zuckeramin und Fettsäure |
| DE202015008045U1 (de) | 2015-10-09 | 2015-12-09 | Clariant International Ltd. | Universelle Pigmentdispersionen auf Basis von N-Alkylglukaminen |
| DE102016207877A1 (de) | 2016-05-09 | 2017-11-09 | Clariant International Ltd | Stabilisatoren für Silikatfarben |
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| NL217218A (zh) * | 1956-05-14 | |||
| DE3711776A1 (de) * | 1987-04-08 | 1988-10-27 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Verwendung von n-polyhydroxyalkylfettsaeureamiden als verdickungsmittel fuer fluessige waessrige tensidsysteme |
| AU8854991A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-04-28 | Procter & Gamble Company, The | Polyhydroxy fatty acid amides in soil release agent-containing detergent compositions |
| US5174927A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-12-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for preparing brightener-containing liquid detergent compositions with polyhydroxy fatty acid amines |
| GB9021217D0 (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1990-11-14 | Procter & Gamble | Liquid detergent compositions |
| AU8843191A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-04-28 | Procter & Gamble Company, The | Detergent compositions containing polyhydroxy fatty acid amide and alkyl benzene sulfonate |
| CZ382596A3 (cs) * | 1990-09-28 | 1998-04-15 | The Procter And Gamble Company | Detergentní částice |
| HU213365B (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1997-05-28 | Procter & Gamble | Detergent composition containing polyhydroxy fatty acid amides and suds enhancing agent |
| US5188769A (en) * | 1992-03-26 | 1993-02-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for reducing the levels of fatty acid contaminants in polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants |
| US5223179A (en) * | 1992-03-26 | 1993-06-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Cleaning compositions with glycerol amides |
-
1992
- 1992-06-02 EP EP92201567A patent/EP0572723A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-05-05 AU AU42339/93A patent/AU4233993A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-05-05 CA CA 2136947 patent/CA2136947A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-05-05 WO PCT/US1993/004232 patent/WO1993024602A1/en active Application Filing
- 1993-05-05 JP JP6500549A patent/JPH07507341A/ja active Pending
- 1993-05-24 TR TR00413/93A patent/TR26929A/xx unknown
- 1993-06-01 IE IE930417A patent/IE930417A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-06-02 CN CN 93106573 patent/CN1079507A/zh active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101784651B (zh) * | 2007-08-17 | 2012-08-08 | 罗迪亚亚太有限公司 | 结构化的肥皂组合物 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0572723A1 (en) | 1993-12-08 |
| AU4233993A (en) | 1993-12-30 |
| JPH07507341A (ja) | 1995-08-10 |
| IE930417A1 (en) | 1993-12-15 |
| CA2136947A1 (en) | 1993-12-09 |
| WO1993024602A1 (en) | 1993-12-09 |
| TR26929A (tr) | 1994-08-24 |
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