CN108653240A - 碳和铜的复合纳米粒子的应用 - Google Patents

碳和铜的复合纳米粒子的应用 Download PDF

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CN108653240A
CN108653240A CN201810651277.9A CN201810651277A CN108653240A CN 108653240 A CN108653240 A CN 108653240A CN 201810651277 A CN201810651277 A CN 201810651277A CN 108653240 A CN108653240 A CN 108653240A
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copper
carbon
composite nanoparticle
feed
mouse
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CN108653240B (zh
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王慧
连崑
郑慧萍
刘贞茹
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Suzhou Jie Jie Nano Antibacterial Coating Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种碳和铜的复合纳米粒子在制备抗菌剂、保鲜剂、促进糖脂代谢药物、减肥药、食品添加剂或动物饲料中的应用,所述碳和铜的复合纳米粒子包括具有多孔结构的碳壳以及包裹于所述碳壳中的铜纳米粒子。本发明公开了碳和铜的复合纳米粒子的新用途,可作为抗菌剂使用,替代抗生素及保鲜剂的作用;其次,添加到动物饲料中可以提高动物对饲料的利用率;另外,还能促进糖脂代谢,减少脂肪堆积,可用于相关领域。

Description

碳和铜的复合纳米粒子的应用
技术领域
本发明涉及含铜纳米粒子的应用领域,尤其涉及碳和铜的复合纳米粒子的应用。
背景技术
铜是生命体所必须的微量元素,无论是动物、植物、微生物都需要铜元素。铜在机体中主要通过铜酶发挥作用。其参与三十多种酶的组成及活化,涉及生命活动的各个过程。例如,它能参与刺激免疫系统以抵抗感染和修复受伤组织。人们日常从食物中获取铜,如一些海鲜及脏器等。当日常摄入铜过少时,需要服用一些铜补剂来摄入足够的铜。在畜牧业中,牛、猪、鸡等畜禽的饲料中铜元素也作为必须微量元素被添加使用。同时,大剂量铜被添加在饲料中可以起到促进生长的作用。高铜的促生长作用的主要机制与酶代谢和肠道菌群有关。
铜还支持消除自由基对细胞造成严重伤害并在糖脂代谢中起重要作用。目前,全球65亿人口中超过15%的人体重超标。导致肥胖的原因有很多,包括过多的卡路里摄入、遗传因素、内分泌失调、代谢紊乱和压力。其中,过量的能量摄入是导致肥胖的主要原因。研究发现,脂质代谢不足与缺铜之间的关系密切。这主要是由于铜参与了各种酶的组成和激活,这些酶与脂质代谢密切相关,如谷胱甘肽、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶。因此,合理的运用铜可起到治疗及预防肥胖的效果。常见的铜源添加剂有:硫酸铜、碳酸铜、葡萄糖酸铜等一些二价铜盐。这类铜盐易潮解、影响一些维生素的吸收并且被排除体外后会造成环境污染。因此稳定、绿色且价格低廉的铜源添加剂是市场所迫切需要的。
纳米材料是三维空间中至少有一维在纳米尺度范围的材料。纳米材料有多种特性如体积效应、量子尺寸效应和表面与界面效应等,这些独特性质使纳米材料有着巨大的应用前景。随着纳米技术的飞速发展,纳米材料在食品及畜牧业领域有着非常广泛的应用。纳米材料由于其独特的特性,在抗菌方面也表现优异。目前,纳米材料作为新兴的纳米抗菌材料一般分为两大类,一类是无机金属系列,例如纳米银、纳米锌等,这类抗菌材料抗菌活性高,抗菌谱宽,毒性低。另一类是具有光催化活性的纳米抗菌材料,例如,氧化钛等,这类材料相对活性较差而且通常需在紫外光照射下才表现抗菌性能,这就大大限制了这类抗菌材料的应用。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的是提供碳和铜的复合纳米粒子的应用,公开纳米铜源粒子在抗菌领域、食品领域以及医药领域的新用途。
本发明公开了碳和铜的复合纳米粒子在制备抗菌剂、保鲜剂、促进糖脂代谢药物、减肥药、食品添加剂或动物饲料中的应用,碳和铜的复合纳米粒子包括具有多孔结构的碳壳以及包裹于碳壳中的铜纳米粒子。
进一步地,碳和铜的复合纳米粒子中,铜元素和碳元素的质量比约为1:3-3.5。
进一步地,碳壳为多孔炭黑。
进一步地,碳和铜的复合纳米粒子在作为抗菌剂或保鲜剂时,其使用剂量为0.2ppm以上。
进一步地,碳和铜的复合纳米粒子在作为动物饲料时,其使用剂量为800mg/kg以下。
进一步地,碳和铜的复合纳米粒子在作为促进糖脂代谢药物、减肥药或食品添加剂时,其推荐使用剂量为100-600ppm。
本发明还公开了一种抗菌剂,包括上述碳和铜的复合纳米粒子。
本发明还公开了一种减肥药,包括上述碳和铜的复合纳米粒子。
本发明还公开了一种动物饲料,包括上述碳和铜的复合纳米粒子。
如无特殊说明,本发明中,碳和铜的复合纳米粒子(NCCC)为申请日为2007.2.8日,国际公布号为WO/2007/095454,国际申请号为PCT/US2007/061862,发明名称为“CARBON-ENCASED METAL NANOPARTICLES AND SPONGES,METHODS OF SYNTHESIS,AND METHODS OFUSE”(碳包裹的金属纳米粒子和海绵及其制备方法和使用方法)中公开的金属核为铜的材料,其中,其制备方法也为该专利中公开的方法。该碳和铜的复合纳米粒子中,纳米铜均匀镶嵌在多孔炭黑中,且表面具有铜及氧化亚铜的平衡体系,具有独特的可再生功能。这使得该添加剂的铜离子溶出率低,进而生物毒性低且即使被代谢排出体外后对环境的污染也小于其他铜源添加剂。
借由上述方案,本发明至少具有以下优点:
本发明公开了一种碳和铜的复合纳米粒子集抗菌、促生长、预防肥胖等特点于一体的特性,属于无机纳米粒子,经本发明研究发现,上述碳和铜的复合纳米粒子抗菌效果优异,具有触杀、改变细菌表面电位、生成活性氧、破坏细菌细胞壁和直接接触损伤细菌DNA等综合机制,因此将其添加在食品或饲料中还可以代替传统保鲜剂的作用。上述碳和铜的复合纳米粒子经小鼠急性经口性实验、蓄积性毒性实验证明其毒性小且无明显蓄积毒性。此外,其还可作为饲料使用,能提高饲料的利用率,同时具有调节糖脂代谢,预防肥胖的作用。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,并可依照说明书的内容予以实施,以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合附图详细说明如后。
附图说明
图1是的碳和铜的复合纳米粒子的透射电子显微镜图;
图2是碳和铜的复合纳米粒子的结构示意图;
图3为不同组小鼠体重及摄食量统计结果;
图4为不同组小鼠的瘦肉与脂肪含量统计结果;
图5为不同组小鼠口服糖耐量实验结果及曲线下面积统计结果;
图6为不同组小鼠粪便中需氧菌的数量统计结果;
图7为不同组小鼠的血糖值测试结果;
图8为小鼠的血脂四项测定值以及T-CHO/HDL值统计结果;
附图标记说明:
1-碳壳;2-铜纳米粒子;3-小孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
参见图1-2,本发明以下实施例中,所使用的碳和铜的复合纳米粒子(NCCC)包括具有若干小孔3的碳壳1以及包裹于碳壳1中的铜纳米粒子2,铜元素和碳元素的质量比为1:3。具体地,其为申请日为2007.2.8日,国际公布号为WO/2007/095454,国际申请号为PCT/US2007/061862,发明名称为“CARBON-ENCASED METAL NANOPARTICLES AND SPONGES,METHODS OF SYNTHESIS,AND METHODS OF USE”(碳包裹的金属纳米粒子和海绵及其制备方法和使用方法)中公开的金属核为铜的材料,其中,其制备方法也为该专利中公开的方法。
实施例1小鼠急性经口性毒性实验
采用小鼠急性经口性毒性实验确定NCCC的半数致死剂量,具体方法如下:
实验用雌性7周-9周C57BL/6小鼠购买自上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司,合格证编号:2015000537393。小鼠5只每笼饲养在无特定病原菌(SPF)动物房中,温度20℃-26℃相对湿度40%-70%,换气次数10-20次/h,气流速度0.1-0.2m/s,空气洁净度10000级,光照12h明/12h暗。适应性喂养一周后,随机挑选一只小鼠开始实验。将NCCC溶于水中,超声使其溶解充分后进行实验。实验方法按照急性经口性毒性试验标准(《OECD GUIDELINE FORTESTING OF CHEMICALS》,OECD/OCDE,2001,12.17)进行。采用固定剂量法,起始剂量为300mg/kg,之后根据毒性反应进行后续实验。最终确定正式实验剂量为1800mg/kg。在随后的两周里观察并记录小鼠的死亡及毒性反应。实验结果如表1所示。
表1 小鼠急性经口性毒性实验步骤及结果
由表1可知,NCCC的半数致死剂量范围为1800mg/kg至2000mg/kg,根据全球化学品分类和标签制度(GHS),为4级。NCCC在小鼠中的急性毒性主要表现为嗜睡、颤抖、竖毛和脱发。而碳酸铜和硫酸铜在小鼠急性经口性毒性实验中的半数致死剂量分别为320mg/kg和369mg/kg。和硫酸铜、碳酸铜相比,NCCC的毒性更小,因此安全性更高,安全使用浓度范围更大。
实施例2小鼠蓄积性毒性实验
从上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司购买雄性及雌性7周-9周C57BL/6小鼠各25只。动物饲养条件同上。适应性喂养一周后,小鼠按体重随机分成5组,每组雌雄对半,分别为:对照组、Ⅰ组(100mg/kg)、Ⅱ组(200mg/kg)、Ⅲ组(500mg/kg)和Ⅳ组(1000mg/kg)。采用20d固定计量法进行实验。每组小鼠每日禁食4h后通过灌胃给与不同剂量的NCCC水溶液,对照组灌胃等体积生理盐水。每周称重饲料及小鼠重量,并计算摄食量。每日记录小鼠死亡情况及毒性反应,20天后结束实验。将小鼠取血,分离血清后处死。取出内脏,称重后根据公式计算脏器系数,结果如表2-5所示。
表2 蓄积毒性实验结果
表3 各组小鼠平均体重及料重比的测定结果(n=10,单位:g)
*p<0.05与对照组比较
表4 蓄积毒性实验的血液生化指标测定结果(n=5)
*p<0.05,**p<0.01均与对照组比较
表5 蓄积毒性实验中各组小鼠的脏器系数汇总(n=10)
*p<0.05,**p<0.01均与对照组比较
由表2可知,各剂量组小鼠均无死亡,说明NCCC无蓄积毒性。根据表3中的料重比,可发现NCCC能提高小鼠饲料利用率,尤其是Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组较为明显。通过测定小鼠血液生化指标及脏器系数,发现Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组小鼠血液生化指标出现异常,部分脏器系数有异常,说明在500mg/kg及以上灌胃剂量下,小鼠会出现一定毒性反应。200mg/kg及以下灌胃剂量没有毒性反应。综合以上结果,并按照行业标准,将NCCC的灌胃剂量转化为喂饲剂量后的剂量变化,因此NCCC的安全喂饲剂量在800mg/kg以下。
实施例3饲料中细菌总数的测定
将NCCC按照600ppm的剂量添加入无保鲜剂的小鼠饲料中。将已配好的固体培养基和0.9%的氯化钠高压灭菌,之后放入55℃水浴锅中,待用。将饲料常温放置一周后捣碎并称重。用生理盐水溶解,做三个稀释梯度,分别为稀释30倍,300倍,3000倍,同时做空白对照。加1mL稀释液到空白培养皿中,加入15mL培养基,混合均匀,待培养基凝固后,倒置于37℃恒温培养箱中,培养48h,进行菌落形成单位计数,测定结果如表6所示,结果表明,添加有NCCC的饲料在室温放置一周后的细菌总数为0,说明NCCC在饲料中具有抗菌效果,可以起到保鲜剂的作用。
表6 饲料中的细菌总数测定结果
实施例4NCCC对小鼠糖脂代谢的影响
从上海斯莱克实验动物有限责任公司购买雄性4周-5周C57BL/6小鼠32只。动物饲养条件同上。适应性喂养一周后,小鼠按体重随机分成4组,分别为:正常饲料组(ND)、正常饲料+NCCC组(ND+NCCC)、高脂饲料组(HFD)、高脂饲料+NCCC组(HFD+NCCC)。其中添加有NCCC的饲料中,NCCC的剂量均为600ppm。每两周记录进食量和体重。每只老鼠的每日摄取量是用每两周摄取量除以小鼠数量再除以天数计算而来。每五周用血糖仪测量非空腹血糖。此外,采集小鼠粪便并测定其中需氧菌的数量。本采用平板计数法。实验步骤同饲料中细菌总数的测定。
试验期间还进行了口服葡萄糖耐量实验。具体步骤如下:用生理盐水制备2g/kg葡萄糖溶液。葡萄糖溶液过滤,过滤头滤芯孔径为0.22μm。小鼠禁食16小时,给予0.1ml/10g葡萄糖溶液。分别在0分钟、30分钟、60分钟和120分钟测量血糖水平。取时间为水平坐标,血糖水平为垂直坐标作曲线,曲线下面积(AUC)计算如下:
式中:Bg0表示0min时血糖/mmol·L-1;Bg30表示30min时血糖/mmol·L-1;Bg60表示60min时血糖/mmol·L-1;Bg120表示120min时血糖/mmol·L-1
20周后用清醒小动物体成分分析仪测定小鼠瘦肉及脂肪的含量。采集小鼠血液,离心取血清。根据相关试剂盒说明进行血脂四项测定,分别为:总胆固醇(T-CHO)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)。结果如图3-8所示,其中,n=8,与ND组相比#p<0.05,##p<0.01,与HFD组比较*p<0.05,**p<0.01。
图3a、b分别为不同组小鼠体重及摄食量统计结果,图4a、b分别为不同组小鼠的瘦肉与脂肪含量统计结果,图5a、b分别为不同组小鼠口服糖耐量实验结果及曲线下面积统计结果,图8a、b、c、d、e依次为血清T-CHO含量、血清TG含量、血清HDL含量、血清LDL含量以及T-CHO/HDL值统计结果。
以上结果表明,摄入NCCC不仅可以减少动物对饲料的摄入量,还可以减少身体中脂肪的积累,从而减轻高脂饲料喂养的小鼠的体重增加。与HDF组小鼠相比,HDF+NCCC组小鼠的T-CHO/HDL水平显著降低,与ND组小鼠相比无显著性差异。在一定范围内,T-CHO/HDL值越小说明机体调节血脂的能力越强。它还增加了高密度脂蛋白的含量,降低了低密度脂蛋白的含量。HDL可以促进周围组织中胆固醇的消除。高密度脂蛋白越高,对健康的越好。低密度脂蛋白水平升高会增加动脉粥样硬化和冠心病的风险,因此越低越好。这些结果表明,NCCC可提高高脂饲料喂养小鼠调节血脂的能力。
口服葡萄糖耐量实验是对试验对象承载葡萄糖能力的经典测试。该实验结果表明,NCCC还可以改善高脂饮食小鼠的葡萄糖代谢,使其接近于正常水平。通过测定粪便中需氧菌的数量,发现NCCC可减少粪便中需氧菌的数量,使其处于稳定状态。肠道菌群与糖脂代谢密切相关,肠道菌群紊乱更容易导致肥胖。因此,NCCC调节葡萄糖和脂类的代谢的原因可能与此有关。
综上所述,NCCC可以促进糖脂代谢,减少机体的脂肪堆积,能对高脂喂养的小鼠起到抗肥胖的效果并可调节肠道菌群,使其处于稳定。因此,其可以作为促进糖脂代谢药物、减肥药、食品添加剂或动物饲料使用。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,并不用于限制本发明,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变型,这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种碳和铜的复合纳米粒子在制备抗菌剂、保鲜剂、促进糖脂代谢药物、减肥药、食品添加剂或动物饲料中的应用,所述碳和铜的复合纳米粒子包括具有多孔结构的碳壳以及包裹于所述碳壳中的铜纳米粒子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述碳和铜的复合纳米粒子中,铜元素和碳元素的质量比约为1:3-3.5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述碳壳为多孔炭黑。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述碳和铜的复合纳米粒子在作为抗菌剂或保鲜剂时,其使用剂量为0.2ppm以上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述碳和铜的复合纳米粒子在作为动物饲料添加剂时,其剂量为800mg/kg以下。
6.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于:所述碳和铜的复合纳米粒子在作为促进糖脂代谢药物、减肥药或食品添加剂时,其使用剂量为100ppm-600ppm。
7.一种抗菌剂,其特征在于:包括权利要求1-3中任一项所述的碳和铜的复合纳米粒子。
8.一种减肥药,其特征在于:包括权利要求1-3中任一项所述的碳和铜的复合纳米粒子。
9.一种动物饲料,其特征在于:包括权利要求1-3中任一项所述的碳和铜的复合纳米粒子。
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