CN108617434A - A kind of implantation methods for reducing pest and disease damage, improving wax gourd yield - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods for reducing pest and disease damage, improving wax gourd yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN108617434A CN108617434A CN201810277099.8A CN201810277099A CN108617434A CN 108617434 A CN108617434 A CN 108617434A CN 201810277099 A CN201810277099 A CN 201810277099A CN 108617434 A CN108617434 A CN 108617434A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of implantation methods for reducing pest and disease damage, improving wax gourd yield.Include the following steps：Selection of land and site preparation, presoaking and germinating, nursery, field planting and Cultivate administration.Nursery is reduced the pest and disease damage of seedling raising process and is promoted the healthy growth of seedling using special nutrient soil and sprinkling antimicrobial fluid, improves survival rate of seedling；When fertilising, according to different times, using root fertilising and foliar fertilizer collocation application, synergistic effect；It is taken after field planting and applies soil insecticide and spray the method prevention pest and disease damage that biomass insecticide combines, reduce the generation of pest and disease damage.The implantation methods, by the unified management of seedling management, field planting management and Cultivate administration process, the generation of pest and disease damage effectively in the production of control protection wax gourd, and improve wax gourd quality, to reach the plantation of efficient, high yield, high-quality, nuisanceless wax gourd.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to application technical fields, and in particular to a kind of plantation for reducing pest and disease damage, improving wax gourd yield
Method.
Background technology
Wax gourd, Curcurbitaceae Benincasa is annual to overgrow or the raw herbaceous plant of frame.With ascorbic acid, thiamines in wax gourd vitamin
Element, riboflavin and niacin content are higher, have the vitamin B1 of anti-curing cancers effect, and content is quite abundant in waxgourd seed；Mine
Prime element has 8 kinds of potassium, sodium, calcium, iron, zinc, copper, phosphorus, selenium etc., wherein potassium content to be significantly higher than amount containing sodium, and it is low to belong to typical high potassium
Sodium form vegetables.Wax gourd is sweet in flavor, cold in nature, there is the effect of heat that disappears, Li Shui, detumescence.Wax gourd amount containing sodium is relatively low, to arteriosclerosis, liver
The diseases such as hardening ascites, coronary heart disease, hypertension, ephritis, oedema expansion have good auxiliary therapeutic action.
With the improvement of living standards, the planting scale of wax gourd is gradually expanded.Due to the need of scale and Virtual production
It wants, the drawbacks such as the high multiple crop index of generally existing and continuous cropping for many years, and therefore easily generates thrips, aphid etc. pest and white powder
The pest and disease damages such as disease, anthracnose, epidemic disease.In order to maintain high yield, vegetable grower to have to by largely controlling wax gourd disease using pesticide.
In addition, concentrating plantation year after year and long-term unreasonable Application Ratio, keep soil nutrient out of proportion, under the utilization rate of fertilizer is continuous
Drop, vegetable grower must maintain wax gourd high yield by putting into a large amount of fertilizer.Due to a large amount of uses of the chemicals such as chemical fertilizer, pesticide, a side
The soil salinization, hardened is caused in face, and soil fertility is seriously degenerated, and yield reduces；The drug resistance of another aspect disease pest is more and more stronger, seriously
The ecological balance is destroyed, is had seriously polluted the environment, chemical residues and pollution problem especially highlight, destruction biological chain, while with
The enrichment of the migration and noxious material of pollutant in food, personal safety is caused to seriously affect.
The understanding to healthy diet and pursuit with people, it is higher and higher to the edible safety and quality requirements of food, because
This, seeks a kind of safe and reliable, not only improves yield, but also the implantation methods of guaranteed quality, has great importance.
Invention content
The goal of the invention of the present invention is, in view of the above-mentioned problems, providing a kind of plantation for reducing pest and disease damage, improving wax gourd yield
Method, the generation of pest and disease damage effectively in the production of control protection wax gourd, and improve wax gourd quality, to reach efficient, high yield, height
The plantation of matter, nuisanceless wax gourd.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of implantation methods for reducing pest and disease damage, improving wax gourd yield, include the following steps：
S1. selection of land and site preparation
Select soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, melon fertile husky earth or clay loam was not planted in 3~4 years as
Planting site plays furrow plantation, and furrow face is 2 meters wide, 0.4 meter of furrow width, and furrow are 0.5 meter high；In furrow center, trench digging item applies fertilizer to the subsoil.
S2. seed soaking, vernalization
The wax gourd kind that selection selection cold resistance is good, disease resistance is strong, yield is high, selects the seed of wherein full grains, uses
The sub- 20min disinfections of bactericidal liquid seed soaking, sterilized seed are immersed in clear water 5~6 hours again after being cleaned with clear water；It is then placed in
Vernalization in germinating box, it is 22~26 DEG C to keep temperature, and seed prepares sowing after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally.
S3. nursery
By step S2, treated that gourd seed is seeded in seedlings nursing plate, is after planting laid with the Nutrition Soil of 2~3cm thickness；
Control plantation temperature daytime is 26~28 DEG C during wax gourd nursery, and night is 18~20 DEG C, after sowing 5 days, every 2
Spray within~5 days the antimicrobial fluid that mass concentration is 1%~3%, the amount of spraying be every plant 10~15g/ times.
S4. it is colonized
In the same size, 2~4 true leaves wax gourd seedlings are selected to be colonized, per drill planting a line wax gourd, spacing in the rows 60~
80cm, mu plant 450~550 plants, root water are drenched after plant.
S5. Cultivate administration
It is whole climing：After field planting when wax gourd 30~50cm of height of seedling built draws climing, the high 1~1.5m of frame；All sides are extractd before sitting melon
It is climing, until melon stays 2~3 lateral bines when weighing 3~4 kilograms.
Fertilising：It is colonized after-applied base manure and soil insecticide.
Post flowering applied primary, application organic fertilizer every 10~20 days, then foliage spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer I, the richness
Selenium foliar fertilizer I includes potash fertilizer, selenium fertilizer, micro- fertilizer and organic fertilizer.
After fruit setting, applied primary, organic fertilizer and composite fertilizer every 5~10 days, then foliage spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer II,
The selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer II includes potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, selenium fertilizer, micro- fertilizer and organic fertilizer.
Insect-pest：With mass concentration it was 3%~5% every 4~6 days to before the picking of plant base portion first melon after field planting
Antimicrobial fluid spray plant, the amount of spraying be every plant 20~50g/ times；As a result after, biomass insecticide was sprayed every 8~15 days.
Preferably, in step S1, the base fertilizer includes following raw material according to parts by weight：30~40 parts of pond sludge, stalk 20~
30 parts, 30~35 parts of animal wastes, 15~20 parts of oyster shell whiting, 20~30 parts of oil meal, 5~8 parts of acid-sludge, compost fermentation agent 0.02
~0.05 part, 5~10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5~10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5~10 parts of calcium superphosphate, 8~15 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sulfuric acid
0.5~1 part of copper.
Preferably, in step S2, the bactericidal liquid is that 0.1%~1% liquor potassic permanganate or 3%~6% dioxygen are water-soluble
Liquid.
Preferably, in step S3, the Nutrition Soil includes following raw material according to parts by weight：50~55 parts of soil, decomposed fertile 8
~15 parts, 5~10 parts of turfy soil, 5~10 parts of weathered coal, 5~10 parts of bone meal, it is 8~15 parts of wormcast, 3~5 parts of molasses, inorganic
Fertile 3~5 parts, 0.5~1 part of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Preferably, in step S3 and S5, the antimicrobial fluid includes following raw material according to parts by weight：Malus spectabilis extracting solution 1~5
Part, 1~5 part of allicin, 3~8 parts of rose of Sharon extracting solution, 1~3 part of felwort extracting solution, 1~3 part of radix stellariae dichotomae extracting solution, lemon oil
2~4 parts.
Preferably, in step S5, the soil insecticide includes following raw material according to parts by weight：Biennial wormwood extract 1~5
Part, 10~15 parts of wolf's fang soap, 5~8 parts of medicine fish Teng, 3~10 parts of oleander extract, 3~6 parts of cypermethrin, organic silicon emulsion
15~20 parts and 50~60 parts of ethyl acetate.
Preferably, in step S5, the base manure includes following raw material according to parts by weight：80~100 parts of animal wastes, urea
20~30 parts, it is 10~20 parts of ammonium hydrogen carbonate, 10~20 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 10~20 parts of shrimp shell meal, 5~10 parts of ammonium humate, rich
10~20 parts of selenium kaolin, 1~5 part of 0.005% sodium selenite, 10~15 parts of oyster shell powder.
Preferably, in step S4, the biomass insecticide includes following component according to parts by weight：2~5 parts of honeysuckle,
1~5 part of mulberry leaves, 1~3 part of Chinese lobelia, 5~10 parts of purslane, 5~10 parts of alternanthera, 5~10 parts of Chinese prickly ash, eucalyptus oil 2~5
Part, 5~10 parts of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), 1~5 part of tobacco, 2~4 parts of ginkgo leaf, 2~4 parts of cloves, 1~3 part of ginger, 2~5 parts of nimbin,
1~3 part of emulsifier, 30~40 parts of water.
Preferably, in step S4, micro- fertilizer includes following component：Calcium 4~6%, potassium 5~10%, zinc 1~3%, iron 1
~3%, magnesium 2~4%, copper 0.2~1%, manganese 0.2~1%, cobalt 0.01~0.05%, iodine 0.01~0.05%, selenium 0.01~
0.03%, molybdenum 0.01~0.03%, chromium 0.01~0.03%, surplus is water.
Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that：
1. the implantation methods that the present invention reduces pest and disease damage, improves wax gourd yield, pass through site preparation, seedling management, field planting management
It is managed collectively with Cultivate administration process, the generation of pest and disease damage effectively in the production of control protection wax gourd, and improves wax gourd quality, to
Reach efficient, high yield, high-quality, nuisanceless wax gourd plantation.
Nursery is reduced the pest and disease damage of seedling raising process and is promoted the health of seedling raw using special nutrient soil and sprinkling antimicrobial fluid
It is long, it lays a good foundation for later field planting.Take the method for soil insecticide and biomass insecticide is anti-to cure the disease after field planting
Insect pest reduces the generation of pest and disease damage.Soil insecticide takes plurality of Chinese to mix, and utilization rate is high, and desinsection and antibacterial effect are more preferable,
And pharmacological property is mild, can effectively kill worm in soil, bacterium, ovum, and free from environmental pollution, and it is substantially nontoxic to people and animals secondary to make
With the lasting period is long, and dosage is low, safe.Biomass insecticide can kill blade face and melon and fruit insect pest, without being made to human body
It is safe at injury.Wherein, the ingredients such as nimbin in neem tree leaf be wide spectrum recognized in the world, efficiently, low toxicity,
Degradable, noresidue insecticide and no drug resistance, to nearly all plant insect, indoor bedbug, flea, fly, mosquito
Deng all with repelling and killing efficacy.
It,, can be using special nutrient soil when nursery 2. the implantation methods that the present invention reduces pest and disease damage, improves wax gourd yield
Enough nutrition is provided when melon and fruit seed seedling-raising, promotes seed germination rate.Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are in addition to promoting seedling root to nutritional ingredient
Absorption, prevent outside the loss of fertilizer, soil aggregate structure can also be improved, prevent soil hardened in water shortage, it is saturating when water is more
The disadvantage of gas difference；Weathered coal contains there are many inorganic oxide, lighter weight and water imbibition is strong, solves the viscous weight of Nutrition Soil not
The problem of ventilation, improves the nursery effect of Nutrition Soil；Inorganic fertilizer and decomposed fertilizer can provide more nutrient inorganic salts, further
Improve nursery effect.
3. the implantation methods that the present invention reduces pest and disease damage, improves wax gourd yield, when fertilising, using root fertilising and foliar fertilizer
Collocation application, synergistic effect is better, can improve the utilization rate of fertilizer and promote the growth of fruit.It is added in foliar fertilizer
There are selenium fertilizer and micro- fertilizer, required trace element and selenium element are provided for wax gourd growth, improves the edible value of wax gourd and improve mouth
Sense.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of implantation methods for reducing pest and disease damage, improving wax gourd yield, include the following steps：
S1. selection of land and site preparation
Select soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, melon fertile husky earth or clay loam was not planted in 3~4 years as
Planting site plays furrow plantation, and furrow face is 2 meters wide, 0.4 meter of furrow width, and furrow are 0.5 meter high；In furrow center, trench digging item applies fertilizer to the subsoil.The base fertilizer is pressed
Include following raw material according to parts by weight：35 parts of pond sludge, 25 parts of stalk, 32 parts of animal wastes, 18 parts of oyster shell whiting, 25 parts of oil meal, acid-sludge 6
Part, 0.04 part of compost fermentation agent, 8 parts of ferrous sulfate, 8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.8 part of copper sulphate, 8 parts of calcium superphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate
10 parts.
S2. seed soaking, vernalization
The wax gourd kind that selection selection cold resistance is good, disease resistance is strong, yield is high, selects the seed of wherein full grains, uses
The sub- 20min disinfections of bactericidal liquid seed soaking, sterilized seed are immersed in clear water 6 hours again after being cleaned with clear water；It is then placed in and urges
Vernalization in bud case, it is 22~26 DEG C to keep temperature, and seed prepares sowing after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally.The bactericidal liquid is 1% liquor potassic permanganate
S3. nursery
By step S2, treated that gourd seed is seeded in seedlings nursing plate, is after planting laid with the Nutrition Soil of 3cm thickness；The battalion
It includes following raw material that soil, which is supported, according to parts by weight：52 parts of soil, fertile 10 parts decomposed, 8 parts of turfy soil, 8 parts of weathered coal, 8 parts of bone meal, earthworm
10 parts of earthworm excrement, 4 parts of molasses, 4 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 0.6 part of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Control plantation temperature daytime is 26~28 DEG C during wax gourd nursery, and night is 18~20 DEG C, after sowing 5 days, every 2
Spray within~5 days the antimicrobial fluid that mass concentration is 2%, the amount of spraying be every plant 10g/ times.The antimicrobial fluid is according to parts by weight packet
Include following raw material：52 parts of soil, fertile 10 parts decomposed, 8 parts of turfy soil, 8 parts of weathered coal, 8 parts of bone meal, 10 parts of wormcast, molasses 4
Part, 4 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 0.6 part of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
S4. it is colonized
In the same size, 2~4 true leaves wax gourd seedlings are selected to be colonized, per drill planting a line wax gourd, spacing in the rows 60~
80cm, mu plant 450~550 plants, root water are drenched after plant.
S5. Cultivate administration
It is whole climing：After field planting when wax gourd 30~50cm of height of seedling built draws climing, the high 1m of frame；All lateral bines are extractd before sitting melon, until
Melon stays 2~3 lateral bines when weighing 3~4 kilograms.
Fertilising：It is colonized after-applied base manure and soil insecticide.
The base manure includes following raw material according to parts by weight：100 parts of animal wastes, 30 parts of urea, 20 parts of ammonium hydrogen carbonate, calcium
20 parts of magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer, 10 parts of shrimp shell meal, 8 parts of ammonium humate, 15 parts of selenium-rich kaolin, 3 parts of 0.005% sodium selenite, oyster shell powder
12 parts.
The soil insecticide includes following raw material according to parts by weight：3 parts of biennial wormwood extract, 12 parts of wolf's fang soap, medicine fish Teng 6
Part, 5 parts of oleander extract, 4 parts of cypermethrin, 18 parts of organic silicon emulsion and 55 parts of ethyl acetate.
Post flowering applied primary, application organic fertilizer every 10~20 days, then foliage spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer I, the richness
Selenium foliar fertilizer I includes potash fertilizer, selenium fertilizer, micro- fertilizer and organic fertilizer.The selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer I is including being 2 in mass ratio:0.1:0.08:8
Potash fertilizer, it is micro- fertilizer, selenium fertilizer and organic fertilizer.
After fruit setting, applied primary, organic fertilizer and composite fertilizer every 5~10 days, then foliage spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer II,
The selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer II includes potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, selenium fertilizer, micro- fertilizer and organic fertilizer.The selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer II includes in mass ratio
It is 2:1:0.3:0.1:8 potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, micro- fertilizer, selenium fertilizer and organic fertilizer.
Micro- fertilizer includes following component：Calcium 4~6%, potassium 5~10%, zinc 1~3%, iron 1~3%, magnesium 2~4%, copper
0.2~1%, manganese 0.2~1%, cobalt 0.01~0.05%, iodine 0.01~0.05%, selenium 0.01~0.03%, molybdenum 0.01~
0.03%, chromium 0.01~0.03%, surplus is water.
Insect-pest：Before arriving first melon picking of plant base portion after field planting, the antibacterial for being 5% with mass concentration every 4~6 days
Liquid sprays plant, the amount of spraying be every plant 40g/ times.
As a result after, biomass insecticide was sprayed every 8~15 days.The biomass insecticide includes following according to parts by weight
Ingredient：3 parts of honeysuckle, 2 parts of mulberry leaves, 2 parts of Chinese lobelia, 8 parts of purslane, 6 parts of alternanthera, 6 parts of Chinese prickly ash, 3 parts of eucalyptus oil, lemon
6 parts of grass, 4 parts of tobacco, 3 parts of ginkgo leaf, 3 parts of cloves, 2 parts of ginger, 3 parts of nimbin, 2 parts of emulsifier, 35 parts of water.
Embodiment 2
A kind of implantation methods for reducing pest and disease damage, improving wax gourd yield, include the following steps；
S1. selection of land and site preparation
Select soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, melon fertile husky earth or clay loam was not planted in 3~4 years as
Planting site plays furrow plantation, and furrow face is 2 meters wide, 0.4 meter of furrow width, and furrow are 0.5 meter high；In furrow center, trench digging item applies fertilizer to the subsoil.The base fertilizer is pressed
Include following raw material according to parts by weight：The base fertilizer includes following raw material according to parts by weight：40 parts of pond sludge, 30 parts of stalk, animal excreta
Just 35 parts, 15 parts of oyster shell whiting, 20 parts of oil meal, 8 parts of acid-sludge, 0.05 part of compost fermentation agent, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate, sulphur
0.5 part of sour copper, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
S2. seed soaking, vernalization
The wax gourd kind that selection selection cold resistance is good, disease resistance is strong, yield is high, selects the seed of wherein full grains, uses
The sub- 20min disinfections of bactericidal liquid seed soaking, sterilized seed are immersed in clear water 5~6 hours again after being cleaned with clear water；It is then placed in
Vernalization in germinating box, it is 22~26 DEG C to keep temperature, and seed prepares sowing after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally.The bactericidal liquid is 0.1%~1% Gao Meng
Sour potassium solution or 3%~6% hydrogen peroxide solution.
S3. nursery
By step S2, treated that gourd seed is seeded in seedlings nursing plate, is after planting laid with the Nutrition Soil of 2~3cm thickness；Institute
It includes 55 parts of following raw material soil, fertile 15 parts decomposed, 5 parts of turfy soil, 10 parts of weathered coal, bone meal that Nutrition Soil, which is stated, according to parts by weight
10 parts, 15 parts of wormcast, 3 parts of molasses, 3 parts of inorganic fertilizer, 0.5 part of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Control plantation temperature daytime is 26~28 DEG C during wax gourd nursery, and night is 18~20 DEG C, after sowing 5 days, every 2
Spray within~5 days the antimicrobial fluid that mass concentration is 2%, the amount of spraying be every plant 15g/ times.The antimicrobial fluid is according to parts by weight packet
Include following raw material：5 parts of Malus spectabilis extracting solution, 5 parts of allicin, 3 parts of rose of Sharon extracting solution, 3 parts of felwort extracting solution, radix stellariae dichotomae extracting solution
3 parts, 4 parts of lemon oil.
S4. it is colonized
In the same size, 2~4 true leaves wax gourd seedlings are selected to be colonized, per drill planting a line wax gourd, spacing in the rows 60~
80cm, mu plant 450~550 plants, root water are drenched after plant.
S5. Cultivate administration
It is whole climing：After field planting when wax gourd 30~50cm of height of seedling built draws climing, the high 1.5m of frame；All lateral bines are extractd before sitting melon,
2~3 lateral bines are stayed when weighing 3~4 kilograms to melon.
Fertilising：It is colonized after-applied base manure and soil insecticide.
The base manure includes following raw material according to parts by weight：100 parts of animal wastes, 20 parts of urea, 15 parts of ammonium hydrogen carbonate, calcium
15 parts of magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer, 15 parts of shrimp shell meal, 5 parts of ammonium humate, 20 parts of selenium-rich kaolin, 3 parts of 0.005% sodium selenite, oyster shell powder
15 parts.
The soil insecticide includes following raw material according to parts by weight：1 part of biennial wormwood extract, 15 parts of wolf's fang soap, medicine fish Teng 5
Part, 10 parts of oleander extract, 3 parts of cypermethrin, 20 parts of organic silicon emulsion and 50 parts of ethyl acetate.
Post flowering applied primary, application organic fertilizer every 10~20 days, then foliage spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer I, the richness
Selenium foliar fertilizer I includes potash fertilizer, selenium fertilizer, micro- fertilizer and organic fertilizer.
After fruit setting, applied primary, organic fertilizer and composite fertilizer every 5~10 days, then foliage spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer II,
The selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer II includes potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, selenium fertilizer, micro- fertilizer and organic fertilizer.
Micro- fertilizer includes following component：Calcium 4~6%, potassium 5~10%, zinc 1~3%, iron 1~3%, magnesium 2~4%, copper
0.2~1%, manganese 0.2~1%, cobalt 0.01~0.05%, iodine 0.01~0.05%, selenium 0.01~0.03%, molybdenum 0.01~
0.03%, chromium 0.01~0.03%, surplus is water.
Insect-pest：Before arriving first melon picking of plant base portion after field planting, the antibacterial for being 3% with mass concentration every 4~6 days
Liquid sprays plant, the amount of spraying be every plant 50g/ times.
As a result after, biomass insecticide was sprayed every 8~15 days.The biomass insecticide includes following according to parts by weight
Ingredient：5 parts of honeysuckle, 5 parts of mulberry leaves, 1 part of Chinese lobelia, 10 parts of purslane, 5 parts of alternanthera, 6 parts of Chinese prickly ash, 5 parts of eucalyptus oil, lemon
5 parts of lemon grass, 3 parts of tobacco, 3 parts of ginkgo leaf, 2 parts of cloves, 3 parts of ginger, 5 parts of nimbin, 1 part of emulsifier, 30 parts of water.
Comparative example 1
A kind of wax gourd implantation methods, step S1, S2 and S3 is identical, and step S4 uses only use composite fertilizer and organic fertilizer root
Fertilising, insecticide do not use soil insecticide, spray common insecticides.
Comparative example 2
A kind of wax gourd implantation methods, step S1, S3 and S4 is identical, and seedling raising process does not spray antimicrobial fluid and Nutrition Soil.
It is chosen respectively with area, with the experimental plot of area, wax gourd is planted according to the method for embodiment 1-2 and comparative example 1-2,
And calculate illness rate after nursery illness rate, survival rate of seedling, field planting, residue of pesticide (organophosphor) and individual weighed average, mu
Yield, data such as the following table 1.
Comparative example data do not compare the different embodiments of table 1
From the data of embodiment 1-2, comparative example 1-2 and table 1, it can be deduced that, implantation methods using the present invention plant the winter
Melon improves survival rate of seedling and reduces illness rate after field planting, per mu yield raising 10~20%, and individual weight raising 5~
10%, and edible safety is high.
Above description is the detailed description for the present invention preferably possible embodiments, but embodiment is not limited to this hair
Bright patent claim.The same changes or modifications change completed under technical concept suggested by all present invention, should all belong to
In the covered the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of implantation methods for reducing pest and disease damage, improving wax gourd yield, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
S1. selection of land and site preparation
Select soil layer is deep, the soil is porous, melon fertile husky earth or clay loam was not planted in 3~4 years as plantation
Ground plays furrow plantation, and furrow face is 2 meters wide, 0.4 meter of furrow width, and furrow are 0.5 meter high；In furrow center, trench digging item applies fertilizer to the subsoil；
S2. seed soaking, vernalization
The wax gourd kind that selection selection cold resistance is good, disease resistance is strong, yield is high, selects the seed of wherein full grains, with sterilization
The sub- 20min disinfections of liquid seed soaking, sterilized seed are immersed in clear water 5~6 hours again after being cleaned with clear water；It is then placed in vernalization
Vernalization in case, it is 22~26 DEG C to keep temperature, and seed prepares sowing after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally；
S3. nursery
By step S2, treated that gourd seed is seeded in seedlings nursing plate, is after planting laid with the Nutrition Soil of 2~3cm thickness；
Control plantation temperature daytime is 26~28 DEG C during wax gourd nursery, and night is 18~20 DEG C, after sowing 5 days, every 2~5
It sprays the antimicrobial fluid that mass concentration is 1%~3%, the amount of spraying be every plant 10~15g/ times；
S4. it is colonized
In the same size, 2~4 true leaves wax gourd seedlings are selected to be colonized, per drill planting a line wax gourd, 60~80cm of spacing in the rows, mu
450~550 plants are planted, root water is drenched after plant；
S5. Cultivate administration
It is whole climing：After field planting when wax gourd 30~50cm of height of seedling built draws climing, the high 1~1.5m of frame；All lateral bines are extractd before sitting melon, until
Melon stays 2~3 lateral bines when weighing 3~4 kilograms；
Fertilising：It is colonized after-applied base manure and soil insecticide；
Post flowering applied primary, application organic fertilizer every 10~20 days, then foliage spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer I, the selenium-rich leaf
Leaven I includes potash fertilizer, selenium fertilizer, micro- fertilizer and organic fertilizer；
After fruit setting, applied once every 5~10 days, organic fertilizer and composite fertilizer, then foliage spray selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer II, described
Selenium-enriched foliage fertilizer II includes potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, selenium fertilizer, micro- fertilizer and organic fertilizer；
Insect-pest：To before the picking of plant base portion first melon after field planting, every 4~6 days with mass concentration be 3%~5% it is anti-
Bacterium solution sprays plant, the amount of spraying be every plant 20~50g/ times；As a result after, biomass insecticide was sprayed every 8~15 days.
2. the implantation methods according to claim 1 for reducing pest and disease damage, improving wax gourd yield, which is characterized in that step S1
In, the base fertilizer includes following raw material according to parts by weight：30~40 parts of pond sludge, 20~30 parts of stalk, 30~35 parts of animal wastes,
15~20 parts of oyster shell whiting, 20~30 parts of oil meal, 5~8 parts of acid-sludge, 0.02~0.05 part of compost fermentation agent, ferrous sulfate 5~10
Part, 5~10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5~10 parts of calcium superphosphate, 8~15 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5~1 part of copper sulphate.
3. the implantation methods according to claim 1 for reducing pest and disease damage, improving wax gourd yield, which is characterized in that step S2
In, the bactericidal liquid is 0.1%~1% liquor potassic permanganate or 3%~6% hydrogen peroxide solution.
4. the implantation methods according to claim 1 for reducing pest and disease damage, improving wax gourd yield, which is characterized in that step S3
In, the Nutrition Soil includes following raw material according to parts by weight：50~55 parts of soil, fertile 8~15 parts decomposed, 5~10 parts of turfy soil,
5~10 parts of weathered coal, 5~10 parts of bone meal, 8~15 parts of wormcast, 3~5 parts of molasses, 3~5 parts of inorganic fertilizer, nitrogen-fixing bacteria 0.5~1
Part.
5. the implantation methods according to claim 1 for reducing pest and disease damage, improving wax gourd yield, which is characterized in that step S3
In S5, the antimicrobial fluid includes following raw material according to parts by weight：1~5 part of Malus spectabilis extracting solution, 1~5 part of allicin, the rose of Sharon carry
Take 3~8 parts of liquid, 1~3 part of felwort extracting solution, 1~3 part of radix stellariae dichotomae extracting solution, 2~4 parts of lemon oil.
6. the implantation methods according to claim 1 for reducing pest and disease damage, improving wax gourd yield, which is characterized in that step S5
In, the soil insecticide includes following raw material according to parts by weight：1~5 part of biennial wormwood extract, 10~15 parts of wolf's fang soap, medicine fish
5~8 parts of Teng, 3~10 parts of oleander extract, 3~6 parts of cypermethrin, 15~20 parts of organic silicon emulsion and ethyl acetate 50~
60 parts.
7. the implantation methods according to claim 1 for reducing pest and disease damage, improving wax gourd yield, which is characterized in that step S5
In, the base manure includes following raw material according to parts by weight：80~100 parts of animal wastes, 20~30 parts of urea, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 10~
20 parts, 10~20 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 10~20 parts of shrimp shell meal, 5~10 parts of ammonium humate, 10~20 parts of selenium-rich kaolin,
0.005% 1~5 part of sodium selenite, 10~15 parts of oyster shell powder.
8. the implantation methods according to claim 1 for reducing pest and disease damage, improving wax gourd yield, which is characterized in that step S4
In, the biomass insecticide includes following component according to parts by weight：2~5 parts of honeysuckle, 1~5 part of mulberry leaves, Chinese lobelia 1~
3 parts, 5~10 parts of purslane, 5~10 parts of alternanthera, 5~10 parts of Chinese prickly ash, 2~5 parts of eucalyptus oil, 5~10 parts of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), tobacco 1
~5 parts, 2~4 parts of ginkgo leaf, 2~4 parts of cloves, 1~3 part of ginger, 2~5 parts of nimbin, 1~3 part of emulsifier, water 30~40
Part.
9. the implantation methods according to claim 1 for reducing pest and disease damage, improving wax gourd yield, which is characterized in that step S4
In, micro- fertilizer includes following component：Calcium 4~6%, potassium 5~10%, zinc 1~3%, iron 1~3%, magnesium 2~4%, copper 0.2~
1%, manganese 0.2~1%, cobalt 0.01~0.05%, iodine 0.01~0.05%, selenium 0.01~0.03%, molybdenum 0.01~0.03%, chromium
0.01~0.03%, surplus is water.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111533599A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-08-14 | 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Nutrient management method for simultaneously increasing content of tartronic acid in white gourd fruits and improving shapes of white gourd fruits |
| CN114451095A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-05-10 | 重庆市林业科学研究院 | Method for improving germination rate of cinnamomum pantherinum seeds |
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| CN111533599B (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2021-12-17 | 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Nutrient management method for simultaneously increasing content of tartronic acid in white gourd fruits and improving shapes of white gourd fruits |
| CN114451095A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-05-10 | 重庆市林业科学研究院 | Method for improving germination rate of cinnamomum pantherinum seeds |
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Application publication date: 20181009 |