Background
Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) is a catfish of the genus Pelteobagrus in the family of Pseudobagrus. The yellow catfish is a small and medium-sized economic fish with extremely wide distribution in China, has slightly flat side, shorter and thicker body, flat abdomen, naked body without scales and obvious back arrises; the head is large and flat, the eye is small and is positioned on the upper position of the front part of the head, and the mouth is large. There are 4 pairs of whiskers, the upper jaw is the longest, the lower jaw is 2 pairs, and the lateral side is longer than the medial side; the back fin has rough hard thorn back edge, unobvious saw teeth and short fat fin. The pectoral fins are fan-shaped, hard and coarse, the front edge and the rear edge are provided with sawteeth, the rear edge is developed, and the front edge is small and has 21-25 hip fin lines; the tail fin is in a deep fork shape, and the tail handle is shorter. The yellow catfish is yellow in overall appearance, irregular black spots are formed on the body side, the back is yellow brown, the belly is light yellow or milk white, and each fin is gray black.
The yellow catfish is rich in protein, mineral elements such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium and the like, is rich in nutrition, also has medical values such as engendering liquid and nourishing, is delicious in taste and many in eating ways, can basically adapt to consumption habits in all places in China, and is an economical special fish which is deeply loved by consumers.
In the process of artificial breeding scale expansion of the yellow catfish in recent years, diseases of the yellow catfish frequently occur, except common head cracking diseases, hepatobiliary syndrome, ascites and other diseases, new diseases also appear in succession in recent years, and intestinal sclerosis is just one of the diseases. The reasons for causing the intestinal sclerosis of fishes are various, and the most main reason is that the intestinal microbial structure is changed, so that intestinal chorion and intestinal wall structures are changed, the toughness is reduced, and finally the digestive function of the intestinal tract is reduced. The intestinal tract of the yellow catfish diseased fish is mainly characterized by thickened intestinal wall, poor toughness, local curling, caking of intestinal contents, obvious segmentation, low digestion degree and unsmooth diarrhea. The intestinal tract is used as the most important digestive organ of the fish body, if pathological changes occur, the digestive absorption of the fish body on bait nutrition is seriously influenced, and under the trend of artificial high-density culture, the bait is seriously wasted, so that the culture cost is increased, and the bait coefficient is increased. Meanwhile, the intestinal sclerosis may cause other diseases such as ascites, hepatobiliary syndrome and the like, and the harm is small. The intestinal tract of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is sensitive, the intestinal tract integrates the functions of digestion, absorption, secretion, immunity and the like, and the intestinal lesion directly influences the overall health condition of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco. At present, the artificial compound feed does not have a function of specially aiming at intestinal sclerosis of the yellow catfish, and in the breeding process, the mixed feed is only aimed at diseases such as liver and gall, ascites type enteritis and the like during oral administration, and the intestinal sclerosis phenomenon cannot be effectively treated.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to provide an additive for improving intestinal sclerosis of pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The additive can improve intestinal sclerosis of the yellow catfish, recover intestinal health and enhance the ingestion and nutrient absorption digestibility of the fish body.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an additive for improving intestinal sclerosis of pelteobagrus fulvidraco comprises the following raw materials: angelica, oriental wormwood, endothelium corneum gigeriae galli, dried orange peel, rhizoma atractylodis, rheum officinale, allicin, purslane, rhizoma alismatis and hawthorn.
The feed additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-20% of angelica, 5-15% of oriental wormwood, 10-15% of endothelium corneum gigeriae galli, 5-15% of dried orange peel, 5-12% of rhizoma atractylodis, 5-15% of rheum officinale, 5-10% of allicin, 5-15% of purslane, 10-15% of rhizoma alismatis and 5-15% of hawthorn.
Further, the material is preferably composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 15% of angelica, 8% of oriental wormwood, 12% of endothelium corneum gigeriae galli, 10% of dried orange peel, 10% of rhizoma atractylodis, 12% of rheum officinale, 5% of allicin, 10% of purslane, 10% of rhizoma alismatis and 8% of hawthorn.
The preparation method of the additive for improving intestinal sclerosis of the yellow catfish comprises the following steps: mixing the above raw materials at a certain ratio, boiling with boiling water for 3 times, mixing the medicinal liquids for 3 times, concentrating to 50mL, oven drying the filtered residue, pulverizing with a pulverizer, sieving with a 60 mesh sieve, and mixing the concentrated solution and the pulverized residue uniformly.
The application method of the additive for improving intestinal sclerosis of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco is that the additive is added into the basic feed of the pelteobagrus fulvidraco according to the mass percentage of 0.1-0.15%, and the mixture is uniformly mixed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to an additive capable of improving intestinal sclerosis of pelteobagrus fulvidraco, which consists of angelica sinensis, oriental wormwood, endothelium corneum gigeriae galli, dried orange peel, rhizoma atractylodis, rheum officinale, allicin, purslane, rhizoma alismatis and hawthorn. The angelica and the rhubarb have the functions of moistening dryness, lubricating intestines, removing food retention, promoting excretion of intestinal contents and improving the immunity of the organism; herba Artemisiae Scopariae contains volatile oil, alcohol extract, 6, 7-dimethoxy coumarin, etc., and has effects in promoting bile secretion and digestion and absorption; the dried orange peel can relieve the swelling ascites phenomenon caused by dyspepsia; the ethanol extracts in the allicin and the purslane have good antibacterial effect on escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and the like in intestinal tracts, and the allicin has a good food calling function and can improve the food intake enthusiasm of fish bodies; the alisma orientale contains triterpenes such as alisol A acetate, alisol B acetate and the like, so that the liver of a fish body can be effectively protected, and an important protection barrier is provided for intestinal health; the hawthorn is rich in vitamin C, vitamin B, carotene and various organic acids, can effectively stimulate the secretion of digestive enzyme and promote and enhance the gastrointestinal digestion function of fish bodies. The invention selects and compounds the components, and the components cooperate with each other to greatly improve the efficacy of the additive, which is far better than the sum of the efficacies of the components used alone.
The intestinal canal treatment method can effectively prevent and improve intestinal canal hardening of the yellow catfish, recover intestinal canal toughness, enhance the digestion function of the intestinal canal and improve the ingestion enthusiasm of fish bodies.
Detailed Description
In order to better explain the problems to be solved, the technical solutions adopted and the beneficial effects achieved by the technical solutions of the present invention, further description will be given with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the technical solutions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following embodiments.
The specific techniques or conditions not specified in the examples of the present invention are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specification. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional products which can be obtained by commercial purchase and the like.
Example 1:
the additive for improving intestinal sclerosis of the yellow catfish comprises the following active ingredient raw materials of angelica sinensis, oriental wormwood, dried orange peel, rheum officinale, allicin, purslane, rhizoma alismatis and hawthorn, and the active ingredient raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 16% of angelica, 5% of oriental wormwood, 12% of endothelium corneum gigeriae galli, 6% of dried orange peel, 8% of rhizoma atractylodis, 10% of rheum officinale, 5% of allicin, 12% of purslane, 15% of rhizoma alismatis and 11% of hawthorn.
Boiling the raw materials with boiled water for 3 times, mixing the medicinal liquids for 3 times, concentrating to 50mL, drying the filtered medicinal residues, pulverizing with a pulverizer, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, mixing well, and making into additive.
Example 2:
the additive for improving intestinal sclerosis of the yellow catfish comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10% of angelica sinensis, 10% of oriental wormwood, 14% of endothelium corneum gigeriae galli, 12% of dried orange peel, 12% of rhizoma atractylodis, 15% of rheum officinale, 6% of allicin, 6% of purslane, 10% of rhizoma alismatis and 5% of hawthorn.
Boiling the raw materials with boiled water for 3 times, mixing the medicinal liquids for 3 times, concentrating to 50mL, drying the filtered medicinal residues, pulverizing with a pulverizer, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, mixing well, and making into additive.
Example 3:
the additive for improving intestinal sclerosis of the yellow catfish comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 15% of angelica, 8% of oriental wormwood, 12% of endothelium corneum gigeriae galli, 10% of dried orange peel, 10% of rhizoma atractylodis, 12% of rheum officinale, 5% of allicin, 10% of purslane, 10% of rhizoma alismatis and 8% of hawthorn.
Boiling the raw materials with boiled water for 3 times, mixing the medicinal liquids for 3 times, concentrating to 50mL, drying the filtered medicinal residues, pulverizing with a pulverizer, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, mixing well, and making into additive.
Example 4:
the additive for improving intestinal sclerosis of the yellow catfish comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 20% of angelica sinensis, 5% of oriental wormwood, 10% of endothelium corneum gigeriae galli, 15% of dried orange peel, 5% of rhizoma atractylodis, 5% of rheum officinale, 10% of allicin, 15% of purslane, 10% of rhizoma alismatis and 5% of hawthorn.
Boiling the raw materials with boiled water for 3 times, mixing the medicinal liquids for 3 times, concentrating to 50mL, drying the filtered medicinal residues, pulverizing with a pulverizer, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, mixing well, and making into additive.
Example 5
The additive for improving intestinal sclerosis of the yellow catfish comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 15% of angelica, 5% of oriental wormwood, 11% of endothelium corneum gigeriae galli, 5% of dried orange peel, 10% of rhizoma atractylodis, 8% of rheum officinale, 8% of allicin, 15% of purslane, 13% of rhizoma alismatis and 10% of hawthorn.
Boiling the raw materials with boiled water for 3 times, mixing the medicinal liquids for 3 times, concentrating to 50mL, drying the filtered medicinal residues, pulverizing with a pulverizer, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, mixing well, and making into additive.
Example 6
The additive for improving intestinal sclerosis of the yellow catfish comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 11% of angelica sinensis, 15% of oriental wormwood, 15% of endothelium corneum gigeriae galli, 5% of dried orange peel, 6% of rhizoma atractylodis, 9% of rheum officinale, 10% of allicin, 13% of purslane, 10% of rhizoma alismatis and 6% of hawthorn.
Boiling the raw materials with boiled water for 3 times, mixing the medicinal liquids for 3 times, concentrating to 50mL, drying the filtered medicinal residues, pulverizing with a pulverizer, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, mixing well, and making into additive.
Cultivation example:
1. design of experiments
1.1 materials and methods
Weighing 150g of angelica sinensis, 80g of oriental wormwood, 120g of endothelium corneum gigeriae galli, 100g of dried orange peel, 100g of rhizoma atractylodis, 120g of rheum officinale, 50g of allicin, 100g of purslane, 100g of rhizoma alismatis and 80g of hawthorn, preparing 1kg of raw materials, boiling the raw materials with boiled water for 3 times, mixing the liquid medicines for 3 times, concentrating the liquid medicines into 50mL of the liquid medicines, drying the filtered medicine residues, crushing the medicine residues with a crusher, sieving the medicine residues with a 60-mesh sieve, uniformly mixing the medicine residues, and preparing the additive. Adding into compound feed (from market) of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco according to the proportion of 0% (control group), 0.1%, 0.12%, 0.13%, and 0.15%, respectively, and making into experimental feed.
1.2 test animals and groups
Selecting healthy and disease-free pelteobagrus fulvidraco with regular specification, dividing the pelteobagrus fulvidraco into 5 groups, and putting 30 pelteobagrus fulvidraco into each group, wherein the initial weight is (5.0 +/-0.1) g/tail.
1.3 Breeding management
Feeding for 2 times (8:00 and 18:00) every day, keeping the dissolved oxygen of the aquaculture water body above 6mg/L, and recording the weight gain, death and final intestinal sclerosis of the fish body in the test process.
1.4 data Collection and analysis
And after the test fish is raised for 8 weeks, weighing the final fish weight, dissecting the fish body, observing the intestinal canal hardening condition, and counting the number to analyze the proportion of the intestinal canal hardening fish body. The results are as follows:
TABLE 1 intestinal sclerosis improving effect of different additive dosages on yellow catfish
From the results, in the pelteobagrus fulvidraco groups with the additive ratio of 0.1%, 0.12%, 0.13% and 0.15%, the weight average of the powder bodies is larger than that of the control group, and compared with the control group, the intestinal hardening ratio is improved to different degrees, specifically, the intestinal hardening ratio is gradually reduced. Dissecting the fish body, and finding that the pelteobagrus fulvidraco group added with additives in proportions of 0.1%, 0.12%, 0.13% and 0.15% has good intestinal tract toughness, little curling and hardening phenomenon, moderate dilution of intestinal tract contents, normal distribution of the contents in intestines, no edema phenomenon in the abdomen and better liver health condition than the control pelteobagrus fulvidraco group. Therefore, the proper proportion of the additive is recommended to be in the range of 0.1-0.15% in percentage by mass.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more and more detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.