CN1085962C - 柔性防水防油复合材料 - Google Patents
柔性防水防油复合材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1085962C CN1085962C CN97195769A CN97195769A CN1085962C CN 1085962 C CN1085962 C CN 1085962C CN 97195769 A CN97195769 A CN 97195769A CN 97195769 A CN97195769 A CN 97195769A CN 1085962 C CN1085962 C CN 1085962C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- composite
- layer
- polymer
- water
- wet goods
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000013047 polymeric layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 41
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 32
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 32
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 32
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 24
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000010148 water-pollination Effects 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013007 heat curing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002648 laminated material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical class [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid monoamide Natural products NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013008 moisture curing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011527 polyurethane coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- PVYJZLYGTZKPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N streptonigrin Chemical compound C=1C=C2C(=O)C(OC)=C(N)C(=O)C2=NC=1C(C=1N)=NC(C(O)=O)=C(C)C=1C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1O PVYJZLYGTZKPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000006325 2-propenyl amino group Chemical group [H]C([H])=C([H])C([H])([H])N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001730 Moisture cure polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ABDBNWQRPYOPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonofluoridic acid Chemical compound OC(F)=O ABDBNWQRPYOPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- OEBRKCOSUFCWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorvos Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC=C(Cl)Cl OEBRKCOSUFCWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005108 dry cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960002796 polystyrene sulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011970 polystyrene sulfonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007115 recruitment Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/02—Layered materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
- A41D31/10—Impermeable to liquids, e.g. waterproof; Liquid-repellent
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
- B32B27/322—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising halogenated polyolefins, e.g. PTFE
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
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- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/04—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06N3/047—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds with fluoropolymers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/18—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with two layers of different macromolecular materials
- D06N3/183—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with two layers of different macromolecular materials the layers are one next to the other
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/02—Cellular or porous
- B32B2305/026—Porous
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
- B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2327/00—Polyvinylhalogenides
- B32B2327/12—Polyvinylhalogenides containing fluorine
- B32B2327/18—PTFE, i.e. polytetrafluoroethylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2375/00—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2437/00—Clothing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249978—Voids specified as micro
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249978—Voids specified as micro
- Y10T428/24998—Composite has more than two layers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
- Y10T428/249991—Synthetic resin or natural rubbers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/3154—Of fluorinated addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31544—Addition polymer is perhalogenated
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
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Abstract
本发明提供不能透过空气、防液态水、能透过水汽和高度疏油性的复合材料,其中一些具有更高的透水汽性。最广义地说,该复合材料包括:能透过水汽、疏油性和防液态水的微孔聚合物层。该层与不能透过空气、防液态水但能透过水汽分子的聚合物层接触。疏油性微孔聚合物层提供了更高的疏油性。在另一情况下,在不透过空气的聚合物层的另一面上也可有第三层微孔、能透过水汽的聚合物。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及柔性层压复合材料,这种材料特别适用于防水但能透过水汽的织物材料或由其制成的衣服。
发明的背景
已知用于雨衣的材料具有一层发泡微孔聚四氟乙烯(发泡微孔聚四氟乙烯)或多孔聚丙烯,参见Gore等的美国专利4,194,041或Henn的美国专利4,969,998。在Gore的美国专利3,953,566中揭示的发泡微孔防水聚四氟乙烯材料特别适用于此用途。它是防液态水的,但能让汗水的水汽通过。聚氨酯类和其它聚合物也已可用于此用途。为了使用于织物方面(textile sector)的材料具有良好的柔韧性,应使所述的微孔层尽可能薄。然而,膜比较薄通常会导致性能降低,而且涂层薄具有防水性下降的危险。
美国专利4,194,041提到了在微孔聚合物上使用另外的涂层,该涂层是基于能通过扩散运送水汽分子的不透气薄涂层,它由聚醚聚氨酯或聚全氟磺酸组成。使用这种薄的涂层是为了减少表面活性剂和污染物透过聚合物。由于聚合物的化学结构,在微孔结构上的这种单一涂层显示出高的运送水分子通过聚合物材料的能力(高的透水汽性)。该薄膜应涂得尽可能薄,以不影响柔韧性,并向复合材料提供充分的保护。而且,对于较厚的单一薄膜,透水汽性大大降低。
本领域中也描述了用于微孔材料的其它涂层。例如,EP 0581168(三菱)描述了甲基丙烯酸氟化烷基酯和丙烯酸氟化烷基酯在聚烯烃膜上的应用。这些物质与聚合物基材物理结合,且含有交联单体。这种物质一般以氟化溶剂中的溶液形式进行涂布。涂布后,除去溶剂。这种情况类似用无定形含氟聚合物溶液处理聚合物的方法(WO92/10532)。
含氟聚合物的溶液也包含在用特氟隆AF涂布发泡微孔聚四氟乙烯的专利中(EP 0561875)。WO91/01791(Gelman Sciences Technology)、EP 0561277(Millipore)/美国专利5,217,802提出用含氟单体和交联剂处理微孔膜。处理后进行聚合。WO 92/21715提及了全氟聚醚与发泡微孔聚四氟乙烯相结合用作防水面层。
为了改善防水性能,EP 0594154提出了用碳氟化合物乳液喷涂的疏油化和疏水化织物基底。
美国专利4,969,998中揭示了一类复合膜。在该膜中,内层材料部分渗入微孔外层的孔中。作为微孔外层的材料,提到了微孔发泡微泡聚四氟乙烯。作为内层,提到了聚醚-聚硫醚。后一种材料在一定程度上填入微孔层的孔中,但始终是密封的、无定形的和无孔的。据报道,该复合材料的湿气透过速度高于上述层压材料的湿气透过速度。然而,当该复合材料用作雨衣的纺织层压材料时,发现在极大的运动负荷下形成大量汗液,这些汗液并不总能散发到环境中而没有残留物。残留在服装内的汗液对于良好的触觉和穿着舒适有不良的影响。
发明概述
本发明的目的是提供柔性防液态水但能透过水汽的复合材料。这种复合材料具有更高的耐污染性,特别是耐油污性。更高的疏油性提高了这种复合材料在服装和分离用途方面的应用。
本发明的另一个目的是提供具有更高的水汽透过速率的复合材料。
本发明的复合材料是柔性、防液态水、疏油、能透过水汽的复合材料。
在最简单的第一种实施方式中,该复合材料是:
(a)能透过水汽、疏油和防液态水的微孔聚合物层,所述的聚合物层粘合到
(b)能透过水汽但不透气的聚合物层。
微孔聚合物具有贯穿内部结构的空隙。这些空隙形成从一侧到另一侧的相互连接的连续空气通路。
在一种实施方式中,本发明的复合材料仅由上述的(a)和(b)层构成。
在第二种实施方式中,在不透气聚合物层的另一侧可有第三层,即微孔聚合物层(c)。(c)层也能透过水汽。它可以由(a)层所用的相同聚合物制成,或可以是不同的聚合物。较好是相同的聚合物。
在优选的实施方式中,微孔聚合物层例如是发泡微孔聚四氟乙烯薄膜。
在第二种实施方式的一种情况下,(c)膜可以是疏水的。在另一种情况下,它也可以是疏油的。在还有一种情况下,可以使它疏油。在再有一种情况下,它是亲水的。
用疏油聚合物(如具有重复侧接的氟化侧链的聚合物)处理,可使(a)层疏油。三氟甲基位于与聚合物主链连接的重复侧接的烷基全氟烷基(alkyl-perfluoroalkyl)的末端。特别有用的是具有丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物主链的聚合物。在一个实施方式中,微孔薄膜由涂有一种具有与聚合物主链连接的全氟烷基CF3-(CF2)n-(n≥0)的物质的发泡微孔聚四氟乙烯构成。
在后一种情况下(即(c)层是亲水的),现已发现,当服装中使用含有层(c)的复合材料且该层在最里面时,从里到外的湿气透过速度出人意料地大于本发明的其它三层复合材料之一的湿气透过速度。这一令人吃惊的现象可能是由于当界面上存在液态水时,中间层(b)的湿气透过速度以过量比例增加的缘故。具有亲水性能的微孔内层的作用就象海绵类,吸收形成的汗液,并将其散布于较大的表面积上,使边界层至内部扩散层上的各个水分子容易通过,或者以较高的浓度进入溶液,因此更快地迁移或扩散至外侧。
用已知的方法可使微孔层(c)具有亲水性,例如使用美国专利5,209,850中所述的方法。在美国专利5,352,511和5,354,587中提到了使微孔聚合物具有亲水性的方法。DE-A 4243955也是关于使氟聚合物类的起初防水层具有亲水性。其它的处理方法如下所述。
发明详述
定义
“柔性的”是指容易弯曲,即柔软的。
“防液态水”是指在13.8kN/M2的水压下材料是防水的。
“疏油的”是指材料的耐油性等于1或更大。
“微孔的”是指材料具有穿透内部结构的非常小的细微孔隙,形成从一面至另一面相互连接的连续的气体通路。
“不透气的”是指经下述的Gurley试验测定至少两分钟内观察不到气流。
“可透水汽”是指MVTR或者每24小时至少1000克/米2,较好为每24小时2000克/米2。
“亲水性”材料是指多孔材料,当遇到液态水而不加压时,其孔隙中充满液态水。
“粘合于”是指层与层表面接触或层(b)全部或部分浸入层(a)的孔中,以及通过使用粘合剂进行粘合。
适宜的用于层(a)和层(c)的微孔聚合物包括含氟聚合物,如聚四氟乙烯或聚偏二氟乙烯;聚烯烃,如聚乙烯或聚丙烯;聚酰胺;聚酯;聚砜、聚醚砜及其混合物,聚碳酸酯,聚氨酯。为了获得柔韧性,这些层应是薄的。
如果层(a)的微孔聚合物不是天然疏油性的,则可用疏油性材料对它进行处理,使它具有疏油性。在聚合物上涂布疏油性材料的常用方法是通过在其表面浸渍、涂漆、喷涂、辊涂或刷涂液体以涂覆液体形式的材料(如该材料的熔体、溶液或胶乳液分散体)。涂布进行到微孔结构的内部表面被涂覆为止,而不是进行到充满孔隙,因为这样会损害或严重降低该层的透水汽性。因此,存在疏油性聚合物对孔隙率影响很小;也就是说,确定微孔聚合物中孔隙的壁较好仅有很薄的疏油性聚合物涂层。通过改变该溶液或分散体的浓度、固体含量,和/或改变涂布温度或压力,可完成涂布这种疏油性材料。
常见的疏油性组合物是疏油性碳氟化合物。例如,该碳氟化合物可以是含有全氟烷基CF3-(CF2)n-(n≥0)的物质。可以使用如下的化合物或疏油性材料。
具有CF3侧基的非极性全氟聚醚,如Fomblin Y-Ausimont;Krytox-DuPont;
非极性全氟醚与极性单官能全氟聚醚PFPE的混合物(购自Ausimont的Fomblin和Galden MF品级);
极性非水溶性全氟聚醚,如具有磷酸酯、硅烷或酰胺端基的Galden MF;
非极性全氟聚醚与单体形式或聚合物形式的甲基丙烯酸氟化烷基酯和丙烯酸氟化烷基酯的混合物。
上述化合物例如可在水溶液或乳液中用紫外辐射交联。
也可使用如下的物质:
全氟聚醚基微乳状液(参见EP 0615779,Fomblin Fe20微乳状液)。
硅氧烷和全氟烷基取代的(甲基)丙烯酸酯的共聚物型的乳状液(Hoechst);
全氟化或部分氟化的共聚物或三元共聚物(一种组分至少含有六氟丙烯或全氟烷基乙烯基醚)型的乳状液;
全氟烷基取代的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯和共聚物型的乳状液(旭硝子,Hoechst,DuPont等的产品)。
全氟烷基取代的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯和共聚物型的乳状液(WU,美国专利5,539,072;美国专利5,460,872);
聚电解质与长链全氟表面活性剂的配合物(参见美国专利4,228,975),根据该文献优选使用的化合物是:PFPE-COOH(带有末端羧基的全氟聚醚)、全氟羧酸,CF3-(CF2)n-COOH n>6。
全氟烷基磺酸,如CF3-(CF2)n-SO2OH n>6。
在一个实施方式中,该涂料包括全氟聚醚或各种全氟聚醚的混合物的无溶剂体系。
众所周知,-(CF2)n-CF3侧链基团使聚合物具有非常低的表面能值,因此它具有良好的耐油和耐水性。这些代表性的疏油性聚合物可由具有侧链全氟烷基的有机单体制备。它们包括用如下通式表示的带有末端全氟烷基的丙烯酸氟代烷基酯和甲基丙烯酸氟代烷基酯:式中n是1到21的基数,m是1到10的基数,R是H或CH3;芳基氨基甲酸氟代烷基酯,如烯丙基氨基甲酸氟代烷基酯,如
丙烯酸化氨基甲酸氟代烷基酯;氟代烷基丙烯酰胺;丙烯酸化氟代烷基磺酰胺等。
应当理解,在全氟化烷基端基CF3-(CF2)n中难于制备n为单一数目的化合物,这种端基通常是具有不同链长的基团(n主要是5、7、9的组合)的混合物。
这些聚合物及其制备方法在本领域中是已知的。
在优选的实施方式中,这些疏油性聚合物是由聚合物颗粒直径为纳米级(0.01-0.5微米)的水性胶乳制成。这些由微乳状液制成的颗粒例如描述在Wu的美国专利5,539,072和Wu的美国专利5,460,872中。
不透气的聚合物层(b)是可透水汽的,且让各个水分子透过其分子结构。这种现象是众所周知的。但由于其性质,抑制了大量输送液体和气体。这层是非常薄的,且用作支承和阻隔层。(b)层例如可以是聚氨酯、共聚醚、共聚酯或聚硅氧烷。在这些聚合物中(特别是聚氨酯中),聚合物链中存在重复的氧亚乙基单元(-(CH2-CH2-O-)有利于水汽分子的通过。这种性质聚氨酯描述于Henn的美国专利4,532,316和Gore的美国专利4,194,041及美国专利4,942,214。氧亚乙基单元的含量可以在很大的范围内变化,如高到70%,低至10%。例如在美国专利4,725,481和美国专利4,493,870中记载的共聚醚和共聚醚酯也是有用的。也可使用聚乙烯亚胺、聚氧乙烯胺、聚氧丙烯胺、聚乙烯基胺和聚丙烯酸类。这些聚合物的闭孔泡沫塑料也是有用的。
用多种方法中的任何一种方法将不透气的聚合物层(b)与疏油性聚合物层(a)复合。不透气的聚合物可以液体混合物的液态施用,或者可以固态薄片形式施用。如果该聚合物是以薄片的形式,则可通过使这些薄片通过夹辊或施用可透气的粘合剂将它层压于疏油性膜片。或者在粘贴疏油性材料之前将微孔聚合物材料和不透气的聚合物复合。在这种变化形式中,微孔聚合物层可用刷涂或任何一种常规方法(包括喷涂或辊涂等)进行涂布处理。适用于层(b)的聚合物有透水汽但不透空气的聚氨酯,例如Hypol_2000(W.R.Grace & Co.)。它可进行预交联或施用之后进行交联。
可用于处理该微孔聚合物使它具有亲水性而使它可用作(c)层的材料包括:四氟乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物、聚丙烯酸及其共聚物、聚丙烯酰胺及其共聚物、聚乙酸乙烯酯(PVA)、聚苯乙烯磺酸盐;聚乙二醇或聚丙二醇(PEG,PPG)、亲水性聚硅氧烷;阴离子、阳离子、非离子或两性表面活性剂或混合物以及上述物质的复合体的水溶液、醇溶液或水/醇溶液。
三层复合材料(即有(c)层)的制造方法是相同的。可根据具体情况对微孔层(c)进行预处理,使其有疏油性或亲水性。如上所述,这可在该层施加前或后进行。
在一种制造三层复合材料的方法中,使用辊涂机将预交联的聚氨酯树脂与固化剂一起涂布在第一片发泡微孔聚四氟乙烯薄膜上。该涂层重量例如可为10克/平方米。然后敷上另一片微孔发泡微孔聚四氟乙烯层,并将用此方法接合的层送入两个压辊之间的狭缝,从而将尚未完全交联的树脂在一定的程度上压入微孔结构并渗入孔隙中。然而,如DE-PS2925318中所述,该聚氨酯树脂可作为成品薄膜先粘贴或层压于其中一层。接着使微孔薄膜中的一层(层(a))具有防油性。然后经上述处理使其它层具有亲水性或疏油性;或保持未处理。
所用的发泡微孔聚四氟乙烯层的厚度、密度和孔径可根据用途而不同。
本发明的复合材料可在其一侧或两侧层压织物,所得到的材料可用于制造防水但可透水汽的服装。
该复合材料可用于雨衣和运动服装。当然该复合材料也可用于其它工业领域,它可用于从溶液、蒸馏液、污水浓缩液、浓缩汁、生物体系中去除低分子量的分子,也可用于渗析领域。该应用的先决条件是中间层具有选择性扩散的性能,该中间层对于通过分子的溶解度必须高于对于欲浓缩的混合物中其它分子的溶解度。
在(c)层为亲水性的实施方式中,该复合材料较好有针孔但不导致泄漏。从里面(即面对穿着者身体的一面)通过孔渗入的水份将首先形成水滴。然而,该水滴通过毛细管力再被送入该内层,并送入中间层(b)。在该表面,水分布在整个表面上并由此以水汽形式将其排出。
测试方法
透气性/不透气性-Gurley数测定
用下述方法获得Gurley数:
用W.& L.E.Gurley & Sons制造的Gurley透气度测定仪(ASTM D726-58)测定样品耐空气流动性。根据Gurley数报告结果,该结果为在水的压降为1.215千牛/平方米时,100立方厘米的空气流经6.54平方厘米试验样品所用的时间(秒)。如果在120秒内没有观察到气体流过,则该材料是不透气的。
耐油性试验
在这些试验中,当测试薄膜复合材料时用AATCC试验方法118-1983测量油等级(oil rating)。薄膜复合材料的油等级是测试该复合材料两侧时所得的两个油等级中较低的一个。该数值越高,防油性越好。该数值一般大于1,较好大于2或更高,更好大于4或更高。
当测试薄膜复合材料与织物的层压制品时按如下方法改进试验。将三滴试验油放在织物表面。将一块玻璃板直接放在油滴上,三分钟后,观察层压制品反面的外观变化。这种外观变化表明试验油的渗透或沾污。层压制品的油等级相当于油没有湿透层压制品或反面接触油没有引起可见污渍的油最高数值(highestnumber oil)。该数值越高,耐油性越好。优选的数值一般大于1,较好大于2或更高,更好大于4或更高,最好大于6或更高。
湿汽透过速率测试(MVTR)-方法A
在本方法中,将约70毫升由35重量份乙酸钾和15重量份蒸馏水组成的溶液放入在其支座上的内径为6.5厘米的133毫升聚丙烯杯中。用授予Crosby的美国专利4,862,730中所述方法使用乙酸钾测得的最小MVTR约为60000克/(米2·24小时)的发泡微泡聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)薄膜(可从特拉华州Newark的W.L.Gore &Associates,Inc.购得)热密封含该溶液的杯口,以形成绷紧的防漏的微孔隔膜。将相似的发泡微泡聚四氟乙烯薄膜安装在一个水浴的表面。使用温控棒(temperaturecontrolled roll)和循环水浴,将水浴装置的温度控制在23℃±0.2℃。在测定之前,使待测样品处于23℃的温度和50%的相对湿度下。放置样品,使待测微孔聚合物薄膜与安装在水浴表面的发泡微泡聚四氟乙烯薄膜接触,在放入杯组件中之前,对有织物的层压材料至少平衡15分钟,对薄膜复合材料至少平衡10分钟。将该杯组件称重精确到1/1000克,并倒置在测试样品的中间部位。通过水浴中的水和饱和盐溶液之间的推动力,在该方向扩散提供水流而输送水。样品测定15分钟,然后取出该杯组件并重新称重。由杯组件重量增加量计算MVTR,并以每24小时每平方米样品面积水的克数表示。
湿汽透过速率测试(MVTR)-方法B
除试样直接搁在水面上,即没有安装在水浴表面上的聚四氟乙烯薄膜以外,该方法与方法A相同。
实施例1
通过涂布W.L.Gore & Associates,Inc.供应的发泡微孔聚四氟乙烯(PEFE)薄膜制备疏油性发泡微孔聚四氟乙烯薄膜。涂布前该薄膜的标称孔径为0.2微米,重量约为23克/米2,厚度约为65微米,Gurley值为7.5秒。
用从W.L.Gore & Associates,Inc.购得的具有侧接全氟烷基侧链的有机聚合物的水性胶乳(按照参考结合于本发明的美国专利5,539,072的实施例1B中所述的方法制备)处理薄膜,使该薄膜具有疏油性,使得涂覆和200℃干燥后对薄膜测得的油等级为8。Gurley数值为14秒,这表明孔隙仍是敞开的。用含己二胺固化剂的能透水汽的Hypol_2000(W.R.Grace & Co.)预聚物涂覆现已疏油性的薄膜,制得本发明第一个实施方式的复合材料。该复合材料易于透过湿气但不能透过空气。测试该复合材料的湿气透过速率和耐油性:MVTR为11000克/米2/24小时。在背离不能透过空气的聚合物层的薄膜表面上测得的油等级为8。
在Gurley试验中,没有观察到空气流动。这表明已涂覆了完全不能透过空气的聚氨酯涂层。
将复合材料点状粘贴于聚酯织物上。安置该复合材料,使聚氨酯连续层背离所述的织物。当聚氨酯层朝向水时,用方法A对该复合材料测得的MVTR为11000克/米2/24小时。
与之相比,涂有Hypol_2000但没有用有机聚合物的水性胶乳处理的发泡微孔聚四氟乙烯的复合材料的油等级为零。用方法A测量的MVTR为14230。
实施例2
通过涂布W.L.Gore & Associates,Inc.供应的发泡微孔聚四氟乙烯(PEFE)薄膜制备疏油性发泡微孔聚四氟乙烯薄膜。涂布前该薄膜的标称孔径为0.2微米,重量约为23克/米2,厚度约为65微米,Gurley值为7.5秒。用从W.L.Gore &Associates,Inc.购得的具有侧接全氟烷基侧链的有机聚合物的水性胶乳(按照参考结合于本发明的美国专利5,539,072的实施例1B中所述的方法制备)处理薄膜,使该薄膜具有疏油性,使得涂覆和200℃干燥后对薄膜测得的油等级为8。Gurley数值为14秒。
然后让两层分开的涂覆薄膜与两层间的Hypol_2000预聚物一起同时通过夹辊,用Hypol_2000预聚物将其粘合在一起。夹辊上的压力使一部分Hypol_2000预聚物渗透到两层涂覆薄膜中。然后让复合结构湿固化。按这种方法制得的疏油性复合结构易于透过湿气但不能透过空气。在该复合结构结构的两侧表面测得的耐油性为8。用Gurley试验没有观察到空气流动。
缺乏透气性表明涂覆了完全不能透过空气的聚合物涂层。用方法A对该复合材料测得的MVTR为7000克/(米2·24小时)。
实施例3
一种疏油性材料,Galden MF 201(Ausimont),平均分子量为850克/摩尔和含有磷酸酯基的单和双三氟甲基-聚氧全氟亚烷基-亚甲基聚氧乙烯磷酸酯,是极性的,而且在室温是高度粘性至蜡状的。将其加热到50-70℃,用加热的辊辊涂在发泡微泡聚四氟乙烯微孔膜的一侧。该微孔膜已涂有美国专利4,942,214中所述的不能透过水汽(可透气)的MDI和氧化烯的聚氨酯预聚物。经调节辊隙和辊间压力而调节Galden涂布重量,使涂布量达到1.0±0.2克/米2。Galden涂料涂布与聚氨酯涂层相的一侧。
为均化和使涂层热固化,在涂覆步骤后放在150-170℃连续炉中加热,停留时间为0.5-5分钟。
在涂有MF201一侧上测得的油等级为4。用方法A测得的MVTR为2000克/米2/24小时。通过在60℃进行水洗试验,评价其化学稳定性。水洗后,该复合材料仍是疏油性的。
实施例4
重复实施例3,所不同的是涂布重量为2.0±0.3克/米2,而不是1.0±0.2克/米2。涂布材料、热处理方法和涂布技术都没有改变。
在涂有MF201一侧上测得的油等级为6。用方法A测得的MVTR为20500克/米2/24小时。通过在60℃进行水洗试验,评价其化学稳定性。水洗或用全氯乙烯干洗后,该复合材料仍是疏油性的。
实施例5
涂布材料、热处理方法和涂布方法如实施例3所述,所不同的是涂布重量为5±1克/米2。在涂有MF201一侧上测得的油等级为7。用方法A测得的MVTR为19000克/米2/24小时。水洗后,该材料仍保持疏油性。
实施例6
a)使用疏油性非极性全氟聚醚(Fomblin VAC 25/6,分子量为3300克/摩尔,Ausimont Spa,Italy)与Galden MF 201的混合物,它的混合比为65%MF201和35%Fomblin。涂布和热处理方法如实施例3所述。涂料重量为2.0±0.2克/米2。涂覆面上的油等级为4。MVTR为20000克/米2/24小时。
b)重复a)部分,所不同的是将混合比调节到80%MF201和20%Fomblin。
经称重测得的涂布重量为2.0±0.2克/米2。在涂有PFPE混合物一侧上的油等级为6。用方法A测得的MVTR为19000克/米2/24小时。
水洗后该材料仍保留疏油性。
Fomblin VAC 25/6是聚合的1,1,2,3,3,3-六氟-氧化的1-丙烯,分子量为3300克/摩尔。
实施例7
用如下处理步骤进行涂有可透气的聚氨酯的发泡微孔聚四氟乙烯复合薄膜的疏油化方法:
用1∶2异丙醇/水润湿该材料的多孔一侧表面(参见实施例3)。
用辊涂法涂布聚电解质溶液(参见下表)。然后涂布含氟表面活性剂(fluorosurfactant)水溶液,挤干、干燥和在150℃使该材料热固化。结果列于下表中。
聚电解质 | 含氟表面活性剂(%重量) | 油等级 |
聚烯丙基胺(PAA)(0.1N)(AldrichChemical Company,Inc) | 5%浓度FC99(3M) | >2 |
PAA(0.1N) | Fe20AG(Ausimont) | >2 |
聚乙烯胺(PEI)(0.1N)G100 | 5%浓度FC99(3M) | >2 |
G100(0.1N) | Fe20AG(Ausimont) | >2 |
实施例8
所用的涂布材料是混合比为20%Nuva的具有氟化侧链的聚硅氧烷(Nuva4190,Hoechst)/80%异丙醇。按实施例3所述的方法进行涂布技术和热处理,涂布重量为2.5±0.2克/米2。涂覆面上的油等级为6。MVTR为19000克/米2/24小时。
实施例9
将室温下低粘度的微乳状液FE20AG(Ausimont)辊涂在实施例3所述的发泡微泡聚四氟乙烯和聚氨酯的复合材料的微孔聚合物一侧上。经调节辊隙和辊间压力而调节涂布重量,使涂布重量达到2.0±0.2克/米2。
Fe 20AG是Fomblin含水微乳状液,25℃时的密度为1.16克/毫升,由用氨水中和的Galden MF310组成;Galden MF3100,三氟甲基-聚氧全氟亚烷基-亚甲基羧酸。
为均化和使涂层热固化,在涂覆步骤后将该薄膜放在150-170℃连续炉中处理,涂覆材料的停留时间为5分钟。用方法A测得的MVTR为17500克/米2/24小时。油等级>2。
实施例10
所用的涂布材料是全氟聚醚Fomblin Y VAC 06/6(Mw 1800克/摩尔,Ausimont)。
通过让薄膜以40-60米/分钟的线速度通过涂布辊,将全氟聚醚涂布到微孔薄膜一侧上(类似于实施例3的基底)。为了达到必需的涂料粘度,将涂布辊加热到50-70℃。然后在130℃连续炉将涂布的涂料均化,停留时间为12-18秒。涂布重量为3.5±0.5克/米2。涂布后微孔结构的扫描电子显微照片表明仅涂布了该结构的内表面。用方法A测得的表示为MVTR的水汽透过速率为18500克/米2/24小时。涂有全氟聚醚的薄膜表面上的油等级为2。
所制得的材料用于制造两层和三层的织物复合层压制品(复合材料,织物层压制品)。其方法是用点状粘合法在薄膜的一侧或两侧粘贴聚酯或聚酰胺织物片材。
层压制品也可用Fomblin Y VAC 16/6(分子量:2800克/摩尔,Ausimont)制造。
实施例11
将两片由W.L.Gore & Associates,Inc.提供的发泡微孔聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)薄膜层压在一起制备复合材料。这两片PTFE薄膜的标称孔径为0.25微米,重量约为20克/平方米,厚度为40微米。为了层压,涂覆实施例3所述的能透过水汽的聚氨酯树脂(PUR),并用辊涂装置使其部分渗入第一片薄膜的微孔结构,然后用PUR作为粘合剂在两个夹辊之间层压第二片薄膜。在室温下湿固化PUR之后,将上述层压膜的一面涂覆实施例3所述的Galden MF201(Ausimont)。在下一步中,在另一面上涂布美国专利5,209,850中所述的聚合物溶液,使微孔PTFE具有亲水性(沉积=4克/平方米)。干燥之后,所得到的复合材料的一面在浸入水中之后变成透明的。
首先使薄膜的疏油的一面面对水,然后使薄膜的亲水性一面面对水,用方法B测定该复合材料的湿汽透过整速率。
对于用Galden MF处理的一面,用方法B测得的MVTR为25000克/(米2·24小时),而对于面对水的亲水性一面,测得的MVTR为71000克/(米2·24小时)。
实施例12
按实施例11所述的方法制备一面涂有Galden MF201的复合材料。用点状粘合法(spot wise adhesion process)将复合材料用Galden处理的一面层压在120克/平方米聚酯织物上。层压后,在未处理的一面按实施例11涂布美国专利No.5,209,850中所述的聚合物。
对于面对水的织物一面用方法B测得的MVTR为7200克/(米2·24小时),而对于面对水的亲水性薄膜一面,测得的MVTR为21500克/(米2·24小时)。
实施例13
用实施例11的方法制得复合材料,不同的是亲水性处理是将市售的防雾喷剂(Nigrin Anti Fogging Spray,Inter-Union Technohandel Landau)涂布在一表面上。对于未经处理的一面,用方法B测得的MVTR为27000克/(米2·24小时),而对于面对水的亲水性一面,测得的MVTR为79000克/(米2·24小时)。
Claims (27)
1.一种复合材料,它包括:
a)一层能透水汽且包含微孔聚合物的微孔结构,在至少一部分微孔聚合物的孔壁上具有第二种聚合物的涂层,所述的第二种聚合物使微孔聚合物具有更高的疏油性,所述的层粘合到:
b)一层能透过水汽但不透气的第三种聚合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于其一侧或两侧层压到织物上。
3.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于所述的微孔聚合物是发泡聚四氟乙烯。
4.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于所述的(b)层是聚氨酯。
5.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于所述复合材料的油等级至少为2。
6.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于所述复合材料的油等级至少为4。
7.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于所述复合材料的油等级至少为6。
8.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于所述复合材料的油等级至少为8。
9.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于所述的微孔结构是防液态水。
10.如权利要求1所述的复合材料,其特征在于在b)层相对于a)层的另一侧面上还有一层第四种聚合物,它是能透水汽的微孔聚合物。
11.如权利要求10所述的复合材料,其特征在于其一侧或两侧层压到织物上。
12.如权利要求10所述的复合材料,其特征在于a)层和c)层中微孔聚合物是发泡聚四氟乙烯。
13.如权利要求10所述的复合材料,其特征在于所述的(b)层是聚氨酯。
14.如权利要求10所述的复合材料,其特征在于所述复合材料的油等级至少为2。
15.如权利要求10所述的复合材料,其特征在于所述复合材料的油等级至少为4。
16.如权利要求10所述的复合材料,其特征在于所述复合材料的油等级至少为6。
17.如权利要求10所述的复合材料,其特征在于所述复合材料的油等级至少为8。
18.如权利要求10所述的复合材料,其特征在于所述的微孔结构是防液态水。
19.如权利要求10所述的复合材料,其特征在于所述第四种聚合物层具有包含微孔聚合物的微孔结构,在至少一部分微孔聚合物的孔壁上具有使c)层中微孔聚合物具有更高疏油性的聚合物涂层。
20.如权利要求19所述的复合材料,其特征在于其一侧或两侧层压到织物上。
21.如权利要求19所述的复合材料,其特征在于a)层和c)层中微孔聚合物是发泡聚四氟乙烯。
22.如权利要求19所述的复合材料,其特征在于所述的(b)层是聚氨酯。
23.如权利要求19所述的复合材料,其特征在于所述复合材料的油等级至少为2。
24.如权利要求19所述的复合材料,其特征在于所述复合材料的油等级至少为4。
25.如权利要求19所述的复合材料,其特征在于所述复合材料的油等级至少为6。
26.如权利要求19所述的复合材料,其特征在于所述复合材料的油等级至少为8。
27.如权利要求19所述的复合材料,其特征在于所述的微孔结构是防液态水。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19625389A DE19625389A1 (de) | 1996-06-25 | 1996-06-25 | Flexibler Verbundstoff |
DE19625389.6 | 1996-06-25 | ||
US3091696P | 1996-11-14 | 1996-11-14 | |
US60/030,916 | 1996-11-14 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1222882A CN1222882A (zh) | 1999-07-14 |
CN1085962C true CN1085962C (zh) | 2002-06-05 |
Family
ID=26026904
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN97195769A Expired - Lifetime CN1085962C (zh) | 1996-06-25 | 1997-06-25 | 柔性防水防油复合材料 |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6074738A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0907507B1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP2000503608A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20000022185A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1085962C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU3437097A (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ297871B6 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE19782217C2 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2187792T3 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2331043B (zh) |
HU (1) | HU227374B1 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL187104B1 (zh) |
SE (1) | SE520692C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1997049552A1 (zh) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6074738A (en) | 2000-06-13 |
HUP9903311A3 (en) | 2001-01-29 |
SE520692C2 (sv) | 2003-08-12 |
EP0907507B1 (en) | 2002-12-11 |
PL187104B1 (pl) | 2004-05-31 |
AU3437097A (en) | 1998-01-14 |
PL330728A1 (en) | 1999-05-24 |
SE9804385L (sv) | 1998-12-17 |
HU227374B1 (en) | 2011-05-30 |
CZ422998A3 (cs) | 1999-05-12 |
EP0907507A1 (en) | 1999-04-14 |
DE19782217C2 (de) | 2002-10-10 |
CN1222882A (zh) | 1999-07-14 |
GB2331043B (en) | 2000-09-13 |
JP2006347180A (ja) | 2006-12-28 |
JP2000503608A (ja) | 2000-03-28 |
KR20000022185A (ko) | 2000-04-25 |
HUP9903311A2 (hu) | 2000-03-28 |
WO1997049552A1 (en) | 1997-12-31 |
GB9827544D0 (en) | 1999-02-10 |
GB2331043A (en) | 1999-05-12 |
SE9804385D0 (sv) | 1998-12-17 |
CZ297871B6 (cs) | 2007-04-18 |
ES2187792T3 (es) | 2003-06-16 |
US6261678B1 (en) | 2001-07-17 |
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