CN108588058A - β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体及其应用 - Google Patents
β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108588058A CN108588058A CN201810405006.5A CN201810405006A CN108588058A CN 108588058 A CN108588058 A CN 108588058A CN 201810405006 A CN201810405006 A CN 201810405006A CN 108588058 A CN108588058 A CN 108588058A
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- saccharase
- sucrose
- oligofructose
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Abstract
本发明属于基因工程领域,具体涉及β‑呋喃果糖苷酶突变体及其应用。所述突变体是通过用另一种氨基酸残基取代SEQ ID NO:1所示氨基酸序列的下述位点的氨基酸残基而获得的β‑呋喃果糖苷酶突变体,所述的氨基酸残基位置为SEQ ID NO:1所示氨基酸序列中的:第218位,和/或第408位,和/或第410位。以上三个位点的单点及联合突变能够增强功能性寡糖的合成能力,催化蔗糖生成β‑2,6糖苷键连接的低聚果糖6F‑FOS的转化率显著提高。其中S218A/H410A为最佳突变体,其催化蔗糖合成低聚果糖的转化率最高可达62%(±5%),且新生成了蔗果四糖,最高可达60g/L(±5%)。本发明的突变体β‑呋喃果糖苷酶合成新型低聚果糖6F‑FOS的能力比野生型显著提高,是合成β‑2,6型低聚果糖的优良生物催化剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于基因工程技术领域,具体涉及β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体及其应用。
背景技术
功能性食品受到越来越多消费者的欢迎,全球功能性食品的销售额高达330亿美元。其中全球最大的功能性食品市场美国年销售额已达15.5美元。此外,功能性食品在德国、法国、英国等也有较大的市场。而在日本,2002年功能性食品市场已高达14亿美元,成为全球第二大销售市场。根据GIA(Global Industry Analysts)报告分析,到2020年,全球市场对益生元产品的需求将超59亿美元。
目前,市场上销售的功能性食品基本都添加了一些有特定功能的添加剂,包括膳食纤维、寡果糖、益生素、聚氨基酸等(Menrad K.Journal of Food Engineering,2003,56:181-188),低聚果糖是其中使用最为广泛之一。低聚果糖(fructooligosaccharides,FOS)又称为果寡糖、蔗果低聚糖,是由1-3个果糖基通过β-2,1或β-2,6糖苷键连接到蔗糖的还原性末端生成的蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖、蔗果五糖及其混合物,它是公认典型的益生元,也是一种水溶性膳食纤维。低聚果糖具有改善肠道、降低血脂和胆固醇、促进维生素合成、提高免疫力、促进矿物质吸收、保护肝脏、防止龋齿以及美容等功能,因此它被誉为营养、保健、疗效三位一体的21世纪健康新糖源。低聚果糖在高等植物,特别是一些珍贵的药用植物中广泛存在,但构型不同。自然存在于各种植物中的低聚果糖主要包括:两个果糖基之间通过β-2,1糖苷键连接的菊粉型FOS(1F-FOS),两个果糖基之间通过β-2,6糖苷键连接的果聚型FOS(6F-FOS),以及果糖基与蔗糖的葡萄糖基之间通过β-2,6糖苷键连接而成的neo-FOS(6G-FOS)三种或它们的混合体。蜂蜜、香蕉、西红柿、大麦等植物果蔬中都含有低聚果糖,但含量较低且难以提取,目前低聚果糖的主要合成方法是采用微生物酶法。微生物转化酶法生产的低聚果糖也有不同结构,采用黑曲霉生产的低聚果糖为单一结构,即1F-FOS,而采用米曲霉生产的低聚果糖组分较为丰富,包含1F-FOS、6F-FOS及6G-FOS。1F-FOS的功效已广为认知,但越来越多的研究证实6F-FOS和6G-FOS这两种β-2,6型低聚果糖具有更优的益生元性能以及化学稳定性,并且在一定范围内,长链低聚果糖比短链低聚果糖更加耐酸和耐酶水解(Marx,S.P.Fems Microbiology Letters 2000,182,163)。
作为一种典型的益生元,FOS近年来广泛应用于保健食品、生物医药、美容以及农业饲料等领域。目前低聚果糖工业化生产主要采用来自曲霉属的β-呋喃果糖苷酶以蔗糖为底物酶法合成β-2,1糖苷键连接的菊粉型FOS(Sangeetha,P.T.Process Biochem.,2005,40(3-4),1085-1088.),其转化率最高达60%-66%(E.Ortizsoto M.Current OrganicChemistry,2014,18(8):964-986(23)),但6F-FOS和6G-FOS这两种β-2,6型低聚果糖至今还未实现工业化生产。等(M.Journal of Biotechnology 2007,132,75)发现来自Schwanniomyces occidentalis的β-呋喃果糖苷酶催化蔗糖主要合成6-蔗果三糖和1-蔗果三糖,并且通过改造将6-蔗果三糖与1-蔗果三糖的比例从3:1提高到14:1,显著提高了该酶对6-蔗果三糖合成的选择性(Abreu,M.D.Advanced Synthesis&Catalysis 2013,355,1698.)。Lafraya等人通过对Saccharomyces cerevisiae来源的β-呋喃果糖苷酶进行改造,使6-蔗果三糖的产量增加近10倍(Lafraya,Applied&Environmental Microbiology 2011,77,6148.)。尽管目前已通过改造等方法一定程度提高了β-2,6型低聚果糖的转化率,但是目前已报导的β-2,6型低聚果糖的转化率都普遍较低,不足30%,还达不到工业生产要求,且合成的低聚果糖纯度不高,产品中还含有大量的葡萄糖和果糖、蔗糖等副产物(Julia Marín-Navarro,Appl Microbiol Biotechnol(2015)99:2549–2555)。筛选以及通过定向进化获得具有高转糖基活性、能够特异性合成β-2,6型低聚果糖的高效生物催化剂已成为备受关注的研究热点。本发明提供β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体,其能催化蔗糖合成β-2,6糖苷键连接的6F-FOS,且合成6F-FOS的能力显著提高,同时也新生成了蔗果四糖,它与蔗果三糖的混合物的益生元性能比单一蔗果三糖的益生元性能更佳,大大提升了其应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可显著提高低聚果糖合成能力且能合成蔗果四糖的β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体,所述突变体是通过用另一种氨基酸残基取代SEQ IDNO:1所示氨基酸序列的下述位点的氨基酸残基而获得的β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体,所述的氨基酸残基位置为SEQ ID NO:1所示氨基酸序列中的:第218位,和/或第408位,和/或第410位。
进一步地,第218位所述的另一种氨基酸残基选自下述的氨基酸:丙氨酸、苏氨酸或甲硫氨酸;优选丙氨酸;
第408位所述的另一种氨基酸残基选自下述的氨基酸:丙氨酸、缬氨酸、赖氨酸或精氨酸;优选丙氨酸;
第410位所述的另一种氨基酸残基选自下述的氨基酸:丙氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、赖氨酸、脯氨酸或精氨酸;优选丙氨酸。
本发明的另一目的在于保护编码本发明所述的糖苷酶突变体的基因,包含所述突变体基因的重组载体,以及包含所述重组载体的转化体。
本发明所述的重组载体,应理解为现有技术中任意的基因的重组载体,例如各种质粒,即将糖苷酶突变体的突变基因导入能使该糖苷酶突变体稳定的表达DNA载体质粒。
而所述的重组载体的转化体,即指重组载体的宿主细胞,所述宿主细胞的微生物包括革兰氏阳性细菌如枯草芽孢杆菌,革兰氏阴性细菌如大肠杆菌,放线菌如链霉菌,酵母如酿酒酵母,真菌如曲霉菌,它们的细胞均是常用的重组载体的宿主细胞。
本发明的又一目的在于提供上述突变体在以蔗糖为底物高效合成β-2,6糖苷键连接的低聚果糖(6F-FOS)中的应用。本发明的糖苷酶突变体相比于野生型,突变体合成β-2,6糖苷键连接的低聚果糖的能力显著提高,并且新生成了野生型无法合成的蔗果四糖,大大提升了β-2,6糖苷键连接的低聚果糖的应用前景。
本发明通过定向进化技术对耐有机溶剂糖苷酶Fru6进行分子改造,获得的糖苷酶突变体在合成β-2,6糖苷键连接的6F-FOS时转化率显著提高,且能够新生成益生元性能更好的蔗果四糖;其在以蔗糖为底物合成β-2,6糖苷键连接的6F-FOS的转化率相比于原出发糖苷酶显著提高,转化率最高可达62%(±5%),且能合成原出发糖苷酶不能合成的蔗果四糖,最高可达60g/L(±5%)。
附图说明
图1为218、408、410位点饱和突变后仍具水解活性的突变体催化蔗糖合成低聚果糖图。
图2为耐有机溶剂糖苷酶及其突变体蛋白电泳图;其中泳道1为蛋白marker,泳道2为野生型β-呋喃果糖苷酶发酵液上清,泳道3为野生型β-呋喃果糖苷酶细胞破碎上清,泳道4为β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体S218A发酵液上清,泳道5为β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体S218A细胞破碎上清,泳道6为β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体I408A发酵液上清,泳道7为β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体I408A细胞破碎上清,泳道8为β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体H410A发酵液上清,泳道9为β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体H410A细胞破碎上清,泳道10为β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体S218A/H410A发酵液上清,泳道11为β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体S218A/H410A细胞破碎上清,泳道12为β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体I408A/H410A发酵液上清,泳道13为β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体I408A/H410A细胞破碎上清,泳道14为β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体S218A/I408A/H410A发酵液上清,泳道15为β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体S218A/I408A/H410A细胞破碎上清,箭头所指处为目的蛋白55KDa处。
图3为218A、I408A、H410A、S218A/H410A、I408A/H410A和S218A/I408A/H410A六个突变体及野生型以1.5M蔗糖为底物催化反应24小时时的薄层色谱图;其中1位为果糖、葡萄糖标准品,2位为蔗糖标准品,3位为低聚果糖标准品,4位为突变体I408A催化产物,5位为突变体S218A催化产物,6位为突变体H410A催化产物,7位为突变体S218A/H410A催化产物,8位为突变体I408A/H410A催化产物,9位为突变体S218A/I408A/H410A催化产物,10位为野生型β-呋喃果糖苷酶催化产物;A箭头所指处为蔗果三糖标准品,B箭头所指处为蔗果四糖标准品。
图4为S218A、I408A、H410A、S218A/H410A、H410A/I408A、S218A/H410A/I408A六个突变体以及野生型β-呋喃果糖苷酶以蔗糖为底物催化合成新型低聚果糖转化率随反应时间变化图。
图5为野生型β-呋喃果糖苷酶和S218A/H410A突变体酶以蔗糖为底物催化36h时的HPLC图谱,其中a为野生型β-呋喃果糖苷酶,b为S218A/H410A突变株。
图6为四糖质谱图,A为图5对应的四糖1的质谱图,B为图5中四糖2的质谱图,其中峰689所对应物质为四糖。
图7为6,6-蔗果四糖和6,1蔗果四糖结构式。
图8为6,6-蔗果四糖1H谱图。
图9为6,6-蔗果四糖13C谱图。
图10为6,6-蔗果四糖COSY谱图。
图11为6,6-蔗果四糖HMBC谱图。
图12为6,6-蔗果四糖HSQC谱图。
图13为6,1-蔗果四糖1H谱图。
图14为6,1-蔗果四糖13C谱图。
图15为6,1-蔗果四糖COSY谱图。
图16为6,1-蔗果四糖HMBC谱图。
图17为6,1-蔗果四糖HSQC谱图。
图18-21分别为pH、温度、加酶量、底物浓度对S218A/H410A突变体酶催化蔗糖合成低聚果糖的影响图。
图22为在最优催化条件下,野生型β-呋喃果糖苷酶和S218A/H410A突变体酶催化蔗糖合成低聚果糖的反应进程曲线图。
图23为在在最优催化条件下,S218A/H410A突变体催化合成低聚果糖转化率及其各组分比例变化图。
具体实施方式
本发明所述的生物材料来源的一般性说明:
1、由SEQ ID NO:1表示的氨基酸序列的糖苷酶:来源于Arthrobacterarilaitensis NJEM01菌株,所述菌株保藏编号为CCTCC NO:M 2012155,已公开于申请人的在先授权专利中,授权公告号CN 102732456B。
2、引物制备及测序验证:本发明中所使用的引物及测序工作均由苏州Genewiz公司完成。
3、突变所用模板为实验室前期构建的β-呋喃果糖苷酶(AaFFase)重组工程菌E-pET22b-pelB-bff。
4、突变所用试剂盒为日本TOYOBO公司的KOD-Plus-Mutagenesis Kit突变试剂盒。
实施例1:通过PCR反应在由SEQ ID NO:1表示的氨基酸序列的糖苷酶中引入六个有效突变点。
由于底物结合域的氨基酸残基或酶活性中心附近的氨基酸残基决定着底物特异性,同时也影响大分子受体进出酶活性口袋,因此推测低聚果糖的合成可能受酶活性口袋大小及活性中心相关氨基酸残基的影响。本发明利用Autodock4.2进行分子对接,受体为本实验室自行筛选并通过蛋白质结晶获得的来源于阿氏节杆菌NJEM01的β-呋喃果糖苷酶,配体蔗糖分子从ZINC数据库下载获得,使用AutoDock Tools分别对酶和底物进行预处理(包括加氢、赋予原子类型、产生Gasteiger电荷),Grid Box设置为40×40×40个格点的长方体,格点中心坐标为x=-27.169,y=-38.24,z=-0.178,格点间距为0.375A。使用拉马克遗传算法(Lamarckian genetic algorithm,LGA),对底物进行1000次的对接计算,energyevaluation参数设置为2500000。对接完成后,通过分析获取较为合理的对接构象。将酶活性中心与蔗糖分子之间有极性相互作用力的氨基酸以及底物周围可能会影响底物特异性的氨基酸残基筛选出作为突变的关键氨基酸残基。对关键氨基酸残基进行丙氨酸扫描诱变后筛选出218位、408位和410位三个位点为改造的热点残基,对这三个点分别进行定点饱和突变,通过测酶活发现S218位点饱和突变后仅S218A(丙氨酸取代218位氨基酸残基)、S218T(苏氨酸取代218位氨基酸残基)和S218M(甲硫氨酸取代218位氨基酸残基)突变体仍有水解蔗糖的活性,I408位点饱和突变后仅I408A(丙氨酸取代408位氨基酸残基)、I408K(赖氨酸取代408位氨基酸残基)、I408V(缬氨酸取代408位氨基酸残基)和I408R(精氨酸取代408位氨基酸残基)突变体仍有水解蔗糖的活性,H410位点饱和突变后仅H410A(丙氨酸取代410位氨基酸残基)、H410N(天冬酰胺取代410位氨基酸残基)、H410D(天冬氨酸取代410位氨基酸残基)、H410K(赖氨酸取代410位氨基酸残基)、H410P(脯氨酸取代410位氨基酸残基)、H410R(精氨酸取代410位氨基酸残基)仍有水解蔗糖的活性。分别利用上述仍具水解蔗糖活性的突变体酶催化蔗糖,经HPLC检测分析产物低聚果糖产量,结果如图1所示。从图1可以看出,对于第218位,S218T和S218M突变体虽然能水解蔗糖,但无法合成低聚果糖,说明其不具转糖基活性,仅S218A仍有转糖基活性;对于第408位,I408K和I408R也丧失了转糖基活性,仅I408A和I408V仍具有转糖基活性,且I408A催化蔗糖合成低聚果糖的转化率高于I408V;对于第410位,H410A、H410D、H410P、H410K、H410N、H410R都仍具有转糖基活性,其中H410A催化蔗糖合成低聚果糖的转化率最高。因此选择S218A、I408A、H410A分别为三个位点的单点突变最佳突变体用于后续联合突变研究。最终通过定点突变以及联合突变筛选获得了S218A、I408A、H410A、S218A/H410A、I408A/H410A和S218A/I408A/H410A六个突变体。突变所涉及的引物如下:
S218A-F:5’-GCCGGTTCGGCGCGAGTGACCAAAA-3’
S218A-R:5’-CCACTGAGTCTGGTGGCTGAAGGAC-3’
I408A-F:5’-GCTAGCCACCGCTCCACCTTCGCCG-3’
I408A-R:5’-GGTGAACAGGTAGTACTTGCCATCC-3’
H410A-F:5’-GCCCGCTCCACCTTCGCCGCTGGCA-3’
H410A-R:5’-GCTAATGGTGAACAGGTAGTACTTG-3’
S218X-F:5’-NNNGGTTCGGCGCGAGTGACCAAAA-3’
S218X-R:5’-CCACTGAGTCTGGTGGCTGAAGGAC-3’
I408X-F:5’-NNNAGCCACCGCTCCACCTTCGCCG-3’
I408X-R:5’-GGTGAACAGGTAGTACTTGCCATCC-3’
H410X-F:5’-NNNCGCTCCACCTTCGCCGCTGGCA-3’
H410X-R:5’-GCTAATGGTGAACAGGTAGTACTTG-3’
S218A/H410A-F:5’-GCCCGCTCCACCTTCGCCGCTGGCA-3’
S218A/H410A-R:5’-GCTAATGGTGAACAGGTAGTACTTG-3’
I408A/H410A-F:5’-GCTAGCGCCCGCTCCACCTTCGCCG-3’
I408A/H410A-R:5’-GGTGAACAGGTAGTACTTGCCATCC-3’
S218A/I408A/H410A-F:5’-GCTAGCGCCCGCTCCACCTTCGCCG-3’
S218A/I408A/H410A-R:5’-GGTGAACAGGTAGTACTTGCCATCC-3’
下划线处为突变位点。
PCR反应体系如下:
PCR程序设定如下:
94℃,2min;
98℃,10sec;68℃,7min30sec;10个循环;
4℃,Hold。
扩增完成后,取25μL PCR产物加入1μL DpnI消化酶,于37℃下消化1h,降解初始模板。消化完成后,取出KOD-Plus-Mutagenesis Kit突变试剂盒内的T4PolynucleotideKinase和Ligation high,冰浴溶解后,配置如下PCR反应体系,于16℃反应1h,使PCR产物自身环化。
环化体系:
PCR反应结束后,将PCR产物采用热激法转化至大肠杆菌感受态细胞E.coli BL21(DE3),并涂布到含有100μg/mL氨苄青霉素LB琼脂平板上,37℃过夜培养。经序列测定(由苏州Genewiz公司完成)验证突变结果,获得了六个突变体。
实施例2:突变体糖苷酶的表达与制备
将阳性重组子接入种子培养基中,具体配方为胰蛋白胨10g/L,酵母粉5g/L,氯化钠10g/L,氨苄青霉素100μg/mL,37℃,180rpm摇床中培养过夜后,按2%接种量接种至40mL新鲜LB液体培养基中(含100μg/mL氨苄青霉素),37℃,200rpm培养OD达到0.6-0.8时加入IPTG(终浓度为1mM)作为诱导剂,在30℃,200rpm的摇床中诱导培养10-12h。根据先前实验室的研究成果,β-呋喃果糖苷酶加入信号肽后实现了胞外表达,因此用12000rpm,4℃下离心15min收集发酵液上清,发酵液上清为电泳纯的酶液,与未突变的酶分子量55KDa大小一致(如图2),可直接用于后续筛选及性质研究。
酶粉在制备过程中将整个表达体系放大到1L,表达完成之后使用冷冻干燥机冷冻升华,最后得到酶粉并保存。
实施例3:突变体酶催化合成新型低聚果糖的应用
将发酵获得的酶液按照如下催化体系和催化条件进行反应:
催化反应体系:以1.5M蔗糖为底物,将其溶解在50mmol/L、pH8.0的N2HPO4-KH2PO4缓冲液中,加酶量为3U/g蔗糖。
催化反应条件:将混合好的反应液于30℃,200rpm摇床中催反反应72h,每12h取出500μL样品,并将取出的样品煮沸15min以终止反应,于-20℃保存待测。
在反应24h时经薄层色谱验证,发现六种突变体均能催化蔗糖产6-蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖,其中蔗果四糖相比于野生型β-呋喃果糖苷酶是新生成的低聚果糖,结果见图3。为了进一步比较突变对低聚果糖转化率的影响,利用HPLC分析了突变体酶催化低聚果糖的合成进程,结果见图4。从图中可以看出突变体催化蔗糖合成低聚果糖的转化率相比于野生型均有提高,其中S218A/H410A突变体为催化FOS合成的最佳突变体,其在24h时低聚果糖产率最高,达62%(±5%)左右。
实施例4:产物的结构鉴定
所有突变体均能合成野生型无法合成的四糖,以S218A/H410A为例,在第36h时,其合成低聚果糖的液相色谱图及野生型β-呋喃果糖苷酶合成低聚果糖的液相色谱图如图5所示。其中(a)为野生型催化产物,(b)为S218A/H410A突变体催化产物。其中,果糖的出峰时间为8-9min,葡萄糖的出峰时间为9-10min,蔗糖的出峰时间为11-13min,6-蔗果三糖的出峰时间为16-18min。先前研究已经通过结构解析确定本实验室β-呋喃果糖苷酶催化合成的三糖为6-蔗果三糖。相比于野生型β-呋喃果糖苷酶,S218A/H410A突变体比其在6-蔗果三糖产物峰后多出两个产物峰,保留时间分别为23-25min和26-28min。从图6质谱图可以看出,这两个峰的分子量与蔗果四糖分子量一致,表明新生成的两个糖均为四糖。通过核磁共振二维图谱我们进一步解析了这两个四糖,它们分别是6,6-蔗果四糖[Fru-β(2→6)-Fru-β(2→6)-Fru-β(2→1)-αGlc]以及它的同分异构体6,1-蔗果四糖[Fru-β(2→1)-Fru-β(2→6)-Fru-β(2→1)-αGlc]。其结构如图7。
实施例5:S218A/H410A突变体酶催化合成6F-FOS反应条件优化
为了研究S218A/H410A突变体的催化性能,采用单因素法依次考察反应pH(pH6-8.5)、温度(25-℃40℃)、加酶量(2-6U/g蔗糖)及底物浓度(1-2.5M)这4个因素对S218A/H410A突变体酶合成β-2,6型低聚果糖的影响。pH对酶活力有较大的影响,因此催化反应体系的pH对FOS的合成至关重要。从图18可以看出,在碱性条件下低聚果糖转化率明显高于酸性条件下的,说明该酶在碱性条件下转糖基活性比在酸性条件下高很多,碱性条件更有利于低聚果糖的合成。在24h时低聚果糖转化率达最高点,随后低聚果糖转化率下降,这是因为产物在后期逐渐发生水解。但从图中可以看出在偏酸性条件下产物更容易水解,而碱性条件可以显著抑制产物水解。在pH8.0,反应时间为24h时,低聚果糖转化率最高可达62%左右。当pH进一步升高到8.5时,由于在该体系下酶活性一定程度受到抑制因而低聚果糖最大转化率相比pH8.0时的有所降低。因此催化的优选pH为7.5-8.5,更优选pH8.0。
温度是影响酶活力的重要因素之一。从图19可以看出,反应温度从25℃升高到40℃,对低聚果糖的最大转化率影响不大,这是因为在此温度范围内该酶的温度稳定性较好。但随着温度的升高,后期产物水解越快,这可能是因为在较高温度下酶的水解活力变大,反应平衡偏向水解导致。但考虑到糖浓度较大,底物蔗糖的流动性会随着温度升高而增加,有利于反应的进行,故选择25-30℃为S218A/H410A突变体催化低聚果糖合成的优选反应温度。
从图20可以看出,不同加酶量对低聚果糖的最大转化率没有显著影响。当加酶量为2U/g蔗糖时,低聚果糖在36h时转化率最高。当加酶量升高到3U/g蔗糖时,由于酶活提高反应速率也随之提高,因此在24h时低聚果糖达最大转化率62%。当加酶量进一步增加到5U/g、6U/g蔗糖时,低聚果糖的合成速率进一步加快。当低聚果糖产量达最高点后,低聚果糖开始发生水解,这种现象在其余低聚糖合成的过程中也普遍存在。从图中可以看出,随着加酶量的提高,低聚果糖在后期发生水解的速率越来越快,因此综合考虑反应速率和后期产物水解速率两方面,选用2-3U/g蔗糖为S218A/H410A突变体催化低聚果糖合成的优选加酶量。
从图21可以看出,底物质量浓度变化对低聚果糖转化率有显著影响。在1M的蔗糖低浓度反应体系中,S218A/H410A突变体酶的水解活力高,将蔗糖水解为葡萄糖和果糖,低聚果糖转化率低,最大为50%左右。随着底物浓度的提高,反应平衡逐渐向转糖基反应方向转变,低聚果糖转化率升高。在1.5M的蔗糖体系中,低聚果糖转化率提高,在24h时最高达62%左右。当底物浓度升高到2M时,低聚果糖转化率略有降低。但是当底物浓度进一步升高到2.5M时,不仅产生了一定的操作瓶颈,同时低聚果糖转化率明显降低,其最大转化率55%,这可能是由于反应液的粘度大大增加,影响了酶与底物的传质所致。因此在一定范围内升高底物浓度,可以有效降低水解反应及其它一些副反应,但是过高的底物浓度会形成底物抑制。综合考虑,以1.5M蔗糖作为底物最合适,既保证了转化率又保证了底物的溶解性。
实施例6:S218A/H410A突变体酶合成6F-FOS反应进程曲线
在以1.5M蔗糖为底物,3U/g蔗糖加酶量,30℃条件下,比较了野生型及S218A/H410A突变体催化合成低聚果糖的反应进程,结果如图22所示。从图22可以看出,突变体对低聚果糖的合成能力显著高于野生型,其在24h时合成的低聚果糖产量最高达320g/L,转化率达62%(图23),其中6-蔗果三糖约295g/L,蔗果四糖约25g/L。而野生型AaFFase在60h时合成的低聚果糖(6-蔗果三糖)产量最高仅150g/L,转化率30%。突变体酶合成的6-蔗果三糖在24h之后产量开始下降,但此时体系中四糖含量显著增加,表明一部分三糖作为底物生成了四糖,但总的FOS转化率在24h后逐渐下降,说明尽管一部分6-蔗果三糖作为底物生成了四糖,但仍有一部分被水解,反应平衡偏向水解。S218A/H410A合成的蔗果四糖在72h时最大约为60g/L,而野生型不产生蔗果四糖。因此相比于野生型,突变体的转糖能力显著提高。图23为S218A/H410A合成低聚果糖各组分的比例变化,从图中可以看出,12h时6-蔗果三糖约占总FOS的95%,蔗果四糖占总FOS的5%,随着反应的进行产物中6-蔗果三糖含量逐渐降低,蔗果四糖含量升高,72h时6-蔗果三糖约占总FOS的77%,蔗果四糖占总FOS的23%。因此突变对低聚果糖的转化率以及产物比例均有显著影响。突变体合成新型低聚果糖的能力显著提高,并且新生成了野生型无法合成的蔗果四糖。因此本发明大大提升了β-2,6型低聚果糖的应用前景。
序列表
<110> 南京工业大学
<120> β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体及其应用
<130> xb18042806
<160> 19
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 548
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 1
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Asp Phe Val Arg Gly Gly Thr Leu Gly Pro Thr Val Lys Leu Asp Ile
500 505 510
Lys Gly Asp Ser Ala Thr Val Asp Tyr Asn Tyr Gly Asp Asn Gly Leu
515 520 525
Gly Ala Trp Ala Asp Ile Pro Ala Asn Arg Glu Leu Lys Asn Gly Lys
530 535 540
Ala Val Ala Lys
545
<210> 2
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 2
gccggttcgg cgcgagtgac caaaa 25
<210> 3
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 3
ccactgagtc tggtggctga aggac 25
<210> 4
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 4
gctagccacc gctccacctt cgccg 25
<210> 5
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 5
ggtgaacagg tagtacttgc catcc 25
<210> 6
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 6
gcccgctcca ccttcgccgc tggca 25
<210> 7
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 7
gctaatggtg aacaggtagt acttg 25
<210> 8
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 8
nnnggttcgg cgcgagtgac caaaa 25
<210> 9
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 9
ccactgagtc tggtggctga aggac 25
<210> 10
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 10
nnnagccacc gctccacctt cgccg 25
<210> 11
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 11
ggtgaacagg tagtacttgc catcc 25
<210> 12
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 12
nnncgctcca ccttcgccgc tggca 25
<210> 13
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 13
gctaatggtg aacaggtagt acttg 25
<210> 14
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 14
gcccgctcca ccttcgccgc tggca 25
<210> 15
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 15
gctaatggtg aacaggtagt acttg 25
<210> 16
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 16
gctagcgccc gctccacctt cgccg 25
<210> 17
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 17
ggtgaacagg tagtacttgc catcc 25
<210> 18
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 18
gctagcgccc gctccacctt cgccg 25
<210> 19
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 19
ggtgaacagg tagtacttgc catcc 25
Claims (10)
1.一种β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体,其特征在于,所述突变体是通过用另一种氨基酸残基取代SEQ ID NO:1所示氨基酸序列的下述位点的氨基酸残基而获得的β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体,所述的氨基酸残基位置为SEQ ID NO:1所示氨基酸序列中的:第218位,和/或第408位,和/或第410位。
2.根据权利要求1所述的β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体,其特征在于,第218位所述的另一种氨基酸残基选自下述的氨基酸:丙氨酸、苏氨酸或甲硫氨酸;优选丙氨酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体,其特征在于第408位所述的另一种氨基酸残基选自下述的氨基酸:丙氨酸、缬氨酸、赖氨酸或精氨酸;优选丙氨酸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体,其特征在于第410位所述的另一种氨基酸残基选自下述的氨基酸:丙氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、赖氨酸、脯氨酸或精氨酸;优选丙氨酸。
5.编码权利要求1-4任一项所述的β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体的基因。
6.包含权利要求5所述基因的重组载体及所述重组载体的转化体。
7.权利要求1-4任一项所述的β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体在以蔗糖为底物合成β-2,6型低聚果糖中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于:所述以蔗糖为底物合成β-2,6型低聚果糖的反应体系中pH值为6-8.5;优选pH值为8。
9.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于:所述底物蔗糖浓度为1-2.5M;优选1.5M;所述β-呋喃果糖苷酶突变体的用量为2-6U/g蔗糖;优选加酶量为2-3U/g蔗糖。
10.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于:所述合成β-2,6新型低聚果糖的反应温度为25-40℃;优选25-30℃;酶法合成时间为12-72h。
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