CN108572233B - Device and method for regulating bubble behavior through multiple external disturbance modes - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for regulating and controlling bubble behavior through various external disturbance modes, which can regulate the incident position of a light splitting path through a light beam diverter to control the movement of bubbles generated by surface photocatalysis of an electrode, thereby controlling the interaction of the bubbles and bubbles in another light splitting path; secondly, the light chopping system can be arranged in the main light path or any light splitting path to regulate and control the bouncing characteristic of double bubbles or single bubbles; and the three-dimensional electric displacement platform is adjustable in speed, can control the movement of single bubbles or double bubbles on the surface of the electrode, can enable the bubbles which are relatively static and grow on the surface of the electrode to be in a certain flow field, and is beneficial to researching the dynamics rule of the bubbles in the flow field. The invention controls the dynamic behavior of the bubble through the combination of a plurality of external disturbance modes, the external disturbance system is precisely adjustable, the device is easy to refit, the research on the dynamic behavior of the bubble is valuable, and the device is very flexible in practical application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of photocatalysis and multiphase flow crossing, and particularly relates to a device and a method for regulating and controlling bubble behavior through multiple external disturbance modes, in particular to a device and a method for regulating and controlling dynamic behavior of bubbles on the surface of a photoelectrode and near the surface through external disturbance in a photocatalysis process.
Background
The phenomena of multiphase flow and energy mass transmission widely exist in the main processes of energy conversion and utilization, such as micro multiphase flow photochemical and thermochemical reaction process in hydrogen energy preparation, vapor-liquid two-phase flow and heat transfer inside a large-scale heat energy power system and process, and gas-liquid-solid three-phase flow in the processes of efficient exploitation and mixed transportation of oil and gas reservoirs. And the bubbles as a dispersed phase have a direct and important influence on the momentum, mass and heat transfer of the whole system. Therefore, the deep understanding of the dynamic behavior of the bubbles is the basis for researching the transfer rule and mechanism of the gas-liquid two-phase system, and can provide high-efficiency scientific guidance for a plurality of practical industrial problems.
At present, aiming at the research in the field of bubble dynamics, scholars at home and abroad mainly focus on the aspect of boiling heat exchange, and research the growth and separation behavior characteristics of bubbles formed by single holes and the influence of the growth and separation behavior characteristics on optimizing gas-water management, enhancing mass transfer in a flow field and the like; researchers also study the interaction law between the bubbles and the wall surface, such as the energy transfer and behavior characteristics of the floating bubbles impacting the horizontal or inclined wall surface and the behavior process of the bubbles bouncing or sliding on the wall surface; the scholars also study the influence rule of behavior characteristics such as collision and fusion among bubbles in the system on the energy transfer efficiency of the gas-liquid two-phase system and the like. In the aspect of bubble behavior control, a learner promotes bubble detachment by introducing a drainage channel into a micro piezoelectric pump, the learner controls movement of micro bubbles in liquid by adopting ultrasonic waves or growth and detachment of the bubbles by adopting an external magnetic field, the learner also controls the form of the bubbles by using a bubble electrostatic spinning device, and the generation frequency, the blending degree and the like of the bubbles are controlled by using a microprocessor and a pressure module in the medical field. However, researches on dynamic behaviors such as sliding, collision, and bouncing and coalescence of bubbles on the surface of an electrode in a photocatalytic process by generating bubbles through a photocatalytic means and controlling behavior characteristics of the bubbles through external disturbance, particularly by regulating and controlling the sliding and collision of the bubbles on the surface of the electrode and the bouncing and coalescence of the bubbles near the surface of the electrode in a plurality of external disturbance modes are rarely reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a device and a method for regulating and controlling bubble behavior through multiple external disturbance modes, which regulate the time-space characteristics of laser on the surface of an electrode through multiple external disturbance modes so as to control the behavior characteristics of bubbles generated by photocatalysis. The single-laser double-light-path design can drive the moving, collision, coalescence and other behavior characteristics of double bubbles by moving the laser focusing position, and can control the behavior characteristics of bouncing and sliding of the bubbles on the surface of the electrode through a chopping system and a three-dimensional electric displacement platform and can control the growth and separation characteristics of the bubbles. The invention aims to deeply research the internal mechanism of controlling the bubble behavior in the photocatalysis process and develop an experimental system and a method for researching the influence mechanism of the bubble behavior on the energy and mass transmission efficiency of a multiphase flow system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a device for regulating and controlling bubble behaviors through multiple external disturbance modes comprises an excitation light source system, an external disturbance system, a catalytic reaction system and a high-speed camera system, wherein the excitation light source system generates excitation light beams, the attributes of the light beams incident into the catalytic reaction system are changed through the external disturbance system, and the bubble behaviors in the catalytic reaction system are recorded by the high-speed camera system, wherein the excitation light source system comprises a laser, an achromatic laser beam expander, a semi-transparent semi-reflective prism and a convex lens which are arranged on a support rod from top to bottom, the external disturbance system comprises a chopping plate, a chopping controller, a three-dimensional electric displacement table, a precise motion controller and a light beam splitter, the chopping plate is connected with the chopping controller, the three-dimensional electric displacement table is connected with the precise motion controller, and the light beam splitter is arranged on an optical platform.
Further, the device for regulating and controlling the behavior of the bubbles through various external disturbance modes is characterized in that a laser beam generated by a laser passes through the axial positions of an achromatic laser beam expander, a semi-transparent semi-reflective prism and a convex lens, the convex lens is arranged on a one-dimensional displacement table, a chopper is arranged between the laser and the achromatic laser beam expander and can also be arranged between the semi-transparent semi-reflective prism and a beam deflector or between the semi-transparent semi-reflective prism and the convex lens, a high-speed camera system is arranged on a three-dimensional adjusting frame, a high-brightness LED lamp is opposite to a microscope, and an electrochemical workstation, a precision motion controller and a high-speed camera are connected with a computer.
Further, a method for driving the dynamic behavior of a bubble by a laser based on the above device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, the laser generates an excitation beam, the excitation beam is averagely divided into two beams after passing through the semi-transparent semi-reflective prism, the reflected beam part is reflected by the beam splitter and then focused with the transmitted beam part through the convex lens, and the transmitted light and the reflected light respectively generate single bubbles at the focusing position on the surface of the electrode;
adjusting the reflection angle of the beam deflector, controlling the bubbles driven by the reflected beam to move on the surface of the electrode and interact with the bubbles driven by the transmitted beam on the surface of the electrode;
and step three, controlling the chopping frequency of the chopping plate by adjusting the chopping controller, and chopping the light path, thereby driving the dynamic behavior of the bubbles generated by the catalytic reaction on the surface of the electrode.
And step four, controlling the laser focusing light spots to move relatively on the surface of the electrode through the three-dimensional electric displacement table, so as to drive the dynamic behavior of bubbles on the surface of the electrode.
And step five, recording the dynamic behavior of the bubbles in the catalytic reaction system by a high-speed camera system.
The method is characterized in that the external disturbance system can realize various disturbance modes, and comprises a chopper to chop the light path, a beam deflector to adjust the position of an incident beam on the surface of the electrode, and a three-dimensional electric displacement table to control the relative motion of a focused light spot on the surface of the electrode.
Further, the method for regulating and controlling the behavior of the bubbles through various external disturbance modes is characterized in that the position of the convex lens in the light path is regulated through a one-dimensional displacement table, the distance between the convex lens and the surface of the photoelectrode is 9cm-11cm, and the diameter of a focused light spot of transmitted light and reflected light on the surface of the photoelectrode is controlled to be smaller than 1 mm.
Further, the method for regulating and controlling the behavior of the bubbles through various external disturbance modes is characterized in that the inclination angle of the light beam deflector is adjusted to be +/-4 degrees, so that the distance between the position of a focusing light spot of a reflection light path and the position of a focusing light spot of a transmission light path is within 1 mm.
Further, the method for regulating and controlling the bubble behavior through multiple external disturbance modes is characterized in that the multiple disturbance modes in an external disturbance system work independently, and each disturbance mode can independently control the dynamic behavior of the bubbles on the surface of the electrode and can also be coupled with and control the dynamic behavior of the bubbles on the surface of the electrode in multiple disturbance modes.
Further, the method for regulating and controlling the behavior of the bubbles through various external disturbance modes is characterized in that the three-dimensional electric displacement table is controlled by the precise motion controller to drive the reaction tank to move, and the photoelectrode in the reaction tank is indirectly driven to move, so that the relative motion of a focusing light spot on the photoelectrode is controlled, and the dynamic behavior of the bubbles generated by photocatalysis on the surface of the electrode is controlled.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the device and the method for regulating and controlling the behavior of the bubbles through various external disturbance modes are based on the design of a single laser double light path, so that the double light path can respectively generate the bubbles on the surface of an electrode, and the dynamic behavior characteristics of the bubbles are regulated and controlled through various external disturbance modes. Firstly, the invention can adjust the incident position of the reflection light path through the beam deflector to drive the movement of the bubbles generated on the surface of the electrode, thereby controlling the interaction between the bubbles and the bubbles in the transmission light path; secondly, the light chopping system can be arranged in the main light path or any light splitting path, the bouncing characteristic of double bubbles or single bubbles is controlled, and the interaction between the bubbles in bouncing and static bubbles can be controlled by combining the angle adjustment of the light beam deflector; and the speed of the three-dimensional electric displacement platform is adjustable, so that the movement of single bubbles or double bubbles on the surface of the electrode can be controlled, the bubbles which grow on the surface of the electrode in a relative rest state can be positioned in a certain flow field, and the rapid desorption and diffusion of micro bubbles on a reaction interface are promoted. The invention controls the dynamic behavior of the bubble by coupling of various external disturbance modes, the external disturbance system is precisely adjustable, the device is easy to refit, the research on the dynamic behavior of the bubble is valuable, and the device is very flexible in practical application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the movement and convergence of a laser-driven bubble on the surface of an electrode, FIG. 2(a) is a schematic diagram of the movement of a bubble on the surface of an electrode driven by laser, and FIG. 2(b) is a real shot diagram, wherein a bubble with an arrow mark is a moving bubble, the arrow direction represents the moving direction, and a bubble with a letter mark is inherent to the surface of the electrode;
FIG. 3 is a high-speed photographic image of a single laser dual optical path controlling the interaction between two bubbles, FIG. 3(a) is a process of a moving bubble merging with a bubble having approximately the same size at a fixed position, and FIG. 3(b) is a process of a moving small bubble merging with a bubble having a larger fixed position;
fig. 4 is a high-speed photographic image of the interaction of small bubbles in bounce with large bubbles.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, the system device of the present invention is composed of four parts, i.e., an excitation light source system, an external disturbance system, a catalytic reaction system and a high-speed camera system, wherein the excitation light source system includes a laser 1, an achromatic laser beam expander 4, a half-transmitting and half-reflecting prism 5 and a convex lens 7, the external disturbance system includes a chopping plate 3, a chopping controller 4, a three-dimensional electric displacement table 15, a precise motion controller 16 and a beam deflector 6, the catalytic reaction system includes a reaction tank 12 and an electrochemical workstation 10, and the high-speed camera system includes a high-speed camera 14 and a microscope 13.
Wherein the laser 1 generates an excitation beam, the main light path laser is averagely divided into two beams with equal power through the half-transmitting and half-reflecting prism 5, the transmission sub-beams are directly focused through a convex lens 7, the reflection sub-beams are reflected through a beam deflector 6 and then focused through the convex lens 7, the two beams of light are respectively incident to the surface of a horizontal photoelectric anode in a reaction tank 12, the convex lens 7 adjusts the position in the light path through a one-dimensional displacement table 8 to adjust the size of a focusing light spot on the surface of a photoelectrode, a chopper 2 is connected with a chopper controller 3 to control chopping frequency, a high-speed camera system is installed on a three-dimensional adjusting frame 17, a high-brightness LED lamp 9 is right opposite to a microscope 13 to meet the requirement of light inlet quantity of shooting by a back-shadow method, a three-dimensional electric displacement table 15 is controlled by a precision motion controller 16 to control the motion direction and speed, and an electrochemical workstation 10, the precision motion controller 16 and a high-speed camera 14 need to be connected with a.
Wherein the electrolyte is 0.5mol/L sodium sulfate solution, and the photoelectric anode adopts TiO prepared by a hydrothermal method2A cathode of the nano array film electrode is a platinum wire electrode, the setting range of the shooting speed of the high-speed camera 14 is 500-10000 fps, the magnification of the microscope 13 is set to be 2.4 times, the wavelength of the laser 1 is 376nm, the laser power is set to be 13mW, the constant voltage of the electrochemical workstation 10 is set to be 0.1V, the chopping frequency range of the chopper is 4Hz-3.7kHz, the focal length of the convex lens 7 is 100mm, 8 strokes of the one-dimensional displacement table are +/-6.5 mm, the inclination angle adjustment range of the light beam turning device 6 is +/-4 degrees, the light beam lifting height is 180mm, the maximum strokes of the three-dimensional electric displacement table in the directions of 15x and y axes are 50mm, the maximum moving speed is 12mm/s, the resolution ratio reaches 2.5 mu m, the maximum stroke in the direction of z axis is 50mm, the maximum moving speed is 5mm/s, and the resolution ratio reaches 0.1 mu m.
The innovative method of the invention is mainly embodied in that the device and the method for regulating and controlling the bubble behavior through a plurality of external disturbance modes are based on the design of a single laser double light path, so that the double light path can respectively generate bubbles on the surface of an electrode, and the dynamic behavior characteristics of the bubbles are controlled through the coupling of the plurality of external disturbance modes, and the system device is easy to modify, has strong repeatability and is very flexible in practical application.
Based on the device and the method, the invention provides the following embodiments:
example 1: movement and coalescence of gas bubbles on the surface of the electrode
Interactions between bubbles include collision contact, wake-induced contact, and shear motion. In this embodiment, the relative position of the laser focusing spot on the electrode surface is controlled by adjusting the three-dimensional electric displacement table 15, and the bubble is driven by the laser beam in relative motion to move and converge on the electrode surface, and the implementation scheme and the result are as follows:
based on the experimental system shown in FIG. 1, without using the light chopping system, the semi-transparent and semi-reflective prism 5 and the beam turning system 6, the three-dimensional electric displacement table 15 is controlled by the precise motion controller 16, and the electrolyte is 0.5mol/L Na2SO4The solution, laser power 13mW, applied bias voltage 0.1V, high speed photography speed 250fps, microscope magnification 2.4 x, all experiments were carried out at room temperature and normal pressure.
Under the implementation conditions, bubbles are generated at the laser focusing position, the laser focusing position on the surface of the electrode is controlled to move relatively through the three-dimensional electric displacement table (15), so that the bubbles are driven to move on the surface of the electrode, the bubbles continue to grow in the translation process, collide with other bubbles staying on the surface of the electrode and are converged, and finally the bubbles are separated from the surface and rise, and the schematic diagram of the movement of the laser-driven bubbles on the surface of the electrode is shown in fig. 2 (a). It should be particularly noted that, in the experiment, the relative position of the light beam on the electrode surface is changed by moving the position of the photoelectrode, so that the moving air bubble is always in the center of the visual field of the camera, which is convenient to observe, and the experimental effect is shown in fig. 2(b), wherein the air bubble with arrow mark is the moving air bubble, the arrow mark represents the moving direction, and the air bubble with letter mark is the air bubble inherent to the electrode surface.
Example 2: interaction between single laser, double light path and double bubbles
In this embodiment, a method for regulating interaction between two bubbles generated by a single laser and two optical paths will be discussed, where the method includes coalescence of moving bubbles and fixed bubbles, and coalescence of small bubbles in bounce and fixed large bubbles by collision, and the implementation and effects are as follows:
based on the experimental system shown in FIG. 1, the chopper 2 can be installed in the main light path or any light splitting path, the chopping frequency is 20Hz, and the electrolyte is 0.5mol/L of Na2SO4The solution, laser power 13mW, applied bias voltage 0.1V, high speed photography speed 10000fps, microscope magnification 2.4 x, all experiments were carried out at room temperature and normal pressure.
Under the implementation conditions, the main light path is divided into two light paths by the semi-transparent semi-reflective prism 5 and the light beam turning system 6, the two light paths are respectively incident to the surface of the electrode through the vicinity of the center of the convex lens 7, one light beam is vertically incident to the surface of the electrode to generate bubbles with fixed positions, the other light beam is incident at an angle regulated by the light beam turning system 6 to generate moving bubbles on the photoelectric electrode, and the bubbles generated by the two light paths can generate interaction, such as collision, coalescence and the like. Fig. 3 shows a process in which a bubble moved by being driven by laser light is merged with a bubble having a fixed position, fig. 3(a) shows a process in which a moving bubble is merged with a bubble having a size approximately equal to that of a fixed position, and fig. 3(b) shows a process in which a moving small bubble is merged with a bubble having a large fixed position. As can be seen in the figure, the bubble fusion process deforms, and the bubbles are separated from the surface of the electrode at the moment of coalescence, the coalescence time of the bubbles, namely the sum of the time for thinning the liquid film and breaking the liquid film, is within 1ms, and the merging and deformation process lasts for about 2 ms.
The wave-chopping plate 2 is arranged between the beam turners 6 of the half-transparent and half-reflective prism 5, only the light-splitting path is chopped, bubbles generated by the light-splitting path bounce, and the chopping frequency is 20Hz in the embodiment. The small air bubbles in the bouncing process can be driven to move on the surface of the electrode by adjusting the incident light angle through the light beam deflector, and when the small air bubbles in the bouncing process are close to the large air bubbles at fixed positions, the small air bubbles are attracted by the large air bubbles and collide with the large air bubbles, and the large air bubbles are swallowed and absorbed after a certain number of collisions occur, and the process is shown in fig. 4. When the bubbles interact in the embodiment, the three-dimensional displacement table can be arranged to horizontally move within a certain range at a fixed speed, which is equivalent to that the bubbles are in a certain flow field in the growth and interaction process, and the research on the behavior of the bubbles in the shear flow is very helpful.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only some examples that can be implemented by the present invention, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, the experimental devices and the types of instruments used in the embodiments are not particularly limited, and can be replaced by experimental devices and instruments with the same or similar functions, and the experimental conditions can be replaced within a certain range, so that any equivalent changes to the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art through reading the description of the present invention are all covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A device for regulating and controlling bubble behaviors through multiple external disturbance modes is characterized in that a system device comprises an excitation light source system, an external disturbance system, a catalytic reaction system and a high-speed camera system, wherein the excitation light source system generates excitation light beams, the attributes of the light beams incident into the catalytic reaction system are changed through the external disturbance system, and the bubble behaviors in the catalytic reaction system are recorded by the high-speed camera system, wherein the excitation light source system comprises a laser (1), an achromatic laser beam expander (4), a semi-transparent semi-reflective prism (5) and a focusing lens (7) which are arranged on a support rod (19) from top to bottom, the external disturbance system comprises a chopping plate (2), a chopping controller (3), a three-dimensional electric displacement table (15), a precise motion controller (16) and a light beam diverter (6), the chopping plate (2) is connected with the chopping controller (3), the three-dimensional electric displacement platform (15) is connected with a precision motion controller (16), the beam deflector (6) is arranged on the optical platform (11), the laser beam generated by the laser (1) passes through the axle center positions of the achromatic laser beam expander (4), the semi-transparent semi-reflective prism (5) and the focusing lens (7), the convex lens (7) is arranged on the one-dimensional displacement platform (8), the chopping plate (2) is arranged between the laser (1) and the achromatic laser beam expander (4), or between the half-transmitting and half-reflecting prism (5) and the beam deflector (6), or the high-speed camera system is arranged between the semi-transparent semi-reflective prism (5) and the convex lens (7), the high-speed camera system is arranged on the three-dimensional adjusting frame (17), the high-brightness LED lamp (9) is opposite to the microscope (13), and the electrochemical workstation (10), the precision motion controller (16) and the high-speed camera (14) are connected with the computer (18).
2. A method for driving the dynamic behavior of a bubble by a laser based on the device of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step one, the laser (1) generates an excitation beam, the excitation beam is averagely divided into two beams after passing through the semi-transparent semi-reflective prism (5), a reflected beam part is reflected by the beam deflector (6) and then focused with a transmitted beam part through the convex lens (7), and the transmitted light and the reflected light respectively generate single bubbles at the focusing position on the surface of the electrode;
adjusting the reflection angle of the beam deflector (6), controlling the bubbles driven by the reflected beam to move on the surface of the electrode and interact with the bubbles driven by the transmitted beam on the surface of the electrode; the inclination angle adjustment range of the light beam turner (6) is +/-4 degrees, so that the distance between the position of a focusing light spot of the reflection light path and the position of a focusing light spot of the transmission light path is within 1 mm;
controlling the chopping frequency of the chopping plate (2) by adjusting the chopping controller (3), and chopping the light path, so as to drive the dynamic behavior of the bubbles generated by the catalytic reaction on the surface of the electrode;
fourthly, controlling the relative movement of laser focusing spots on the surface of the electrode through a three-dimensional electric displacement table (15), so as to drive the dynamic behavior of bubbles on the surface of the electrode; the three-dimensional electric displacement platform (15) is controlled by the precise motion controller (16) to drive the reaction tank (12) to move, and the photoelectrode in the reaction tank (12) is indirectly driven to move, so that the relative motion of a focusing light spot on the photoelectrode is controlled, and the dynamic behavior of bubbles generated by photocatalysis on the surface of the electrode is controlled;
and step five, recording the dynamic behavior of the bubbles in the catalytic reaction system by a high-speed camera system.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the external perturbation system can achieve multiple perturbation modes, including the chopping plate (2) chopping the light path, the beam deflector (6) adjusting the position of the incident beam on the electrode surface, and the three-dimensional electric displacement stage (15) controlling the relative motion of the focused light spot on the electrode surface.
4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the position of the convex lens (7) in the light path is adjusted by a one-dimensional displacement table (8), so that the distance between the convex lens (7) and the surface of the photoelectrode is 9cm-11cm, and the diameter of a focused light spot of the transmitted light and the reflected light on the surface of the photoelectrode is controlled to be less than 1 mm.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein the external perturbation system is operated independently in multiple perturbation modes, each perturbation mode can control the dynamic behavior of the bubbles on the surface of the electrode independently, or the multiple perturbation modes are coupled to control the dynamic behavior of the bubbles on the surface of the electrode.
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| CN110618133B (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2022-01-18 | 江苏卓易信息科技股份有限公司 | Device and method for detecting dynamics of symmetric vacuoles in transparent liquid environment |
| CN110787751A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-02-14 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Device and method for controlling bubble movement |
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